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Semester 1 > anatomy prac 2 ayyy > Flashcards

anatomy prac 2 ayyy Flashcards

1
Q

dorsal branches of the spinal nerves supply ____ muscles

A

epaxial

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2
Q

ventral branches of spinal nerves supply ____ muscles

A

hypaxial

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3
Q

thoracic and lumbar nerves are _____ to their correspondent vertebrae

A

caudal

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4
Q

CNS 8 is _____ to cervical vertebra 7

A

caudal

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5
Q

the first pair of cervical spinal nerves emerge from where ?

A

the lateral vertebral foramen of the atlas

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6
Q

the vertebral artery, vein, and nerve pass through ______ of cervical vertebrae 1-6

A

transverse foramina

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7
Q

immediately caudal to the wing of the atlas and emerges between the cleidomastoideous and omotransversarius

A

2nd pair of cervical spinal nerves

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8
Q

Cranial nerve XI is also the what nerve

A

accessory spinal nerve

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9
Q

cranial nerve XI supplies what muscle

A

trapezius

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10
Q

the 2 major body cavities that are separated by the diaphragm

A

thoracic cavity

abdominopelvic

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11
Q

thoracic cavity dorsal boundary

A

T1-T13

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12
Q

thoracic cavity ventral boundary

A

8 sternebrae

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13
Q

thoracic cavity lateral boundary

A

13 pairs of ribs and 2 costal arches

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14
Q

diaphragm is what type of muscle

A

skeletal – under voluntary control

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15
Q

where to the lumbar right and left crura of the diaphragm attach

A

bodies of the 3/4th lumbar vertebrae

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16
Q

four diaphragm openings

A
  1. lumbocostal arches - not a true opening
  2. aortic hiatus
  3. esophageal hiatus
  4. caval foramen
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17
Q

aspiration of pleural fluid from the abdomen

A

thoracentesis

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18
Q

can be approached without risk to pleural cavity clinically

A

diaphragmatic line of pleural reflection

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19
Q

where the vena cava passes the diaphram

A

plica vena cava

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20
Q

clinical issue with diaphragm

A

diaphragmatic hernias

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21
Q

prevents frictional irritations in viscera

A

serous liquid filling serous cavities

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22
Q

3 serous cavities in the thoracic region

A

pleural (right and left)

pericardial

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23
Q

serous cavity in the abdomen

A

peritoneal

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24
Q

pleural effusions

A

liquid accumulation in thoracic cavity

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25
Q

recesses/pockets of the pleural cavity

A

pleural cupula

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26
Q

4 “recesses”

A
  1. costomediastinal
  2. costodiaphragmatic
  3. mediastinal
  4. lumbodiaphragmatic
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27
Q

dorsal boundaries of the cervical visceral space

A

longus capitus and longus coli

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28
Q

ventral boundaries of the cervical visceral space

A

sternohyrodius

sternocephalicus

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29
Q

fibrous pericardium

A

dense connective tissue

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30
Q

parietal pericardium

A

internal lining

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31
Q

like a parasaggital wall that continues cranially as the cervical visceral space

A

mediastinum

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32
Q

contents of the cervical visceral space

A 
trachea 
esophagus
thyroid gland
parathyroid gland
recurrent laryngeal nerves
tracheal lymph nodes 
carotid sheath with common carotid arteries, vagosympathetic trunk and internal jugular veins
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33
Q

endocrine gland located cranially to the sternum and is more developed in the young

A

thymus gland

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34
Q

functional blood supply of the lungs

A

pulmonary arteries and veins

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35
Q

nutritional blood supply of the lungs

A

bronchoesophageal artery

right azygos vein

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36
Q

has incomplete cartilaginous rings connected by annular ligaments

A

trachea

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37
Q

branches into bronchi

A

trachea

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38
Q

conducting system of respiratory system

A

trachea and bronchial tree

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39
Q

exchange portion of respiratory system

A

respiratory bronchioles – alveolar ducts/sacs and alveoli

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40
Q

has a groove for vena cava to transverse the lungs

A

accessory lobe of the right lungs

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41
Q

first branch off ascending aorta into aortic arch

A

brachiocephalic trunk

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42
Q

second branch off of the aortic arch

A

left subclavian artery

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43
Q

supplies the cranial intercostal spaces and muscles of the neck

A

costocervical trunk

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44
Q

extends through transverse vertebral foramina to supply the brain

A

vertebral artery of the left subclavian

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45
Q

branches of the subclavian arteries

A
  1. costocervical trunk
  2. vertebral artery
  3. superficial cervical artery
  4. internal thoracic artery
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46
Q

supplies the superficial structures of the neck

A

superficial cervical artery

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47
Q

supplies ventral intercostal spaces and costal wall and continues as the cranial epigastric artery

A

internal thoracic artery

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48
Q

3 veins that do not have arterial counterparts

A

cranial vena cave
caudal vena cava
right azygos

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49
Q

vein that drains from the head

A

cranial vena cava

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50
Q

veins that drain from the thoracic wall

A

caudal vena cava and right azygos

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51
Q

relay sensory info TO the CNS

A

afferent

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52
Q

relay motor output FROM the CNS

A

efferent

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53
Q

T/F

interneurons are located entirely in the CNS

A

TRUUU

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54
Q

involuntary tissues

A

smooth muscle, cardiac muscles, glands

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55
Q

composed of both sensory neuron fibers and motor neuron axons

A

mixed nerve

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56
Q

T/F

all spinal nerves are mixes nerves

A

TRUE

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57
Q

what comes from the dorsal root

A

afferent axons of both somatic and visceral sensory neurons

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58
Q

comes from the ventral root

A

efferent somatic motor neuron axons

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59
Q

have a cell body located in the CNS, and the axon synapses onto a second autonomic neuron in autonomic ganglion

A

presynaptic ganglionic neuron

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60
Q

has a ganglion outside of the CNS and axon synapses on target tissue

A

postsynaptic ganglionic neuron

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61
Q

fight or flight

A

SNS

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62
Q

rest and digest

A

PSNS

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63
Q

releases adrenaline

A

SNS

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64
Q

releases acetylcholine

A

PSNS

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65
Q

comes from the craniosacral regions and synapse in ganglia located within the organs that they innervate

A

parasympathetic division

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66
Q

located on either side of the vertebral column and is comprised of comprised of post synaptic cell bodies

A

paravertebral chain

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67
Q

comes from thorocolumbar regions

A

sympathetic innervation

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68
Q

ganglion at the head level, not seen in lab

A

cranial cervical ganglion

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69
Q

three ganglia of the cervical region

A

cervicothoracic
middle cervical
cranial cervical

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70
Q

3 pre-vertebral ganglion

A

celiac
cranial mesenteric
caudal mesenteric

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71
Q

nerves that originate from the paravertebral chain and communicate with the pre-verbebral ganglia

A

splanchnic nerves

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72
Q

originate from the caudal mesenteric ganglion and is made of post-SNS axons that innervate viscera from the pelvic cavity

A

hypogastric nerves

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73
Q

made of pre-synaptic fibers within the carotid sheath

A

vagus nerve

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74
Q

issued by the vagus nerve within the middle mediastinum, they ascend the trachea to larynx and supply parasympathetic fibers

A

recurrent laryngeal nerves (r/l)

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75
Q

what does the right recurrent laryngeal wrap around

A

right subclavian artery

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76
Q

what does the left recurrent laryngeal wrap around

A

ligamentum arteriosum and the arch of the aorta

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77
Q

mixed nerves that give somatic motor innervation to the diaphragm

A

phrenic nerves

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78
Q

a very tough, fibro-serous membrane around the heart that is contained in the middle mediastinum

A

pericardium

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79
Q

continuation of the fibrous pericardium to the diaphragm

A

phrenicopericardial ligament

  • *sternopericardium in large animals
  • -restricts movement of heart
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80
Q

pericardium attached firmly to the heart

A

visceral (epicardium)

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81
Q

T/F

the parietal and fibrous pericardium can be easily separated

A

FALSE

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82
Q

azygos vein in fetus and sometimes ruminants

A

bilateral

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83
Q

side that azygos vein persists in carnivores and horses

A

right

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84
Q

side the azygos vein persists in ruminants and pigs

A

left

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85
Q

part of heart that consists of the left ventrical

A

Apex

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86
Q

Do pulmonary arteries carry oxygenated or deoxy blood

A

deoxygenated

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87
Q

Do pulmonary veins carry oxy or deoxy blood

A

oxygenated

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88
Q

blind sac of the heart

A

auricle

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89
Q

receives blood from systemic veins

A

right atrium

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90
Q

4 openings of the right atrium

A

coronary sinus
caudal vena cava
cranial vena cava
atrioventricular orifice

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91
Q

diverts the blood from the cranial and caudal vena cavas into the right ventricle

A

intervenous tubercle

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92
Q

what strengthens the auricles

A

pectinate muscles that interlace each other

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93
Q

location of the fossa ovalis

A

caudal to the intervenou tubercle in the right atrium

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94
Q

separation of the main compartment and the auricle

A

crista terminalis

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95
Q

receives blood from right atrium

A

right ventricle

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96
Q

cords extending from the AV valve to the papillary muscles

A

chordae tendinae

**prevent valve from flipping backward

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97
Q

sends blood to the lungs

A

right ventricle

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98
Q

myocardial ridges in the right ventricle as papillary muscles

A

trabeculae carnae

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99
Q

receives blood from the lungs

A

left atrium

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100
Q

mitral valve

A

left AV valve

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101
Q

which ventricle is thicker

A

left – stronger to send blood throughout body

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102
Q

AV valve cusps

A
  1. septal – adjacent to septum

2. parietal – adjacent to outer ventricular wall

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103
Q

between Right ventricle and pulmonary vessels

A

pulmonary semilunar valve (has 3 cusps)

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104
Q

between left ventricle and aorta

A

aortic semilunar valve

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105
Q

origin of the left and right coronary arteries

A

aortic sinuses

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106
Q

base of heart points ____

A

dorsocranially

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107
Q

apex of heart points _____

A

caudoventrally

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108
Q

angle of heart in pupper

A

45 degrees

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109
Q

what is PAM

A

they are the three locations to listen to on the left side of the heart of points of max intensity

P: pulmonic valve
A: aortic valve
M: mitral valve

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110
Q

point of max intensity on right

A

right AV valve

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111
Q

What are the PAM on dogs

A

left side **
P: 3rd intercostal space
A: 4th intercostal space
M: 5th intercostal space

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112
Q

where do you listen to the right av valve on a dog

A

4th intercostal space on right side

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113
Q

PAM on horses

A

P: 3rd intercostal space
A: 4th intercostal space
M: 5th intercostal space

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114
Q

right av valve listening on horse

A

between 3-4th intercostal space on right side

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115
Q

PAM on cows

A

P: 3rd intercostal space
A: 4th intercostal space
M: 4th intercostal space

116
Q

Right av valve spot on cow auscultations

A

right hand side, between 3-4th intercostal space on right side

117
Q

what was the fossa ovalis in a fetus

A

foramen ovale in fetus – used as a passage to go straight from the right atrium to the left atrium and bipass the lungs

118
Q

what was the ligamentum arteriosum in a fetus

A

ductus arteriosus – used to shut blood from pulmonary artery to the aorta

119
Q

persistant right aortic arch

A

congenital birth defect – ligamentum arteriosum will wrap around the esophagus (connecting to the pulmonary artery) which constricts the esophagus and leads to megaesophagus and regurgitation

**normally noticed when young switch from milk to solid foods

120
Q

defect with patent foramen ovale – “common atrium”

A

atrial septal defect

121
Q

accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac

A

pericardial effusion

122
Q

genetic defect of abnormal myocardium so there are thin walls in the heart and lower contractility

A

dilated cardiomyopathy

123
Q

on the right side of the lungs to drain fluid from the 4/5th intercostal spaces

A

cardiac notch

124
Q

most common cardiac disease in cats

thicker than normal left ventricle

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

125
Q

common in king charles spaniel – cause of heart murmurs and backflow of blood

A

mitral valve insufficiency

126
Q

heartworm

A

from mosquitos – they take up residency in the pulmonary arteries and it backs up into the heart’s right ventricle

127
Q

double layers of peritoneum that connect visceral to the dorsal or ventral body walls

A

mesenteries

128
Q

abdominal cavity cranial border

A

diaphragm

129
Q

abdominal cavity caudal border

A

pelvic inlet

130
Q

abdominal cavity dorsal borders

A

vertebrae
sublumbar muscles
crura of the diaphragm

131
Q

abdominal cavity lateral borders

A

ribs and intercostal muscles/arches – interthoracic

muscles of abdominal wall – extrathoracic

132
Q

abdominal cavity ventral border

A

rectus abdominus muscle

133
Q

parts of the small intestine

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

134
Q

parts of the large intestine

A

cecum

colon

135
Q

3 accessory organs of the digestive system

A

gall bladder
liver
pancreas

136
Q

divides the body and the pylorus of the stomach

A

angular incisure

137
Q

condition in dogs, consisting of excessive dilation of the stomach followed by the twisting of the stomach around its longitudinal axis

A

gastric dilation volvulus – normally large deep chested breeds

138
Q

attachment of the root of the mesentery

A

abdominal wall near the 2nd lumbar vertebrae

139
Q

what does the root of the mesentery contain in it??

A

cranial mesenteric artery and the mesentery

140
Q

junction between the duodenum and ileum

A

duodenojejunal flexure

141
Q

multiple coils that occupy the ventral abdominum

A

jejunum

142
Q

suspended by the mesojejunum of mesentery

A

jejunum

143
Q

in the dog does the cecum communicate with the ileum

A

no

144
Q

communication between the ascending colon and the ileum in dogs

A

ileocolic orifice

**NOT in horses!! they go ileocecal and cecocolic

145
Q

communication between the ascending colon and the cecum

A

cecocolic orifice

146
Q

ligament that attached spleen

A

gastrosplenic ligament

147
Q

storage of red blood cells

A

spleen

148
Q

number of liver lobes

A

6

149
Q

2 processes of the caudate lobe of the liver

A

caudate and papillary processes

150
Q

which kidney is typically more cranial

A

right

151
Q

renal fossa

A

a notch in the caudate process of the caudate lobe of the liver that the RIGHT kidney sits in

152
Q

stores bile that is produced in the liver

A

gall bladder

153
Q

takes bile from liver to bile ducts

A

hepatic ducts

154
Q

extension of neck of gall bladder

A

cystic duct

155
Q

union of the hepatic and cystic ducts that opens at the major duodenal papilla

A

common bile duct

156
Q

which lobe of the pancreas is within the mesoduodenum

A

right

157
Q

which lobe of the liver is in the deep leaf of the omentum

A

left

158
Q

where does the body of the pancreas lie

A

at the pylorus of the stomach

159
Q

name of peritoneum on kidneys

A

retroperitoneum – on one side of kidneys

160
Q

connects the kidneys to the urinary bladder

A

ureter

161
Q

when intestines protrude through the vaginal ring into the inguinal canal or scrotum

A

inguinal hernia

162
Q

extension of peritoneum that protrudes through the deep inguinal ring

A

vaginal ring

vaginal process – females
vaginal tunic – males

163
Q

pre-synaptic sympathetic coming off of paravertebral chain

A

rami communicans

**unsure about this??

164
Q

three unpaired branches of the aorta

A

celiac artery
cranial mesenteric artery
caudal mesenteric artery

165
Q

three branches off the celiac artery

A

left gastric
hepatic
splenic

166
Q

what does the left gastric supply

A

the lesser curvature of the stomach

167
Q

hepatic artery branches

A

right gastric

gastroduodenal

168
Q

hepatic artery also directly supplies what organ without further branching

A

the liver

169
Q

what does the right gastric artery supply

A

lesser curvature of the stomach

170
Q

branches off of the gastroguodenal artery

A

right gastroepiploic

cranial pancreaticoduodenal

171
Q

what does the right gastroepiploic artery supply

A

greater curvature of the stomach

172
Q

what does the pancreaticoduodenal artery supply

A

the pancreas and the duodenum

173
Q

what does the splenic artery supply before branches

A

spleen

174
Q

what are the branches of the splenic

A

left gastroepiploic artery

short gastric branch

175
Q

what do the left gastroepiploic artery and short gastric branch of splenic artery supply

A

left gastro – greater curvature of the stomach

short gastric branch – stomach

176
Q

what does the caudal mesenteric artery divide into

A

left colic artery

cranial rectal artery

177
Q

what does the left colic artery supply

A

the descending colon

178
Q

what does the cranial rectal artery supply

A

rectum

179
Q

what does the cranial mesenteric artery divide into

A

ileocolic artery – “common trunk”
caudal pancreaticoduodenal artery
jejunal/ileal artery

180
Q

what does the caudal pancreaticoduodenal artery supply

A

the pancreas and duodenum

181
Q

what does the jejunal aa/ileal aa supply

A

jejunum and ilium

182
Q

what doe common trunk/ileocolic artery branch into

A

middle colic artery
right colic artery
colic branch of the ileocolic artery
cecal artery

183
Q

what does the middle colic artery supply

A

descending and transverse colon

184
Q

what does the right colic artery supply

A

transverse and ascending colon

185
Q

what does the colic branch of the ileocolic artery supply

A

the ascending colon

186
Q

what does the cecal artery supply before branching

A

cecum

187
Q

what does the cecal artery branch in to

A

antimesenteric ileal artery

188
Q

what does the antimesenteric ileal artery supply

A

ileum

**NOT in horses

189
Q

what supplies the liver

A

hepatic arteries

190
Q

what supplies the spleen

A

splenic arteries

191
Q

veins from paired organs drain into ____

A

caudal vena cava

192
Q

veins from unpaired organs will drain into ___

A

hepatic portal vein

193
Q

lymphatic vessels of the abdomen will drain into the _________ which is continued by the thoracic duct

A

cisterna chyli

194
Q

dual innervation to organs helps to maintain what?

A

homeostasis

195
Q

axons leaving the mesenteric (pre-vertebral) ganglia distribute _________ innervation to viscera

A

post-ganglionic sympathetic

196
Q

name of grouping the celiac and cranial mesenteric ganglion together

A

celicaomesenteric ganglion and plexus

197
Q

_______ innervation is via the dorsal and ventral vagal nerve trunks and pelvic nerves

A

parasympathetic

198
Q

what animals are stomach fermenters??

what animals are gut fermenters??

A

ruminants

horses

199
Q

in a calf what is the largest stomach compartment

A

abomasum

200
Q

4 compartments of a ruminant stomach

A

reticulum
rumen
omasum
abomasum

201
Q

what is the true stomach of ruminants

A

abomasum

202
Q

the rumen is laterally compressed and fills what side of the abdomen

A

left

203
Q

in a horse what side does the cecum rest

A

right

204
Q

the ______ of the ruminant stomach extends from the diaphragm to the pelvic inlet

A

rumen

205
Q

the _____ is the cranioventral part of the stomach in ruminants and it lies immediately caudal to the diaphragm

A

reticulum

206
Q

has a honeycomb like appearance inside

A

reticulum

207
Q

reticulum epithelium

A

stratified squamous keratinized

208
Q

another name for the reticular groove

A

esophageal groove

209
Q

components of the gastric groove

A

reticular groove + omasal groove + abomasal groove

210
Q

allows bipass of the rumen so food can go straight from esophagus to abomasum

A

gastric groove

211
Q

what triggers the gastric groove to close in both calves and adults

A

calves – suckling for milk

adults – ADH hormone because of dehydration

212
Q

longitudinal folds in the cavity of the omasum

A

laminae – help with mechanical digestion by contracting and absorbing

213
Q

glandular stomach in ruminants

A

abosmasum

214
Q

knot at the pyloric sphincter in ruminants to help close the sphincter

A

torus pyloricus

215
Q

permanent structures on the inside of the abomasum

A

spiral folds

216
Q

major innervation of the ruminant stomach

A

DORSAL VAGAL TRUNK

minor is ventral trunk

217
Q

T/F

large ruminants have a pancreatic and a bile duct

A

FALSE

only small ruminants have the pancreatic duct, but both large and small have a bile duct

218
Q

the bulk of the ruminant intestines are located within the _______ on the right side (because rumen occupies the left)

A

supraomental recess

219
Q

components of the ruminal ascending colon

A 
proximal loop
centripedal gyri -- going in
central flexure
centrifugal gyri -- going out 
distal loop
220
Q

what supplies the proximal loop and the centripedal gyri in ruminants prior to the central flexure

A

colic branch of the ileocolic artery

221
Q

what supplies the ventral colon of horses large colon prior to the pelvic flexure

A

colic branch of the ileocolic artery

222
Q

what supplies the oral part of dog ascending colon

A

colic branch of the ileocolic artery

223
Q

what supplies the aboral part of a dog ascending colon

A

right colic artery

224
Q

what supplies the centrifugal gyri and the distal loop of the ruminant ascending colon that follows after the central flexure

A

right colic artery

225
Q

what supplies the dorsal colon of the horse large colon following the pelvic flexure

A

right colic artery

226
Q

built in girdle of elastic tissue in large animals that is thickest ventrally as it merges with the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique

A

tunica flava abdominis

227
Q

what is unique about the horses esophagus

A

the lower esophageal/cardiac sphincter is extremely tight – horses do not regurgitate their foods

228
Q

separates the glandular and non-glandular parts of the horses simple stomach

A

margo plicatus

229
Q

the non-glandular mucosa of the horse stomach is what part of the stomach

A

fundus

230
Q

name of the bands/longitudinal thickenings of tunica muscularis on the horse large intestines

A

taenia coli

231
Q

The succulations/pouches that result from the taenia coli shortening and are significantly more prominent in the ventral colon of horses

A

haustra

232
Q

number of bands on the cecum

A

4

233
Q

number of bands on the entire ventral colon

A

4

234
Q

number of bands on the pelvic flexure and dorsal left colon

A

1

235
Q

number of bands on the dorsal flexure and dorsal right colon

A

3

236
Q

number of bands on the transverse and descending colon

A

2

237
Q

the dorsal band of the cecum leads to the _____

A

ileocolic fold

238
Q

the lateral band of the cecum connects to the ____

A

cecocolic fold

239
Q

how to tell where the ileum starts and the jejunum ends in horses

A

ileocecal fold

240
Q

aponeurotic attachment of all the abdominal wall musculature to the cranial pelvis

A

prepubic tendon

241
Q

ruptures of the prepubic tendon

A

when really pregnant, needs c section and no more babies

hydoallantois – uterus malfunction/fluid buildup

242
Q

horse colic and causes

A

abdominal pain – SO MANY CAUSES

243
Q

T/F

in a normal rectal palpation of a horse, the small intestine is easily perceivable

A

FALSE – this is bad

244
Q

free abdominal fluid

A

ascites

245
Q

draining of abdominal fluid near the ventral midline at the most gravity dependent part of the abdomen

A

abdominocentesis

246
Q

how does exploratory surgery work

A

start at ileocecal fold and run the GI tract orally and then go back to the fold and run the tract aborally to look for everything

247
Q

benign fatty tumor of the omentum that becomes pudunculated and wraps around a segment of the GI tract

A

strangulating lipoma – can lead to necrosis of the intestine

248
Q

when horses small intestines get trapped in the epiploic foramen

A

epiploic entrapment

249
Q

opening the intestinal tract

A

enterotomy

**remove contents bc ENDOTOXINS and decompress

250
Q

when stool gets stuck in the intestines and becomes a hard blockage

A

colon impaction

251
Q

when the large colon gets stuck between the spleen and the kidney

A

nephrosplenic entrapment

252
Q

buildup of kidney stones

A

enterolith

253
Q

if a section of bowel doesn’t survive it can be removed

A

resection/anastomosis

254
Q

majority of abomasal displacements are which ride

A

left displaced abomasum – LDA 90%

RDA - 10%

255
Q

when do displaced abomasums occur

A

when there is a rapid filling, gas distention, diet change

**it can result in a decreased outflow of stomach contents and also gas distention and compromised blood flow

256
Q

how to fix displaced abomasum

A

Roll the cow

surgical plexy – with toggle pin or open laprotomy

257
Q

anesthesia needs to go to which spinal nerves in cow surgery

A

T13 and L1-4

258
Q

which four nerves get the anesthesia for intestinal/stomach surgeries

A

costoabdominal
ileohypogastric
ileoinguinal
lateral cutaneous femoral nerve

259
Q

blood supply to the diaphragm

A
  1. musculophrenic artery

2. caudal phrenic artery

260
Q

where do the phrenic nerves originate

A

spinal nerves C5, C6, C7

261
Q

underlying connective tissue that attaches the pleura to the thoracic wall

A

endothoracic fascia

262
Q

fold of the right mediastinal pleura that envelopes the caudal vena cava and right phrenic nerve

A

plica vena cava

263
Q

chief channel for the return of lymph from the lymphatic capillaries and ducts to the venous system

A

thoracic duct

264
Q

T/F

the horses left lung’s cranial lobe has a cranial and caudal part

A

FALSE – only species that does not have the cranial and caudal parts of the cranial left lobe of the lung

265
Q

where is the cardiac notch in dogs

A

3rd/4th IC space

266
Q

where is the cardiac notch in horses

A

3rd/6th IC space

267
Q

name the 4 lobes of the left lung

A

cranial
middle
caudal
accessory

268
Q

T/F

horses do not have external lobulations of lungs

A

TRUE

269
Q

contents of the carotid sheath

A

common carotid arteries
vagosympathetic trunks
internal jugular veins

270
Q

functional blood supply of respiratory system

A

pulmonary arteries and veins

**color does not indicate what they carry.. pulmonary is opposite of normal deoxy vs oxy blood.

** veins are located VENTRALLY to the arteries

271
Q

located between the basal border of the lung and the diaphragmatic line of plueral relfection

A

costodiaphragmatic recess

272
Q

branches of the braciocephalic trunk

A

left and right common carotid arteries

right subclavian artery

273
Q

branches off of the ascending aorta

A

doral intercostal arteries

bronchoesophageal artery

274
Q

double layers of serous membrane that extend from the mediastinal parietal pleura to the visceral pleura

A

pulmonary ligaments

275
Q

three purely sensory cranial nerves

A

CN I, II, VIII
olfactory
optic
acusticovestibular

276
Q

three purely motor cranial nerves

A

CN IV, VI, XII
trochlear
abducent
hypoglossal

277
Q

cranial nerve with autonomic neurons

A

VAGUS – CNX

278
Q

origin of left and right coronary arteries

A

aortic sinuses

279
Q

disease of the left ventricle

A

concentric hypertrophy

280
Q

contains remnant of the umbilical vein – round ligament of the liver

A

falciform ligament

281
Q

supports the urachus in the fetus

A

median ligament of the urinary bladder – type of ventral mesentery

282
Q

contains the remnants of umbilical arteries = round ligaments of the bladder

A

lateral ligaments of the urinary bladder – type of dorsal mesentery

283
Q

abdominal “immune” organ

A

spleen

284
Q

cranial epigastric artery parent

A

internal thoracic a

285
Q

supplies mammae

A

cranial superficial epigastric a

Semester 1 (5 decks)

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