Anatomy PQ’s (Cardiology) Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 lymph nodes of lymphocentrum mediastinale (thorax)

A
  • Lnn. Mediastinales Craniales
  • Lnn. Mediastinales Caudales
  • Lnn. Mediastinales Medii
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2
Q

Name the layers of the pericardium

A
  • Pleura pericardiaca
  • Pericardium Fibrosum
  • Pericardium Seroseum (Lamina parietalis/visceralis) [Lamina parietalis pericardii serosi & Lamina visceralis pericardii serosi]
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3
Q

Name the cavity between Lamina parietalis and visceralis

A
  • Cavum pericardii
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4
Q

Name the 2 arteries leaving the acrus aortae, directly in the dog

A
  • Truncus brachiocephalicus
  • Left subclavian artery (A. Subclavia sinistra)
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5
Q

Name the artery useful for pulse examination in large animals

A
  • A. Fascialis
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6
Q

Name the superficial vein of the neck useful for blood collecting

A
  • V. Jugularis externa
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7
Q

Name 2 unpaired branches of aorta abdominalis

A
  • Celiac artery
  • Cranial mesenteric artery
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8
Q

Name the most cranial part of the diaphragm

A
  • Cupula diaphragmatis
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9
Q

Name the serous membrane that surrounds the thoracic cavity

A
  • Pleura
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10
Q

Name the layer of tissue that encloses the heart? Name the next layer that covers A

A
  • Pericardium
  • Pleura pericardiaca
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11
Q

Describe the location of the heart precisely

A
  • Middle mediastinum
  • Lower part of the thoracic cavity
  • 3/5 of its mass is left of medial plane (60%)
  • 5/7 in ruminants
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12
Q

Name the vessel receiving blood from the femoral artery, and name the vessels receiving blood from the femoral vein

A
  • Artery > A. Poplitea
  • Vein > V. Iliaca externa
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13
Q

What vein drain the intestines ?

A
  • Messenteric Vein
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14
Q

Name 2 branches of a subclavia

A
  • A. Suprascapularis
  • A. Thoracica externa
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15
Q

Name the large lymphatic vessel passing through the hiatus aorticus and entering the V. Cava Cranialis or to the V. Jugularis externa

A
  • Ductus Thoracicus
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16
Q

Name 2 main lymph collecting ducts and underline which one goes directly through hiatus aorticus

A
  • Ductus Thoracicus (underlined)
  • Ductus lymphaticus dexter
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17
Q

Name 2 superficial veins in the pelvic limb and underline the bigger one in the horse

A
  • V. Saphena (underlined)
  • V. Femoralis
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18
Q

Name the surfaces of the spleen and what structures do they border?

A
  • Fascia gastrica > stomach
  • Fascia parietalis > diaphragm
  • Fascia visceralis > intestines
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19
Q

Name the 2 extremities of the spleen

A
  • Dorsal extremity
  • Ventral extremity
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20
Q

Name the vein accompanying the aorta Thoracica in the dog

A
  • V. Azygos dextra
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21
Q

Where does the vein from the organs flow into?

A
  • Vena cava caudale
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22
Q

How is the aortic arch attached to the pulmonary trunk?

A
  • Lig. Arteriosum (reminants of the ductus arteriosus)
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23
Q

Where would you take a horses pulse?

A
  • A. Fascialis
  • A. Metatarsa dorsalis
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24
Q

Name 2 branches of the carotis externa

A
  • A. Maxillares
  • Truncus linguofacialis
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25
Q

Name at least 2 lymph nodes from territory of abdominal cavity

A
  • Lnn. Renales
  • Lnn. Gastrici
  • Lnn. Lienales
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26
Q

What sends impulses to contract the right side of the heart?

A
  • Sinoatrial node
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27
Q

Name in Latin the groove running between atria and ventricles

A
  • Sulcus coronarius
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28
Q

Name the 3 layers of the vein laterally

A
  • Tunica adventitia
  • Tunica media
  • Tunica intima
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29
Q

Name 2 lymph centres draining organs of thoracic cavity

A
  • Lnn. Thoracicum dorsale
  • Lnn. Thoracicum ventrale
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30
Q

Give 2 examples of lymph nodes from lymphocentrum branchale

A
  • Lnn. Pulmonales
  • Lnn. Tracheobronchales medii
  • Lnn. Tracheobronchales craniales
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31
Q

Name 3 parts of the facies visceralis lienis

A
  • Facies Renalis
  • Facies gastrica
  • Facies intestinalis
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32
Q

What connects musculi papillares to the walls of the heart?

A
  • Chordae tendinae
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33
Q

Name the fibres that support ostium atrioventricularis sinistra

A
  • Anulus fibrosus atrioventricularis sinistra
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34
Q

What bypasses capillary beds?

A
  • Arteriovenous Anastomosis
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35
Q

Name the valves between the right atrium and ventricle and their cusps

A
  • Tricuspid valve (right atrioventricular valve)
    + Cuspis parietalis
    + Cuspis septalis
    + Cuspis angularis
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36
Q

What stops the back flow of blood in veins?

A
  • Valvulae venosae
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37
Q

Name the structure which separates the right ventricle from the left ventricle

A
  • Septum Interventricularis
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38
Q

Name the 3 layers of the cardiac wall

A
  • Epicardium
  • Myocardium
  • Pericardium
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39
Q

Name the fibres in the wall of the heart for contraction

A
  • Purkinje fibres
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40
Q

What sends impulses to the purkinje fibres?

A
  • Atrioventricular node
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41
Q

Name the blood vessel formed by the fusion of the V. Iliaca interna and V. Iliaca externa

A
  • V. Iliaca communis
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42
Q

Name in Latin the structure connecting the pericardial sac, with the diaphragm in a dog

A
  • Lig. Phrenicopericardium
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43
Q

Name 3 types of capillaries

A
  • Continuous
  • Fenestrated
  • Sinusoidal
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44
Q

Name the opening between the left atrium and ventricles

A
  • Ostium atrioventricular sinistra
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45
Q

Name the structure separating the left and right ventricles

A
  • Ventricular septum
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46
Q

Name the structure forming a ligament with fibrous pericardium in dogs

A
  • Lig. Phrenicopericardium
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47
Q

Name the direct continuation of A. Poplitea

A
  • A. Tibialis cranialis
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48
Q

What artery is blood pumped through to go into the body

A
  • Aorta
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49
Q

Name the surface of the spleen opposite to facies parietalis

A
  • Facies visceralis (visceral surface)
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50
Q

What divides the Left and right septum?

A
  • Interventricular septum
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51
Q

Give 2 examples of lymph nodes from lymphocentrum bronchale

A
  • Lnn. Tracehobronchales dextrii
  • Lnn. Tracehobronchales sinistri
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52
Q

Name the opening between the left atrium and ventricle

A
  • Ostium atrioventriculare sinistra
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53
Q

Name the fibres in the wall of the heart for contraction

A
  • Purkinje fibres
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54
Q

What muscles open and close valves of the heart?

A
  • Musculi popillares
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55
Q

What makes up the aorta valve?

A
  • Right, left and septal semilunar cusps
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56
Q

Name 2 trunks forming cisterna chyli

A
  • Trunci lumbales
  • Trunci visceralis
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57
Q

What makes up the pulmonary valve?

A
  • Right, left and intermediate semilunar cusps
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58
Q

Name in Latin the vessel leaving the right ventricle

A
  • Truncus pulmonalis
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59
Q

What makes up the endocardium?

A
  • Smooth endothelium
  • Loose connective tissue
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60
Q

What makes up the myocardium?

A
  • Cardiac muscle
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61
Q

What makes up the epicardium?

A
  • Mesothelium
  • Loose connective tissue
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62
Q

Name the valve between the left atrium and ventricle and their cusps

A
  • Bicuspid valve (left atrioventricular valve)
  • Cuspis parietalis
  • Cuspis septalis
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63
Q

Which animal have V. Azygos sinistra?

A
  • Ox & Pig
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64
Q

What artery is blood pumped through to go to the lungs?

A
  • Pulmonary trunk
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65
Q

What ligament connects the spleen to the stomach?

A
  • Lig. Gastricolienale
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66
Q

Name 2 semi-lunar valves

A
  • Valva Aortae
  • Valva Trunci Pulmonaris
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67
Q

Name 2 arteries of the heart

A
  • Left coronary artery
  • Right coronary artery
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68
Q

Name in Latin 2 main lymph collecting ducts

A
  • Ductus Thoracicus
  • Ductus lymphaticus dextra
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69
Q

What is the main vein in the pelvic limb for injections?

A
  • Vena saphena lateralis
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70
Q

Name the extension of cavum pericardii that’s between the aorta and pulmonary trunk

A
  • Sinus transcersus pericardii
71
Q

List the 3 cavity’s in the body

A
  • Thoracic
  • Abdominal
  • Pelvic
72
Q

Name the muscles on the septum

A
  • Musculi papillaris parvi
73
Q

Name the muscles on the outer wall of the heart

A
  • Musculi papillaris magnus
74
Q

From what artery does A. Infraorbitalis arise from?

A
  • A. Maxillaris
75
Q

Name the opening between the right atrium and ventricle

A
  • Osteum atrioventricular dextrum
76
Q

Name the network of small blood vessels that supply the large blood vessels

A
  • Vasa vasorum
77
Q

Name 2 bones in the heart

A
  • Ossa cordis (right and left cardiac bones)
78
Q

Name the structures where semilunar valves are located

A
  • Aorta and Pulmonary Trunk
79
Q

Name the sinus within the right atrium

A
  • Sinus coronarius
80
Q

Name the arteries of the heart

A
  • Arteria coronaries sinistra and dextra
81
Q

Name 2 branches of the A. Axillares

A
  • A. Subscapularis
  • A. Circumflexa humeri cranialis
82
Q

Name the last branch of the A. Axillaris

A
  • A. Circumflexa humeri cranialis
83
Q

What structure keeps the body at certain temperature?

A
  • Rete mirable
84
Q

Name the branches of a coeliaca

A
  • Left gastric artery
  • Right gastric artery
  • Splenic artery
85
Q

What is the continuation of the external carotid artery?

A
  • A. Maxillaris
86
Q

List 2 animals having the Truncus bicaroticus

A
  • Cow & Horse
87
Q

Name the direct continuation of the A. Poplitea. Is it muscular or elastic?

A
  • A. Tibialis cranialis
  • Muscular
88
Q

Name 2 nodes of the conducting system of the heart

A
  • SA (Sino-Atrial) and AV (atrioventricular) nodes
89
Q

What is the structure in the centre of the diaphragm?

A
  • Centrum tendineum
90
Q

What widens at the base of the aorta?

A
  • Bulbulus aortae
91
Q

What is the name given to 3 dilations of the aortic wall?

A
  • Sinus aortae
92
Q

What arteries lie in the infraorbital canal?

A
  • A. Infraorbitalis
93
Q

Name the fibres that support ostium atrioventriculare sinistra

A
  • Anulus fibrosum atrioventricularis sinister
94
Q

Name the fibres that support ostium atrioventriculare dextrum

A
  • Anulus fibrosum atrioventricularis dexter
95
Q

Name the muscles of the septum of the heart

A
  • Papillary muscles
  • Musculus papillaris subarteriosus
96
Q

What is the name of the space in the diaphragm that the aorta runs through?

A
  • Hiatus aortica
97
Q

Name the fibres that support ostium trunci pulmonaris

A
  • Anulus fibrosus trunci pulmonaris
98
Q

What are the branches of the aortic arch in the dog?

A
  • Brachiocephalic trunk (truncus brachiocephalicus)
  • Left subclavian artery (A. Subclavia sinistera)
99
Q

Name 2 veins forming the v. iliaca communis

A
  • V. Iliaca externa
  • V. Iliaca interna
100
Q

Name 2 unpaired arteries discharging from the aorta abdominalis

A
  • A. Celiaca
  • A. Messenterica cranialis
101
Q

Name the endothelial extension of the veins tunica interna, preventing blood from flowing backwards

A
  • Valvulae venosae
102
Q

Where is the heart situated/positioned in; Horse, Cow, Pig, Dog, Cat

A
  • Horse: 2nd space -> 6th space
  • Cow: 2nd space -> 5th space
  • Pig: 3rd rib -> 6th space
  • Dog: 2nd rib -> 5th rib
  • Cat: 4th space -> 7th rib
103
Q

Name the structure that replaces the Lig. Sternopericardiacum in carnivores

A
  • Lig. Phrenicopericardiacum
104
Q

Name precisely the place where the heart is located

A
  • Left of the median plane (60%) (5/7 ruminants)
105
Q

Name the superficial vein of the neck useful for blood collection

A
  • V. Jugularis externa
106
Q

What is the termination of the abdominal aorta?

A
  • Left and right common iliac arteries = external and internal iliac arteries
107
Q

Name the ligament which connects the pericardium to the sternum in horse, dog, ruminants

A
  • Horse: Lig. Sternopericardiacum
  • Dog: Lig. Phrenicopericardiacum
  • Ruminants: Ligg. Sternopericardiaca
108
Q

Place in diaphragm that the vena cava runs through

A
  • Foramen vena cava
109
Q

What is the main vein in the thoracic limb for injection?

A
  • Vena cephalica
110
Q

Name the starting parts of the aorta

A
  • Aortic arch
  • Ascending aorta
  • Descending aorta
111
Q

What’s the name of the space in the diaphragm that the oesophagus runs through?

A
  • Hiatus oesophagus
112
Q

Name precisely the outer layer of the heart

A
  • Epicardium
113
Q

Name the place where blood vessels enter the spleen

A
  • Hilus
114
Q

Name the blood vessels of the spleen

A
  • Splenic artery and vein
115
Q

Name 3 lymph node of lymphocentrum cervicale profundum

A
  • Lnn. Cervicales profundi craniales, medii, et caudales
116
Q

Name 3 main parts of the diaphragm

A
  • pars lumbalis (crus dextrum/sinistrum)
  • pars costalis
  • pars sternalis
117
Q

Name 3 essential parts of the aorta

A
  • aorta ascendens
  • aorta descendens
  • arcus aortae
118
Q

Give 4 arteries in the abdominal cavity

A
  • A. Celiaca
  • A. Mesenterica cranialis
  • A. Renalis
  • A. Ovaria / testicularis
  • A. Mesenterica caudalis
119
Q

Which artery runs to the kidneys?

A
  • Renal artery
120
Q

Which artery runs to the liver?

A
  • Hepatic artery
121
Q

Which artery runs in the mandibular notch?

A
  • A. Facialis
122
Q

Which organ do the following run to;
- splenic artery
- hepatic artery
- left gastric artery

A
  • Splenic -> spleen
  • Hepatic -> liver
  • Gastric -> stomach
123
Q

Name the structure limiting the cavum pericardii

A
  • Epicardium (Lamina visceralis)
  • Pericardicum (Lamina parietalis)
  • Serosum
124
Q

What vein curves across the right aspect of the trachea and oesophagus?

A
  • Vena Azygos dextra
125
Q

What is responsible for the overall control of blood distribution and pressure?

A
  • The vasometer centre in the medulla oblongata
126
Q

From which heart chamber arises the truncus pulmonaris?

A
  • Right ventricle
127
Q

Name 2 main lymph centres of the thoracic cavity

A
  • Lymphocentrum thoracicum dorsale
  • Lymphocentrum thoracicum ventrale
128
Q

Name the cusps of Valva atrioventricularis dextra

A
  • Cuspis Angularis
  • Cuspis Septalis
  • Cuspis Parietalis
129
Q

What other 2 vessels apart from the aorta pass through the hiatus aorticus?

A
  • V. Azygos
  • Thoracic duct
130
Q

What myocardial ridges are found on the ventral part of the right ventricle, reducing blood turbulence?

A
  • Trabeculae carneae
131
Q

Name in Latin the only branch of arcus aortae in a horse

A
  • Truncus brachiocephalicus
132
Q

Name 3 unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta and underline the one that supplies blood to stomach

A
  • A. Celiaca (underlined)
  • A. Mesenterica caudalis
  • A. Mesenterica cranialis
133
Q

Name in Latin the groove visible on the facies auricularis

A
  • Sulcus interventricularis paraconalis (left interventricular groove)
134
Q

Name two vessels lying in incisura vasorum facialium

A
  • A. Fascialis
  • Parotid duct
135
Q

Give 3 branches of the celiac artery

A
  • Splenic artery
  • Hepatic artery
  • Left gastric artery
136
Q

From which vessels arises the A. Bronchoesophagea?

A
  • Aorta
137
Q

Which artery runs to the pelvic limb?

A
  • External iliac artery
138
Q

Name the surface of the heart located on the left side of the thorax

A
  • Auricular surface
139
Q

Name 3 blood vessels enclosed in the mediastinum craniale

A
  • brachiocephali trunk
  • Left subclavian artery
140
Q

What chamber of the heart is a) sinus coronaries b) trabeculae corneae located?

A
  • a) right atrium
  • b) left ventricle
141
Q

Which artery runs to the pelvic cavity?

A
  • iliac artery
142
Q

Name the groove observed on the left side of the heart

A
  • Sulcus interventricularis paraconalis
143
Q

Give the main branch of the vena femoralis caudalis

A
  • Vena saphena lateralis
144
Q

Name the muscular parts of the diaphragm surrounding centrum tendineum

A
  • Pars sternalis
  • Pars costalis
  • Pars lumbalis
145
Q

Name 2 lymph nodes in the head

A
  • Lnn. Parotid
  • Lnn. Mandibularis
146
Q

Name the main arteries in the forelimb

A
  • Subclavian -> axillary -> brachial -> median -> palmar communis digitalis -> palmar medial/lateral
147
Q

Is truncus bicarotis present in the dog?

A
  • No
148
Q

Name the continuation of the vena poplitea

A
  • Vena femoralis
149
Q

Which artery runs to the ribs from the aorta?

A

Aa. Intercostales dorsales

150
Q

What vein does the blood flow directly from the vena poplitea?

A
  • V. Femoris
151
Q

Which artery runs to the ribs from the left subclavian artery?

A
  • Aa. Intercostales ventrales
152
Q

Name the morphological structure accompanying aorta abdominalis

A
  • Caudal vena cava
153
Q

What structure supplies blood to the head?

A
  • Circle of Willis
154
Q

Name the vessel, carrying the blood from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver

A
  • A. Celia
155
Q

Name the main vein in the skull

A
  • External jugular vein
156
Q

Name 3 lobes of the thymus

A
  • Cervical lobe - lobus cervicalis sinister et dexter
  • Intermediate lobe - lobus intermedius
  • Thoracic lobe - lobus thoracicus
157
Q

Name the faces of the heart, which is most outermost

A
  • Right face - facies atrialis
  • Left face - facies auricularis
158
Q

Which structures are interconnected by chordae tendineae?

A
  • cusps
159
Q

Name at least 2 lymph nodes from territory of abdominal cavity

A
  • Lnn. Renales
  • Lnn. Hepatici
160
Q

Which organs are located in the caudal mediastinum?

A
  • Aorta
  • Oesophagus
  • Caudal vena cava
161
Q

Give the branches of linguofacial trunk

A
  • A. Lingualis
  • A. Fascialis
162
Q

Name 2 nodes of the conducting system of the heart

A
  • Nodus sinusatriolaris
  • Nodus atrioventricularis
163
Q

Give 2 main branches of vena femoralis

A
  • Vena saphena magna et medialis
164
Q

Give 3 arteries and veins that can be found in the popliteal region of the horse

A
  • A. + V. Poplitea
  • A. + V. Femoralis
  • A. + V. Saphena
165
Q

Name in Latin one opening containing the Valva semilunaris

A
  • Ostium aortae
  • Ostium trunci pulmonaris
166
Q

Name two branches of A. Brachalis

A

A. Bicipitalis
A. Profunda brachii

167
Q

Where does the external jugular vein run to?

A
  • Vena cava cranialis
168
Q

Name structures located in the lumbar part of the diaphragm

A
  • Aorta
  • V. Azygos
  • Ductus thoracicus
  • oesophagus
169
Q

Name the segmented branches of aorta thoracica supplying the thoracic wall

A
  • Aa. Intercostales dorsales
170
Q

What is sinus transversus pericardii?

A
  • Tunnel shaped extension of cavum pericardii between the united aorta and truncus pulmonalis, and the concave wall parts of adjacent atria
171
Q

What vessel takes blood from the GI tract to the liber and which vessel supplies the liber with oxygenated blood?

A
  • Vena portae hepatis
  • A. Hepatica
172
Q

Name the surface of the heart located on the right side of the thorax

A
  • Facies atrialis
173
Q

Cavum pericardium lies between what?

A
  • Lamina parietalis and Lamina visceralis of pericardium serosum