Anatomy PQ’s (Osteology) Flashcards

All past questions from previous Osteology midterms are here (ones I could find that is ;) ) (98 cards)

1
Q

What two layers does the periosteum consist of?

A
  • Fibrous layer
  • Cambium layer
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2
Q

Name the basic structure of the compact bone tissue

A

Osteon

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3
Q

Which part of the long bone does compact bone dominate, and which part does spongy bone dominate?

A
  • Diaphysis (shaft)
  • Epiphysis
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4
Q

Name the disc of hyaline cartilage that is positioned transversely in the long bone and where it is located

A
  • Epiphyseal growth plate
  • Between metaphysis and epiphysis
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5
Q

Name two compartments of maxillary sinus in horse

A
  • Sinus maxillaris caudalis (caudal maxillary sinus)
  • Sinus maxillaris rostralis (rostral maxillary sinus)
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6
Q

Which discipline describes similarities and differences in the anatomy?

A
  • Comparative anatomy
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7
Q

Which bone cells are responsible for osteogenesis (formation of bone) and which for bone resorption?

A
  • Osteoblast
  • Osteoclast
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8
Q

Name the paired surfaces designed to join with costal head

A
  • Fovea costalis caudalis
  • Fovea costalis cranialis
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9
Q

List two vertebrae not having a caput vertebrae

A
  • Atlas
  • Axis
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10
Q

Name the structures of atlas that articulates with the subsequent vertebrae

A
  • Fovea articularis caudales (plural)
  • Fovea dentis
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11
Q

Name the plane that divides the body into two symmetrical parts and name the plane parallel to it

A
  • Median plane
  • Sagittal plane
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12
Q

Which animal has unlocked orbit?

A
  • Dog
  • Pig
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13
Q

Which paranasal sinus is the largest in the horse and which in cow?

A
  • Horse - Maxillary sinus
  • Cow - Frontal sinus
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14
Q

What types of bone can be distinguished in accordance with its shape?

A
  • Flat bone
  • Long bone
  • Irregular bone
  • Sesamoid bone
  • Pneumatic bone
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15
Q

Name the latin name of flat bone and irregular bone

A
  • Ossa plana
  • Ossa iregularia
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16
Q

Name the bone on which sulcus extensorius is present, and the one where processus extensorius is present

A
  • Sulcus extensorius - tibia
  • Processus extensorius - distal phalanx
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17
Q

Name the two surfaces visible in acetabulum

A
  • Facies lunata (pars major & pars minor in cow)
  • Fossa acetabuli
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18
Q

What are the different parts of the hyoid bone?

A
  • Basishyoideum
  • Thyrohydoideum
  • Ceratohyoideum
  • Stylohyoideum
  • Tympanohyoideum
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19
Q

List the different types of sutures in the skull

A
  • Sutura plana
  • Sutura foliate
  • Sutura squamosa
  • Sutura serrata
  • Gomphosis
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20
Q

Give at least 2 defects of brachiocephalic syndrome

A
  • Stenotic nares
  • Elongated soft palate
  • Tracheal collapse
  • Hypertonic palatine tonsils
  • Everted laryngeal ventricles
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21
Q

Name two joints of the vertebrae and ribs

A
  • Art. Capitis costae > costovertebral joint
  • Art. Costotransversaria > costotransverse joint
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22
Q

What parts of the temporal bone are visible in newborns?

A
  • Pars Tympanica
  • Pars Petrosa
  • Pars Squamosa
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23
Q

Name the largest sesamoid bone

A
  • Patella
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24
Q

Name the most distal sesamoid bone

A
  • Os Naviculare
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25
Name the bone that has a) fossa radialis b) fossa extensoria
- Humerus - Femur
26
Which type of bone is typical for a a) body of long bones b) epiphysis
- Compact bone - Spongy bone
27
What are the two main parts of the skull?
- Ossa faciei - Ossa cranii
28
What structure comes out of the external occipital protuberance? What is the structure formed by?
- Lig nuchae - Lamina nuchae and funiculus nuchae
29
What 2 structures in the rib touch the vertebrae?
- Caput costae - facies articularis capitis costae caudalis and cranialis - Tuberculum costae - facies articularis tuberculi costae
30
Name at least 2 surfaces of the proximal phalanx
- Palmar/plantar surface - Articular surface
31
What kind of bone is the proximal phalanx
- Long bone
32
Name the foramen in the atlas which is replaced with a notch in the dog
- Foramen alare > incisura alaris
33
Which thoracic vertebrae articulates with the 5th pair of ribs
- 5th and 4th
34
Name the structure which is formed by the false ribs (costae spuriae)
- Arcus costalis
35
Which type of bone marrow is typical for flat bone and which one for the medullar cavity of long bones?
- Flat bone - red marrow - Medullar cavity - yellow marrow
36
Name 2 processes forming arcus zygomaticus
- Processus temporalis (os zygomaticus) - Processus zygomaticus (os temporalis) - Processus zygomaticus (os frontale)
37
Name two bones forming symphysis pelvina
- Os ischii - Os pubis
38
Name the caudal border of os coxae
- Arcus ischiadicus
39
State the borders that form foramen obturatum
- Ramus cranialis ossis pubis - Ramus caudalis ossis pubis - Ramus ossis ischii
40
Name the process at the distal extremity of the ulna. Which animal does not possess this structure?
- Processus styloideus ulnae - Horse
41
Name two processes at the proximal extremity of the ulane
- Processus anconeus - Processus coronoideus lateralus et medialis
42
Give at least 2 examples of flat bones
- Scapula - Sternum - Os pubis - Os ischi
43
Name the structures (part of the atlas) surrounding foramen vertebrale
- Arcus ventralis - Arcus dorsalis
44
How many ribs does a dog have?
- 12 - 14
45
Name the group of ribs forming arcus costalis
- False ribs
46
What is the latin name for the true ribs, false ribs and floating ribs
- Costae verae - Costae spuriae - Costae fluctuantes
47
Name the two main parts of rib in latin
- Os costale - Cartilage costalis
48
Name the parts of the sternum lying most caudally and cranially
- Caudally - processus xiphoidea - Cranially - Manubrium sterni
49
How many vertebrae the os sacrum of the horse and the dog consist of?
- Horse - 5 - Dog - 3
50
How many lumbar vertebrae does a cow have?
- 6
51
In which morphotype of dogs the external sagittal crest is reduced or missing?
- Brachycephalic
52
List all the morphotype of dog
- Brachycephalic - Mesocephalic - Dolichocephlic
53
Name the bones bordering the recessus maxillaris
- Ethmoid bone - Maxillary bone - Palatine bone - Lacrimal bone
54
Name the notch (in Latin) of the mandible between the processes coronoideus and processus condylaris
- Incisura mandibulae
55
Name the covering of the outer surface of the skull
- Pericranium
56
Which segment of the limb does the scapula represent? Name the bone representing the same segment of the pelvic limb
- Zonopodium - Os coxae
57
What joint do the humerus and the scapula form?
- Shoulder joint
58
What bones can be found in the zeugopodium segment of the front limb?
- Ulna and radius
59
Give two examples of animals having acromion
- Dog - Cow
60
What process is present in the acromion of the cat and what process is present in the acromion of dog?
- Cat - Processus suprahamatus - Dog - Processus hamatus
61
Name in latin the part where the caput of humerus is joined to
- Cavitas glenoidalis
62
Name the two parts of the long bone neighbouring with the cartilago epiphysialis
- Epiphysis - Metaphysis
63
Give another name to os ungulare
- Os unguiculare - Distal phalanx
64
Name two surfaces separated by margo coronalis in os ungulare
- Faceis parietalis - Faceis articularis
65
How many bones are there in a proximal row of the canine carpus? How many in the distal row of the bovine tarsus? Which of them are fused?
- 3 in proximal row of dog - 3 in distal row of bovine - 4th fused with central tarsal and 2nd fused with 3rd in bovine
66
Name the plane perpendicular to the long axis
- Transverse plane
67
List two groups of ossa capitis
- Ossa faciei - Ossa cranii
68
Name the concavity where the maxillary foramen is. With which foramen does the maxillary foramen form the canalis infraorbitalis
- Fossa pterygopalatina - Foramen infraorbitale
69
Name the 3 bones forming palatum osseum
- Os palatinum - Maxilla - Os incisivum
70
Name two bones surrounding the foramen obturatum in latin
- Os ischii - Os pubis
71
Name otherwise the middle phalanx in a horse and the distal phalanx in a dog
- Horse - Os coronale - Dog - Os unguiculare
72
Does the high part of calcaneus go laterally or medially?
- Laterally
73
Name 3 major parts of the sternum
- Manubrium sterni - Corpus sterni - Processus xiphoideus
74
What kind of animal has a flat sternum and what kind of animal possesses a sharp bottom sternum?
- Flat bottom - Cow - Sharp bottom - Horse
75
Name in latin the type of bone containing the diploe. Give two examples of such bones excluding the skull
- Ossa plan - Scaplua and sternum
76
What are the 2 foramens of the mandible? what canal do these two foramens form?
- Foramen mandibulae - Foramen mentale - Canalis mandibularis
77
In which species does the incisura vasorum facialium present?
- Horse
78
What is the name of the process that is only present in the mandible of the dog?
- Processus angulus
79
Name the structure that is only present in the cats humerus. Is this structure present in dog?
- Foramen supracondylare - Yes
80
Name the distinct structures that are only present in horses humerus
- Tuberculum intermedium
81
Name the two fossa's that are only present in the humerus
- Fossa radialis - Fossa olecrani
82
Name in latin the groove that divides the tuberculum majus and tuberculum minus
- Sulcus intertubercularis
83
Name the structure in the sacrum which articulates with the hip bone
- Facies auricularis
84
Name two fossa's present on the distal extremity of the femur
- Fossa extensoria - Fossa musculi poplitea - Fossa intercondylaris
85
Name the bone articulating with the patella
- Caput ulnare
86
Name the middle phalanx in a horse
- Os coronale
87
Name the distal phalanx in dogs
- Os unguiculare
88
Name the species that does not pocess crista nuchae and what structure it is replaced with
- Cow - Linea nuchae
89
Protuberantia occipitalis externa is absent in which animals?
- Pig
90
What animals possess foramen orbitorotundeum?
- Pig and cow
91
Name the notches that present in the foramen lacerum
- Incisura ovalis - Incisura carotica - Incisura spinosa
92
Where are a) eminentia intercondylaris b) eminentia iliopubica located?
- Tibia - Os coxae
93
What is the name of the distinct structure that is only present in horses femur and which side is this structure facing?
- Trochanter tertius - Lateral
94
State 2 examples each for brachycephalic and mesocephalic dogs
- Brachycephalic - Pekingese & Pug - Mesocephalic - Beagles & Golden Retriever - Dolichocephalic - Greyhound & Irish wolfhound
95
Name the different parts of the hyoid bone
- Epihyoideum - Ceratohyoideum - Thyrohyoideum - Basihyoideum - Stylohyoideum - Typanohyoideum
96
Name 2 enlargements of the spinal cord
- Intumescentia cervicalis - Intumescentia lumbalis
97
Name in latin the space inside the diaphysis and the type of bone tissue forming its wall
- Cavum medullare - Substantia compacta
98
Name in latin the type of bone containing the dipole. Give two examples
- Ossa plana (flat bones) - Sternum and scapula