Anatomy PQ’s (Osteology) Flashcards
All past questions from previous Osteology midterms are here (ones I could find that is ;) )
What two layers does the periosteum consist of?
- Fibrous layer
- Cambium layer
Name the basic structure of the compact bone tissue
Osteon
Which part of the long bone does compact bone dominate, and which part does spongy bone dominate?
- Diaphysis (shaft)
- Epiphysis
Name the disc of hyaline cartilage that is positioned transversely in the long bone and where it is located
- Epiphyseal growth plate
- Between metaphysis and epiphysis
Name two compartments of maxillary sinus in horse
- Sinus maxillaris caudalis (caudal maxillary sinus)
- Sinus maxillaris rostralis (rostral maxillary sinus)
Which discipline describes similarities and differences in the anatomy?
- Comparative anatomy
Which bone cells are responsible for osteogenesis (formation of bone) and which for bone resorption?
- Osteoblast
- Osteoclast
Name the paired surfaces designed to join with costal head
- Fovea costalis caudalis
- Fovea costalis cranialis
List two vertebrae not having a caput vertebrae
- Atlas
- Axis
Name the structures of atlas that articulates with the subsequent vertebrae
- Fovea articularis caudales (plural)
- Fovea dentis
Name the plane that divides the body into two symmetrical parts and name the plane parallel to it
- Median plane
- Sagittal plane
Which animal has unlocked orbit?
- Dog
- Pig
Which paranasal sinus is the largest in the horse and which in cow?
- Horse - Maxillary sinus
- Cow - Frontal sinus
What types of bone can be distinguished in accordance with its shape?
- Flat bone
- Long bone
- Irregular bone
- Sesamoid bone
- Pneumatic bone
Name the latin name of flat bone and irregular bone
- Ossa plana
- Ossa iregularia
Name the bone on which sulcus extensorius is present, and the one where processus extensorius is present
- Sulcus extensorius - tibia
- Processus extensorius - distal phalanx
Name the two surfaces visible in acetabulum
- Facies lunata (pars major & pars minor in cow)
- Fossa acetabuli
What are the different parts of the hyoid bone?
- Basishyoideum
- Thyrohydoideum
- Ceratohyoideum
- Stylohyoideum
- Tympanohyoideum
List the different types of sutures in the skull
- Sutura plana
- Sutura foliate
- Sutura squamosa
- Sutura serrata
- Gomphosis
Give at least 2 defects of brachiocephalic syndrome
- Stenotic nares
- Elongated soft palate
- Tracheal collapse
- Hypertonic palatine tonsils
- Everted laryngeal ventricles
Name two joints of the vertebrae and ribs
- Art. Capitis costae > costovertebral joint
- Art. Costotransversaria > costotransverse joint
What parts of the temporal bone are visible in newborns?
- Pars Tympanica
- Pars Petrosa
- Pars Squamosa
Name the largest sesamoid bone
- Patella
Name the most distal sesamoid bone
- Os Naviculare
Name the bone that has a) fossa radialis b) fossa extensoria
- Humerus
- Femur
Which type of bone is typical for a a) body of long bones b) epiphysis
- Compact bone
- Spongy bone
What are the two main parts of the skull?
- Ossa faciei
- Ossa cranii
What structure comes out of the external occipital protuberance? What is the structure formed by?
- Lig nuchae
- Lamina nuchae and funiculus nuchae
What 2 structures in the rib touch the vertebrae?
- Caput costae - facies articularis capitis costae caudalis and cranialis
- Tuberculum costae - facies articularis tuberculi costae
Name at least 2 surfaces of the proximal phalanx
- Palmar/plantar surface
- Articular surface
What kind of bone is the proximal phalanx
- Long bone
Name the foramen in the atlas which is replaced with a notch in the dog
- Foramen alare > incisura alaris
Which thoracic vertebrae articulates with the 5th pair of ribs
- 5th and 4th
Name the structure which is formed by the false ribs (costae spuriae)
- Arcus costalis
Which type of bone marrow is typical for flat bone and which one for the medullar cavity of long bones?
- Flat bone - red marrow
- Medullar cavity - yellow marrow
Name 2 processes forming arcus zygomaticus
- Processus temporalis (os zygomaticus)
- Processus zygomaticus (os temporalis)
- Processus zygomaticus (os frontale)
Name two bones forming symphysis pelvina
- Os ischii
- Os pubis
Name the caudal border of os coxae
- Arcus ischiadicus
State the borders that form foramen obturatum
- Ramus cranialis ossis pubis
- Ramus caudalis ossis pubis
- Ramus ossis ischii
Name the process at the distal extremity of the ulna. Which animal does not possess this structure?
- Processus styloideus ulnae
- Horse
Name two processes at the proximal extremity of the ulane
- Processus anconeus
- Processus coronoideus lateralus et medialis
Give at least 2 examples of flat bones
- Scapula
- Sternum
- Os pubis
- Os ischi
Name the structures (part of the atlas) surrounding foramen vertebrale
- Arcus ventralis
- Arcus dorsalis
How many ribs does a dog have?
- 12 - 14
Name the group of ribs forming arcus costalis
- False ribs
What is the latin name for the true ribs, false ribs and floating ribs
- Costae verae
- Costae spuriae
- Costae fluctuantes
Name the two main parts of rib in latin
- Os costale
- Cartilage costalis
Name the parts of the sternum lying most caudally and cranially
- Caudally - processus xiphoidea
- Cranially - Manubrium sterni
How many vertebrae the os sacrum of the horse and the dog consist of?
- Horse - 5
- Dog - 3
How many lumbar vertebrae does a cow have?
- 6
In which morphotype of dogs the external sagittal crest is reduced or missing?
- Brachycephalic
List all the morphotype of dog
- Brachycephalic
- Mesocephalic
- Dolichocephlic
Name the bones bordering the recessus maxillaris
- Ethmoid bone
- Maxillary bone
- Palatine bone
- Lacrimal bone
Name the notch (in Latin) of the mandible between the processes coronoideus and processus condylaris
- Incisura mandibulae
Name the covering of the outer surface of the skull
- Pericranium
Which segment of the limb does the scapula represent? Name the bone representing the same segment of the pelvic limb
- Zonopodium
- Os coxae
What joint do the humerus and the scapula form?
- Shoulder joint
What bones can be found in the zeugopodium segment of the front limb?
- Ulna and radius
Give two examples of animals having acromion
- Dog
- Cow
What process is present in the acromion of the cat and what process is present in the acromion of dog?
- Cat - Processus suprahamatus
- Dog - Processus hamatus
Name in latin the part where the caput of humerus is joined to
- Cavitas glenoidalis
Name the two parts of the long bone neighbouring with the cartilago epiphysialis
- Epiphysis
- Metaphysis
Give another name to os ungulare
- Os unguiculare
- Distal phalanx
Name two surfaces separated by margo coronalis in os ungulare
- Faceis parietalis
- Faceis articularis
How many bones are there in a proximal row of the canine carpus?
How many in the distal row of the bovine tarsus?
Which of them are fused?
- 3 in proximal row of dog
- 3 in distal row of bovine
- 4th fused with central tarsal and 2nd fused with 3rd in bovine
Name the plane perpendicular to the long axis
- Transverse plane
List two groups of ossa capitis
- Ossa faciei
- Ossa cranii
Name the concavity where the maxillary foramen is. With which foramen does the maxillary foramen form the canalis infraorbitalis
- Fossa pterygopalatina
- Foramen infraorbitale
Name the 3 bones forming palatum osseum
- Os palatinum
- Maxilla
- Os incisivum
Name two bones surrounding the foramen obturatum in latin
- Os ischii
- Os pubis
Name otherwise the middle phalanx in a horse and the distal phalanx in a dog
- Horse - Os coronale
- Dog - Os unguiculare
Does the high part of calcaneus go laterally or medially?
- Laterally
Name 3 major parts of the sternum
- Manubrium sterni
- Corpus sterni
- Processus xiphoideus
What kind of animal has a flat sternum and what kind of animal possesses a sharp bottom sternum?
- Flat bottom - Cow
- Sharp bottom - Horse
Name in latin the type of bone containing the diploe. Give two examples of such bones excluding the skull
- Ossa plan
- Scaplua and sternum
What are the 2 foramens of the mandible? what canal do these two foramens form?
- Foramen mandibulae
- Foramen mentale
- Canalis mandibularis
In which species does the incisura vasorum facialium present?
- Horse
What is the name of the process that is only present in the mandible of the dog?
- Processus angulus
Name the structure that is only present in the cats humerus.
Is this structure present in dog?
- Foramen supracondylare
- Yes
Name the distinct structures that are only present in horses humerus
- Tuberculum intermedium
Name the two fossa’s that are only present in the humerus
- Fossa radialis
- Fossa olecrani
Name in latin the groove that divides the tuberculum majus and tuberculum minus
- Sulcus intertubercularis
Name the structure in the sacrum which articulates with the hip bone
- Facies auricularis
Name two fossa’s present on the distal extremity of the femur
- Fossa extensoria
- Fossa musculi poplitea
- Fossa intercondylaris
Name the bone articulating with the patella
- Caput ulnare
Name the middle phalanx in a horse
- Os coronale
Name the distal phalanx in dogs
- Os unguiculare
Name the species that does not pocess crista nuchae and what structure it is replaced with
- Cow
- Linea nuchae
Protuberantia occipitalis externa is absent in which animals?
- Pig
What animals possess foramen orbitorotundeum?
- Pig and cow
Name the notches that present in the foramen lacerum
- Incisura ovalis
- Incisura carotica
- Incisura spinosa
Where are a) eminentia intercondylaris b) eminentia iliopubica located?
- Tibia
- Os coxae
What is the name of the distinct structure that is only present in horses femur and which side is this structure facing?
- Trochanter tertius
- Lateral
State 2 examples each for brachycephalic and mesocephalic dogs
- Brachycephalic - Pekingese & Pug
- Mesocephalic - Beagles & Golden Retriever
- Dolichocephalic - Greyhound & Irish wolfhound
Name the different parts of the hyoid bone
- Epihyoideum
- Ceratohyoideum
- Thyrohyoideum
- Basihyoideum
- Stylohyoideum
- Typanohyoideum
Name 2 enlargements of the spinal cord
- Intumescentia cervicalis
- Intumescentia lumbalis
Name in latin the space inside the diaphysis and the type of bone tissue forming its wall
- Cavum medullare
- Substantia compacta
Name in latin the type of bone containing the dipole. Give two examples
- Ossa plana (flat bones)
- Sternum and scapula