Anatomy of the upper airway Flashcards
label xox
what are the nasal conchae?
aka?
covered in ?
function?
- *nasal conchae:**
- *-** curved folds of bone
- aka nasal turbinates
- covered in ciliated resp. epithelium (aka pseudostratified columnar)
- curve in medially and laterally
- function: rapid warming and humidification of air as it passes to the lungs.
- The superior and middle nasal conchae & inferior nasal conchae are made from which bone?
- why does your nose run when you cry?
Superior and middle nasal conchae are from the ethmoid bone
The inferior nasal conchae is its own bone
nose runs when you cry:
- nasolacrimal duct (the tear duct) drains into the inferior meatus,
- Tear duct from our eye empties next to our inferior conchae, so drainage of this naso-lacrimal duct is what makes the nose run*
how does blood (arterial and venous) supply occur to the nasal cavity?
Arterial supply to the nasal cavities:
- from both the external and internal carotid arteries:
i) branches from the external carotid artery via the maxillary and facial arteries
ii) branches from the internal carotid artery via the ophthalmic artery
venous drainage:
i) branches to the maxillary and facial veins then drains to external jugular vein
ii) branches to the opthalmic vein into the cavernous sinus
what is scientific name for nose bleed?
where do most nose bleeds come from in children / younger people?
- epistaxis
- occur from little’s area: highly vascularised. as get older, come from further back is nasal cavity
what is innervation of nasal cavity like? (3)
CN 1, The olfactory nerve, is a special sensory nerve responsible for smell. These are shown by the yellow branches seen on the diagram.
CN V1, this is the ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve, is important for general sensory innervation around our forehead and eye area, and the top/middle of the nerve. This is the nasociliary nerve.
CN V2, this is the maxillary division of Trigeminal nerve. Involved in general sensory innervation, mainly the inferior part of the nose. This is the nasopalatine nerve.
which bone is the cribiform plate in?
cribiform plate in the ethmoid bone
what are the paranasal sinuses?
how many are there / what are they called?
what is their function (3) ?
paranasal sinuses: air filled spaces within the facial skeleton, continous with nasal cavity
4 paired sinuses: frontal, ethmoid, sphenoidal and maxillary
- *funtion:**
- *-** humidify air
- reduce weight of skull
- lined with resp. pseudostratified columnar epitheloium with cilia: immunological defence
what can go wrong with paranasal sinuses?
- *sinusitis** (inflammation of sinuses)
- happens most commonly in maxillary sinus: drainage hole is in the superior part of maxillary sinus (compared to others, which drain inferiorly) and becomes blocked quickly with sinusitis. means that rest of maxillary sinus becomes filled with mucous and becomes infected
in photo: left maxillary sinus has become filled with fluid (likely mucous)
what connects the middle ear to the nasopharnyx?
what is the role of ^? (2)
eustachain tube
function:
- equalises pressure
- drains mucous from middle ear
also infection can spread between middle ear and nasopharynx
what is the name for blockage of the eustachian tube ?
what does this cause?
who is it more common in?
otitis media - causes build up of mucous / fluid. can be due to inflammation or infection
common in younger children (ET is more horizontal so gets blocked easier)