Anatomy PQ’s (Osteology) Flashcards
All past questions from previous Osteology midterms are here (ones I could find that is ;) ) (98 cards)
1
Q
What two layers does the periosteum consist of?
A
- Fibrous layer
- Cambium layer
2
Q
Name the basic structure of the compact bone tissue
A
Osteon
3
Q
Which part of the long bone does compact bone dominate, and which part does spongy bone dominate?
A
- Diaphysis (shaft)
- Epiphysis
4
Q
Name the disc of hyaline cartilage that is positioned transversely in the long bone and where it is located
A
- Epiphyseal growth plate
- Between metaphysis and epiphysis
5
Q
Name two compartments of maxillary sinus in horse
A
- Sinus maxillaris caudalis (caudal maxillary sinus)
- Sinus maxillaris rostralis (rostral maxillary sinus)
6
Q
Which discipline describes similarities and differences in the anatomy?
A
- Comparative anatomy
7
Q
Which bone cells are responsible for osteogenesis (formation of bone) and which for bone resorption?
A
- Osteoblast
- Osteoclast
8
Q
Name the paired surfaces designed to join with costal head
A
- Fovea costalis caudalis
- Fovea costalis cranialis
9
Q
List two vertebrae not having a caput vertebrae
A
- Atlas
- Axis
10
Q
Name the structures of atlas that articulates with the subsequent vertebrae
A
- Fovea articularis caudales (plural)
- Fovea dentis
11
Q
Name the plane that divides the body into two symmetrical parts and name the plane parallel to it
A
- Median plane
- Sagittal plane
12
Q
Which animal has unlocked orbit?
A
- Dog
- Pig
13
Q
Which paranasal sinus is the largest in the horse and which in cow?
A
- Horse - Maxillary sinus
- Cow - Frontal sinus
14
Q
What types of bone can be distinguished in accordance with its shape?
A
- Flat bone
- Long bone
- Irregular bone
- Sesamoid bone
- Pneumatic bone
15
Q
Name the latin name of flat bone and irregular bone
A
- Ossa plana
- Ossa iregularia
16
Q
Name the bone on which sulcus extensorius is present, and the one where processus extensorius is present
A
- Sulcus extensorius - tibia
- Processus extensorius - distal phalanx
17
Q
Name the two surfaces visible in acetabulum
A
- Facies lunata (pars major & pars minor in cow)
- Fossa acetabuli
18
Q
What are the different parts of the hyoid bone?
A
- Basishyoideum
- Thyrohydoideum
- Ceratohyoideum
- Stylohyoideum
- Tympanohyoideum
19
Q
List the different types of sutures in the skull
A
- Sutura plana
- Sutura foliate
- Sutura squamosa
- Sutura serrata
- Gomphosis
20
Q
Give at least 2 defects of brachiocephalic syndrome
A
- Stenotic nares
- Elongated soft palate
- Tracheal collapse
- Hypertonic palatine tonsils
- Everted laryngeal ventricles
21
Q
Name two joints of the vertebrae and ribs
A
- Art. Capitis costae > costovertebral joint
- Art. Costotransversaria > costotransverse joint
22
Q
What parts of the temporal bone are visible in newborns?
A
- Pars Tympanica
- Pars Petrosa
- Pars Squamosa
23
Q
Name the largest sesamoid bone
A
- Patella
24
Q
Name the most distal sesamoid bone
A
- Os Naviculare
25
Name the bone that has a) fossa radialis b) fossa extensoria
- Humerus
- Femur
26
Which type of bone is typical for a a) body of long bones b) epiphysis
- Compact bone
- Spongy bone
27
What are the two main parts of the skull?
- Ossa faciei
- Ossa cranii
28
What structure comes out of the external occipital protuberance? What is the structure formed by?
- Lig nuchae
- Lamina nuchae and funiculus nuchae
29
What 2 structures in the rib touch the vertebrae?
- Caput costae - facies articularis capitis costae caudalis and cranialis
- Tuberculum costae - facies articularis tuberculi costae
30
Name at least 2 surfaces of the proximal phalanx
- Palmar/plantar surface
- Articular surface
31
What kind of bone is the proximal phalanx
- Long bone
32
Name the foramen in the atlas which is replaced with a notch in the dog
- Foramen alare > incisura alaris
33
Which thoracic vertebrae articulates with the 5th pair of ribs
- 5th and 4th
34
Name the structure which is formed by the false ribs (costae spuriae)
- Arcus costalis
35
Which type of bone marrow is typical for flat bone and which one for the medullar cavity of long bones?
- Flat bone - red marrow
- Medullar cavity - yellow marrow
36
Name 2 processes forming arcus zygomaticus
- Processus temporalis (os zygomaticus)
- Processus zygomaticus (os temporalis)
- Processus zygomaticus (os frontale)
37
Name two bones forming symphysis pelvina
- Os ischii
- Os pubis
38
Name the caudal border of os coxae
- Arcus ischiadicus
39
State the borders that form foramen obturatum
- Ramus cranialis ossis pubis
- Ramus caudalis ossis pubis
- Ramus ossis ischii
40
Name the process at the distal extremity of the ulna. Which animal does not possess this structure?
- Processus styloideus ulnae
- Horse
41
Name two processes at the proximal extremity of the ulane
- Processus anconeus
- Processus coronoideus lateralus et medialis
42
Give at least 2 examples of flat bones
- Scapula
- Sternum
- Os pubis
- Os ischi
43
Name the structures (part of the atlas) surrounding foramen vertebrale
- Arcus ventralis
- Arcus dorsalis
44
How many ribs does a dog have?
- 12 - 14
45
Name the group of ribs forming arcus costalis
- False ribs
46
What is the latin name for the true ribs, false ribs and floating ribs
- Costae verae
- Costae spuriae
- Costae fluctuantes
47
Name the two main parts of rib in latin
- Os costale
- Cartilage costalis
48
Name the parts of the sternum lying most caudally and cranially
- Caudally - processus xiphoidea
- Cranially - Manubrium sterni
49
How many vertebrae the os sacrum of the horse and the dog consist of?
- Horse - 5
- Dog - 3
50
How many lumbar vertebrae does a cow have?
- 6
51
In which morphotype of dogs the external sagittal crest is reduced or missing?
- Brachycephalic
52
List all the morphotype of dog
- Brachycephalic
- Mesocephalic
- Dolichocephlic
53
Name the bones bordering the recessus maxillaris
- Ethmoid bone
- Maxillary bone
- Palatine bone
- Lacrimal bone
54
Name the notch (in Latin) of the mandible between the processes coronoideus and processus condylaris
- Incisura mandibulae
55
Name the covering of the outer surface of the skull
- Pericranium
56
Which segment of the limb does the scapula represent? Name the bone representing the same segment of the pelvic limb
- Zonopodium
- Os coxae
57
What joint do the humerus and the scapula form?
- Shoulder joint
58
What bones can be found in the zeugopodium segment of the front limb?
- Ulna and radius
59
Give two examples of animals having acromion
- Dog
- Cow
60
What process is present in the acromion of the cat and what process is present in the acromion of dog?
- Cat - Processus suprahamatus
- Dog - Processus hamatus
61
Name in latin the part where the caput of humerus is joined to
- Cavitas glenoidalis
62
Name the two parts of the long bone neighbouring with the cartilago epiphysialis
- Epiphysis
- Metaphysis
63
Give another name to os ungulare
- Os unguiculare
- Distal phalanx
64
Name two surfaces separated by margo coronalis in os ungulare
- Faceis parietalis
- Faceis articularis
65
How many bones are there in a proximal row of the canine carpus?
How many in the distal row of the bovine tarsus?
Which of them are fused?
- 3 in proximal row of dog
- 3 in distal row of bovine
- 4th fused with central tarsal and 2nd fused with 3rd in bovine
66
Name the plane perpendicular to the long axis
- Transverse plane
67
List two groups of ossa capitis
- Ossa faciei
- Ossa cranii
68
Name the concavity where the maxillary foramen is. With which foramen does the maxillary foramen form the canalis infraorbitalis
- Fossa pterygopalatina
- Foramen infraorbitale
69
Name the 3 bones forming palatum osseum
- Os palatinum
- Maxilla
- Os incisivum
70
Name two bones surrounding the foramen obturatum in latin
- Os ischii
- Os pubis
71
Name otherwise the middle phalanx in a horse and the distal phalanx in a dog
- Horse - Os coronale
- Dog - Os unguiculare
72
Does the high part of calcaneus go laterally or medially?
- Laterally
73
Name 3 major parts of the sternum
- Manubrium sterni
- Corpus sterni
- Processus xiphoideus
74
What kind of animal has a flat sternum and what kind of animal possesses a sharp bottom sternum?
- Flat bottom - Cow
- Sharp bottom - Horse
75
Name in latin the type of bone containing the diploe. Give two examples of such bones excluding the skull
- Ossa plan
- Scaplua and sternum
76
What are the 2 foramens of the mandible? what canal do these two foramens form?
- Foramen mandibulae
- Foramen mentale
- Canalis mandibularis
77
In which species does the incisura vasorum facialium present?
- Horse
78
What is the name of the process that is only present in the mandible of the dog?
- Processus angulus
79
Name the structure that is only present in the cats humerus.
Is this structure present in dog?
- Foramen supracondylare
- Yes
80
Name the distinct structures that are only present in horses humerus
- Tuberculum intermedium
81
Name the two fossa's that are only present in the humerus
- Fossa radialis
- Fossa olecrani
82
Name in latin the groove that divides the tuberculum majus and tuberculum minus
- Sulcus intertubercularis
83
Name the structure in the sacrum which articulates with the hip bone
- Facies auricularis
84
Name two fossa's present on the distal extremity of the femur
- Fossa extensoria
- Fossa musculi poplitea
- Fossa intercondylaris
85
Name the bone articulating with the patella
- Caput ulnare
86
Name the middle phalanx in a horse
- Os coronale
87
Name the distal phalanx in dogs
- Os unguiculare
88
Name the species that does not pocess crista nuchae and what structure it is replaced with
- Cow
- Linea nuchae
89
Protuberantia occipitalis externa is absent in which animals?
- Pig
90
What animals possess foramen orbitorotundeum?
- Pig and cow
91
Name the notches that present in the foramen lacerum
- Incisura ovalis
- Incisura carotica
- Incisura spinosa
92
Where are a) eminentia intercondylaris b) eminentia iliopubica located?
- Tibia
- Os coxae
93
What is the name of the distinct structure that is only present in horses femur and which side is this structure facing?
- Trochanter tertius
- Lateral
94
State 2 examples each for brachycephalic and mesocephalic dogs
- Brachycephalic - Pekingese & Pug
- Mesocephalic - Beagles & Golden Retriever
- Dolichocephalic - Greyhound & Irish wolfhound
95
Name the different parts of the hyoid bone
- Epihyoideum
- Ceratohyoideum
- Thyrohyoideum
- Basihyoideum
- Stylohyoideum
- Typanohyoideum
96
Name 2 enlargements of the spinal cord
- Intumescentia cervicalis
- Intumescentia lumbalis
97
Name in latin the space inside the diaphysis and the type of bone tissue forming its wall
- Cavum medullare
- Substantia compacta
98
Name in latin the type of bone containing the dipole. Give two examples
- Ossa plana (flat bones)
- Sternum and scapula
