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Anatomy PQ’s (Nervous System) Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 Nuclei in Tegmentum Mesencephali

A
  • Red Nucleus
  • Substantia Nigra
  • Nuclei of CN III, IV, V, VIII
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2
Q

Name the Nuclei of the Pons

A
  • Chief nucleus of trigeminal nerve (sensory)
  • Motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve
  • Abducens nucleus
  • Facial nerve nucleus
  • Vestibulocohlear nuclei
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3
Q

Name the 3 Lobes of the Cerebellum

A
  • Anterior lobe
  • Posterior lobe
  • Flocculonodular lobe
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4
Q

Name the Nucleus in the Corpus Medullare (Arbor Vitae). What is the Function of that Nucleus?

A
  • Nucleus Fastigi
  • Balance and Voluntary Movement
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5
Q

Where is Bulbus Olfactorius located? What Structure does the Olfactory Tract Border?

A
  • In Fossa Ethmoidalis
  • Trigonum Olfactorium
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6
Q

Name the structures present in Corpus Striatum?

A
  • Caudate Nucleus
  • Claustrum
  • Amygdaloid Body
  • Putamen
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7
Q

Name the Structures present in Corpus Striatum

A
  • Bulbus Olfactorius
  • Tractus Olfactorius
  • Olfactory Peduncles
  • Trigonum Olfactorium
  • Piniform Lobe
  • Hippocampus
  • Corpus Amygdaloideum
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8
Q

Where do Colliculus Rostralis (Rostral Colliculi) and Colliculus Caudalis (Caudal Colliculi) connect to?

A
  • Rostral Colliculi ~> Corpus Geniculatum Lateralis
  • Caudal Colliculi ~> Corpus Geniculatum Medialis
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9
Q

Name the Visual and Hearing Reflex Centres. Where are they located?

A
  • Colliculus Rostralis (Visual)
  • Colliculus Caudals (Hearing)
  • Located at Lectum Mesencephali
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10
Q

Name the structure of the spinal cord where the motor nuclei are situated

A
  • Cornu Ventrale (Ventral Horn)
  • Ventral Column
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11
Q

Name the ventral part of the midbrain

A
  • Pedunculi Cerebri
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12
Q

What are the connections between pons and cerebellum?

A
  • Middle Cerebellar Peduncle
  • Branhium Pontis
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13
Q

Name the part of the Spinal Cord where:
A) Parasympathetic Nuclei
B) Sympathetic Nuclei are Located

A

A) Sacral Spinal Cord
B) Thoracolumbar Spinal Cord

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14
Q

Where can you find the Epidural Cavum?

A
  • Between Dura Mater Spinalis and Periosteum of Canalis Vertebralis
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15
Q

Name 3 structures formed by Substentia Alba in the Medulla Spinalis

A
  • Funiculus Dorsalis
  • Funiculus Lateralis
  • Funiculus Ventralis
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16
Q

What is the function of the VI Cranial Nerve? Through what Foramen does it pass?

A
  • Innervates Lateral Rectus Bulbi Muscles and Refractor Bulbi Muscle
  • Fissura Orbitalis
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17
Q

What is the function of the VII Cranial Nerve? Name the Glands innervated by this

A
  • Motor Fibres to Facial Muscles
  • Lacrimal Gland, Sublingual, Mandibular Salivary Glands
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18
Q

What is the function of the IX Cranial Nerve? What Foramen does it pass through?

A
  • Gag Reflex, Taste Mucosa of the Tongue
  • Foramen Lacerum/Jugularis
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19
Q

What is the function of the X Cranial Nerve? What Foramen does it pass through?

A
  • Parasympathetic Innervates the Viscera of Thoracic and Abdominal Cardiac Plexus
  • Foramen Lacerum/Jugularis
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20
Q

Where is the Hippocampus Located?

A
  • Belongs to Limbic System ~> Memory
  • Located under Cerebral Cortex and in Medial Temporal Lobe in Primates
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21
Q

What Nucleus is found in the Corpus Striatum?

A
  • Caudate Nucleus
  • Lentiform Nucleus
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22
Q

Name all the Major Structures in Diencephalon

A
  • Thalamus
  • Hypothalamus
  • Pituitary Gland
  • Pineal Gland
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23
Q

Name all Parasympathetic Nerves found in the Medulla Oblongata

A
  • N. Glossaphargeus
  • N. Vagus
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24
Q

What Structures surround the Subarachnoid Cavity?

A
  • Pia Mater Spinalis
  • Arachnoidea Spinalis
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25
Q

What is the thickest nerve in the body? Where does it originate?

A
  • N. Ischiadicus
  • Originates from Lumbosacral Plexus
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26
Q

What Nerve Innervates and Controls Internal Organs? Is it associated with the Laryngeal?

A
  • Number X ~> N. Vagus
  • Yes
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27
Q

What is the Largest Nerve in the Forelimb? What muscles does it Innervate?

A
  • N. Radialis
  • M. Triceps Brachii
  • Extensor Muscles of Elbow and Carpal Joint (Name the muscles)
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28
Q

How many nerve pairs of Cervical Nerves are there in the dog?

A
  • 8 Pairs
  • 16 Nerves
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29
Q

What nerves make up the Brachial Plexus?

A
  • Ventral Branches of C6, C7, C8, Th1, Th2
  • N. Suprascapular
  • N. Subscapular
  • N. Musculocutaneous
  • N. Axillary
  • N. Radial
  • N. Median
  • N. Ulanr
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30
Q

Name the Main Parts of the Encephalon

A
  • Telencephalon
  • Diencephalon
  • Mesencephalon
  • Metencephalon
  • Myelencephalon
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31
Q

Cranial and Spinal Nerves are part of which system?

A
  • The Peripheral Nervous System
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32
Q

What does the PNS consist of?

A
  • Nerves and Ganglia outside of the Brain and Spinal Cord
  • Cranial Nerves
  • Spinal Nerves
  • Ganglia
  • Autonomic Nerves
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33
Q

What makes up the CNS?

A
  • The CNS is the part of the nervous system containing the brain and spinal cord
  • Brain (Encephalon)
  • Spinal Cord (Medulla Spinalis)
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34
Q

Give 3 functions of the Nerve System

A
  • Sensory
  • Motor
  • Communicative
  • Integrative
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35
Q

What is the connection between Adjacent Neurons called?

A
  • A Synapse
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36
Q

What are the Meninges of the Spine?

A
  • Dura Mater Spinalis
  • Arachnoidea Mater Spinalis
  • Pia Mater Spinalis
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37
Q

What are the Meninges of the Encephalon

A
  • Dura Mater Encephali
  • Arachnoidea Mater Encephali
  • Pia Mater Encephali
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38
Q

Where is the Falx Cerebri Located?

A
  • In Proximity to the Cribriform Plate and to the Frontal and Ethmoid Sinuses
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39
Q

How is the Arachnoidea Encephali connected with Pia Mater?

A
  • Connected by Arachnoid Trabeculae
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40
Q

What fluid fills the Cavum Subarachnoidale?

A
  • Liquor Cerebrospinalis
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41
Q

What Lig. is formed by Pia Mater?

A

Lig. Denticulatum

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42
Q

In what Cavum is the Encephalon located?

A
  • Cavum Cranii
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43
Q

What is the function of the I Cranial Nerve? Through which Foramen does it pass?

A
  • Sense of smell
  • Foramen Ethmoidale
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44
Q

Name all 4 parts of Telencephalon

A
  • Frontal Lobe (Function - Motor)
  • Parietal Lobe (Function - Auditory)
  • Temporal Lobe (Function - Sensory)
  • Occipital Lobe (Function - Sight)
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45
Q

Name the structure within the Fissura Longitudinalis Cerebri

A
  • Falx Cerebri
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46
Q

What Foramen connects Ventriculus Laterale with Tertius

A
  • Interventricular Foramen (Foramina Interventricularis)
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47
Q

Name all Ventricles in the brain.
What fluid runs in them?

A
  • 2 Lateral Ventricles ~> Ventriculus Laterale
  • Third Ventricle ~> Ventriculus Tertius
  • Fourth Ventricle ~> Ventriculus Quartus
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid
48
Q

What connects the 3rd and 4th Ventricles?

A
  • Cerebral Aqueduct (Aqueductus Cerebri)
49
Q

What structure of Blood Vessels feeds the Brain?

A
  • Circle of Willis
50
Q

Where are Ventriculus Teritus, Chiasma Opticum, Hypophysis located?

A
  • Diencephalon
51
Q

What is the Function of the II Cranial Nerve?
Through which Foramen does it pass through?

A
  • Transmits visual information from eye to the brain
  • Canalis Opticus
52
Q

Name major structures of Metencephalon

A
  • Pons
  • Cerebellum
53
Q

What cranial nerves are found on Fossa Rhomboidea?

A
  • N. Glossaphargeus
54
Q

Where is the Olivary Nuclei located?

A
  • Medulla Oblongata
55
Q

What is the function of the Cerebellum?

A
  • Control balanced and co-ordination of skeletal muscles
56
Q

What is the function of the limbic system?

A
  • Responsible for emotional behavior such as fear, aggression, apparent pleasure
  • Has great input on thirst, hunger, sexual behavior
57
Q

Which part of the Rhinenecphalon is found in the bottom of the lateral ventricle?

A
  • Hippocampus
58
Q

What makes up the Cerebellum?

A
  • Vermis
  • Cerebellar Hemispheres
59
Q

What does the Pia Mater form along the spinal cord?
Name the Ganglion it connects to

A
  • Lig. Denticulatum
  • Spinal Ganglion
60
Q

Name the Sympathetic Ganglion lying close to the head?

A
  • Ganglion Cervicale Craniale
61
Q

What is the function of the Sympathetic nervous system?

A
  • Fight or Flight
  • Maintains homeostasis
62
Q

What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A
  • Rest and Digest
  • Feed and Breed
  • Regulates Unconscious Activity
63
Q

Name the parts of the Metencephalon (Midbrain)

A
  • Pons
  • Cerebellum
  • Vermis
64
Q

Name the Nerve containing the Motor Fibres for the Diaphragm

A
  • N. Phrenicus
65
Q

Name 2 Nerves that come through the Orbital Fissure

A
  • N. III ~> Oculomotor Nerve
  • N. IV ~> Trochlear Nerve
  • N. VI ~> Abducent Nerve
  • N. V ~> N. Opthalmicus (first Branch of N. Trigeminalis)
66
Q

What does the Pia Mater create?

A
  • Lig. Denticulatum
67
Q

Name the Ganglion situated close to the Dorsal root

A
  • Spinal Ganglion
68
Q

What nerve does the Chorda Tympani originate from?
What muscles does it Innervate?

A
  • N. VII ~> Facial Nerve
  • Mimic Muscles e.g. M. Levator Nasolabialis
69
Q

What is the function of the III cranial nerve?
Through which foramen does it pass?

A
  • Superior Levator Muscle of Eyelid
  • Fissura Orbitalis
70
Q

What is a Plexus?

A
  • A Plexus is a network of Nerves or Vesselsin the body
  • E.g. Brachial Plexus, Lumbosacral Plexus
71
Q

What membrane forms Diaphragma Sellae?

A
  • Dura Mater Encephali
72
Q

What does the Brain Stem include?

A
  • Medulla Oblongata
  • Pons
  • Mesencephalon
73
Q

What is the function of the IV Cranial Nerve?
Through which foramen does it pass?

A
  • Innervates Dorsal Oblique Muscle
  • Fissura Orbitlais
74
Q

Name 2 branches of the Plexus Ischiadicus?

A
  • N. Tibialis
  • N. Fibularis Communis
75
Q

Name the type of Nerve Fiber which form the Spinal Nerves

A
  • Afferent (to Dorsal Root)
  • Efferent (from Ventral Root)
  • Autonomous (to Ventral Root)
76
Q

What is the name of the Ganglion going to the Heart?
What is its affect on the Heart?

A
  • Stellate (Cervicothoracic Ganglion)
  • Increases Heart Rate
77
Q

What structures surround the 3rd Ventricle?

A
  • Diencephalon
  • Thalamus
78
Q

What is the Corpus Callosum?

A
  • White Matter Structure
  • The Corpus Callosum enables the 2 Hemispheres to function coherently as a single cognitive centre
79
Q

What is the function of the VIII Cranial Nerve?
What Foramen does it pass through?

A
  • Balance, Hearing
  • Foramen Ovale
80
Q

What is the Ventral Branch of the Thoracic Nerve also known as?

A
  • Nn. Intercostales
81
Q

Name the nerve that runs in the Mandibular Canal.
What muscle does it Innervate to do with Facial Expression?

A
  • N. Alveolaris Inferiorus
  • M. Depressor Nasi Labii
82
Q

What makes up the Cerebellum?

A
  • Left and Right Hemisphere
  • Vermis
  • Arbor Vitae
83
Q

Where can you find a Nucleus?

A
  • Deep within the Cerebral Hemisphere and Brainstem
84
Q

What sinuses are located between the 2 layers of the Dura Mater Encephali?

A
  • Dural Venous Sinuses
85
Q

Name all the parts of the Medulla Spinalis

A
  • Pars Cervicalis
  • Pars Thoracica
  • Pars Lumbalis
  • Pars Sacralis
  • Pars Caudalis
86
Q

Name 2 enlargements in the Spinal Cord

A
  • Intumescentia Cervicalis
  • Intumescentia Lumbalis
87
Q

Name 3 Cornu formed by Substentia Grisea

A
  • Cornu Dorsale
  • Cornu Ventrale
  • Cornu Laterale
    (Also has Canalis Centralis and Comissura Grisea)
88
Q

What Truncus is formed by N. Vagus with Truncus Sympathicus?

A
  • Truncus Vagosympaticus
89
Q

Name the Brain Structures for Emotional Behaviour

A
  • The Limbic System
  • Hypothalamus
  • Hippocampus
  • Amygdala
90
Q

What is the function of the Corpus Striatum?

A
  • Voluntary Movement
91
Q

What is the function of Medulla Oblongata?

A
  • Co-ordinate Respiration and Circulation
92
Q

What is Corpus Striatum?
Which part of the brain does it belong to?

A
  • Accumulation of Grey Matter embedded within the White Matter
  • Found in Telencephalon
93
Q

What is the function of the Corpus Striatum?

A
  • Produces appropriate Direction and Magnitude of Movement
94
Q

Name the Dorsal and Core part of the Mid Brain

A
  • Dorsal ~> Tectum Mesencephali
  • Core ~> Tegmentum Mesencephali
95
Q

Name the main structure of the Epithalamus and describe its function

A
  • Pineal Gland
    ~ Secrets Melatonin
    ~ Regulates Sexual Activities
    ~ Sleep-wakefulness Cycle
  • Habnualr Nucleus
    ~ Olfactory Pathway
96
Q

Name the part of the Hemisphere marked by Gyri and Sulci Cerebri

A
  • Neopallium (in Grey Matter)
97
Q

What type of Cells are Ependymal Cells?

A
  • Subgroup of Glial Cells
98
Q

Name the 3 Papium of the Cerebrum

A
  • Paleopallium
  • Archipallium
  • Neopallium
99
Q

What is the function of Pons and Mesencephalon (Midbrain)?

A
  • Pons
    ~ Controls Motor Function of Body
  • Mesencephalon
    ~ Responsible for Coordination of Voluntary Movement
100
Q

Name 2 structures at the bottom of the Lateral Ventricle and the structure it separates

A
  • Hippocampus
  • Caudate Nucleus
  • Separates Caudaul Commissure
101
Q

Where is the Tentorium Cerebelli Membranaceum located?

A
  • Covers the top of the Cerebellum
  • Supports the Occipital Lobes of the Brain
102
Q

What is the function of the XII Cranial Nerve? What canal does it pass through?

A
  • Lingual Muscle ~> Muscles of the tongue
  • Canalis Nervi Hypoglossi
103
Q

Name 4 enlargements of the Cavum Subarachnoidale

A
  • Cisterna Cerebromedullaris
  • Cisterna Chiasmatis
  • Cisterna Interpeduncularis
  • Cisterna Vallecule Lateralis Cerebri
104
Q

What Lig. connects to Dura Mater Spinalis?

A
  • Dorsal Longitudinal Ligament
105
Q

Name 2 Fasciculus formed by Funiculus Dorsalis

A
  • Fasciculus Gracilis
  • Fasciculus Cuneatus
106
Q

Name 3 sulcus and the name of the Fissura created by Substantia Alba in Medulla Spinalis

A
  • Sulcus Medianus
  • Sulcus Lateralis Dorsalis
  • Sulcus Lateralis Ventralis
  • Fissura Mediana
107
Q

List major structures of the Mesencephalon

A
  • Tectum
  • Tegmentum
  • Cerebral Aqueduct
  • Cerebral Peduncles
108
Q

Name 2 folds of Dura Mater Encephali.
Name the Fissures which the named folds occupy.

A
  • Tentorium Cerebelli Membranaceum
  • Falx Cerebri
  • Fissura Longitudinalis Cerebri
  • Fissura Transversus Cerebri
109
Q

Name one of the main parts of the Brain (Encephalon) in which the Corpus Striatum lies.
Name precisely the structures of the Corpus Striatum which lies at the Rostral part of the floor of the Lateral Ventricle

A

There was no answer

110
Q

Give the name and number of the Nerve Innervating organs of the Abdominal Cavity

A

There was no answer

111
Q

Name the Nerve and Blood Vessel that passes through it

A
  • N. Infraorbitalis
  • A. Infraorbitalis
112
Q

Name the biggest Nerve of the Forelimb and what does it Innervate?

A
  • N. Radialis
  • Innervates Extensors e.g. M. Triceps Brachii
113
Q

Which Nerve branches into the Lingual Nerve, and which muscles does it Innervate?

A
  • N. Linguofacialis
    ~ N. Lingualis Innervates Tongue
    ~ N. Facialis Innervates Mimic Muscles
114
Q

What Nerve supplies Motor Innervations to the tongue and where do its Nuclei lie in the brain?

A
  • N. Hypoglossi (XII)
  • Medulla Oblongata of Mylencephalon
115
Q

Name the 2 subdivisions of the N. Ischiadicus

A
  • N. Tibialis
  • N. Peroneus Communis
116
Q

Name the thickest nerve in the Thoracic Limb and give an example of a muscle which it Innervates

A
  • N. Radialis
  • M. Anconeus & M. Triceps Brachii

Anatomy SGGW (14 decks)

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