Anatomy PQ’s (Cardiology) Flashcards
Name 3 lymph nodes of lymphocentrum mediastinale (thorax)
- Lnn. Mediastinales Craniales
- Lnn. Mediastinales Caudales
- Lnn. Mediastinales Medii
Name the layers of the pericardium
- Pleura pericardiaca
- Pericardium Fibrosum
- Pericardium Seroseum (Lamina parietalis/visceralis) [Lamina parietalis pericardii serosi & Lamina visceralis pericardii serosi]
Name the cavity between Lamina parietalis and visceralis
- Cavum pericardii
Name the 2 arteries leaving the acrus aortae, directly in the dog
- Truncus brachiocephalicus
- Left subclavian artery (A. Subclavia sinistra)
Name the artery useful for pulse examination in large animals
- A. Fascialis
Name the superficial vein of the neck useful for blood collecting
- V. Jugularis externa
Name 2 unpaired branches of aorta abdominalis
- Celiac artery
- Cranial mesenteric artery
Name the most cranial part of the diaphragm
- Cupula diaphragmatis
Name the serous membrane that surrounds the thoracic cavity
- Pleura
Name the layer of tissue that encloses the heart? Name the next layer that covers A
- Pericardium
- Pleura pericardiaca
Describe the location of the heart precisely
- Middle mediastinum
- Lower part of the thoracic cavity
- 3/5 of its mass is left of medial plane (60%)
- 5/7 in ruminants
Name the vessel receiving blood from the femoral artery, and name the vessels receiving blood from the femoral vein
- Artery > A. Poplitea
- Vein > V. Iliaca externa
What vein drain the intestines ?
- Messenteric Vein
Name 2 branches of a subclavia
- A. Suprascapularis
- A. Thoracica externa
Name the large lymphatic vessel passing through the hiatus aorticus and entering the V. Cava Cranialis or to the V. Jugularis externa
- Ductus Thoracicus
Name 2 main lymph collecting ducts and underline which one goes directly through hiatus aorticus
- Ductus Thoracicus (underlined)
- Ductus lymphaticus dexter
Name 2 superficial veins in the pelvic limb and underline the bigger one in the horse
- V. Saphena (underlined)
- V. Femoralis
Name the surfaces of the spleen and what structures do they border?
- Fascia gastrica > stomach
- Fascia parietalis > diaphragm
- Fascia visceralis > intestines
Name the 2 extremities of the spleen
- Dorsal extremity
- Ventral extremity
Name the vein accompanying the aorta Thoracica in the dog
- V. Azygos dextra
Where does the vein from the organs flow into?
- Vena cava caudale
How is the aortic arch attached to the pulmonary trunk?
- Lig. Arteriosum (reminants of the ductus arteriosus)
Where would you take a horses pulse?
- A. Fascialis
- A. Metatarsa dorsalis
Name 2 branches of the carotis externa
- A. Maxillares
- Truncus linguofacialis
Name at least 2 lymph nodes from territory of abdominal cavity
- Lnn. Renales
- Lnn. Gastrici
- Lnn. Lienales
What sends impulses to contract the right side of the heart?
- Sinoatrial node
Name in Latin the groove running between atria and ventricles
- Sulcus coronarius
Name the 3 layers of the vein laterally
- Tunica adventitia
- Tunica media
- Tunica intima
Name 2 lymph centres draining organs of thoracic cavity
- Lnn. Thoracicum dorsale
- Lnn. Thoracicum ventrale
Give 2 examples of lymph nodes from lymphocentrum branchale
- Lnn. Pulmonales
- Lnn. Tracheobronchales medii
- Lnn. Tracheobronchales craniales
Name 3 parts of the facies visceralis lienis
- Facies Renalis
- Facies gastrica
- Facies intestinalis
What connects musculi papillares to the walls of the heart?
- Chordae tendinae
Name the fibres that support ostium atrioventricularis sinistra
- Anulus fibrosus atrioventricularis sinistra
What bypasses capillary beds?
- Arteriovenous Anastomosis
Name the valves between the right atrium and ventricle and their cusps
- Tricuspid valve (right atrioventricular valve)
+ Cuspis parietalis
+ Cuspis septalis
+ Cuspis angularis
What stops the back flow of blood in veins?
- Valvulae venosae
Name the structure which separates the right ventricle from the left ventricle
- Septum Interventricularis
Name the 3 layers of the cardiac wall
- Epicardium
- Myocardium
- Pericardium
Name the fibres in the wall of the heart for contraction
- Purkinje fibres
What sends impulses to the purkinje fibres?
- Atrioventricular node
Name the blood vessel formed by the fusion of the V. Iliaca interna and V. Iliaca externa
- V. Iliaca communis
Name in Latin the structure connecting the pericardial sac, with the diaphragm in a dog
- Lig. Phrenicopericardium
Name 3 types of capillaries
- Continuous
- Fenestrated
- Sinusoidal
Name the opening between the left atrium and ventricles
- Ostium atrioventricular sinistra
Name the structure separating the left and right ventricles
- Ventricular septum
Name the structure forming a ligament with fibrous pericardium in dogs
- Lig. Phrenicopericardium
Name the direct continuation of A. Poplitea
- A. Tibialis cranialis
What artery is blood pumped through to go into the body
- Aorta
Name the surface of the spleen opposite to facies parietalis
- Facies visceralis (visceral surface)
What divides the Left and right septum?
- Interventricular septum
Give 2 examples of lymph nodes from lymphocentrum bronchale
- Lnn. Tracehobronchales dextrii
- Lnn. Tracehobronchales sinistri
Name the opening between the left atrium and ventricle
- Ostium atrioventriculare sinistra
Name the fibres in the wall of the heart for contraction
- Purkinje fibres
What muscles open and close valves of the heart?
- Musculi popillares
What makes up the aorta valve?
- Right, left and septal semilunar cusps
Name 2 trunks forming cisterna chyli
- Trunci lumbales
- Trunci visceralis
What makes up the pulmonary valve?
- Right, left and intermediate semilunar cusps
Name in Latin the vessel leaving the right ventricle
- Truncus pulmonalis
What makes up the endocardium?
- Smooth endothelium
- Loose connective tissue
What makes up the myocardium?
- Cardiac muscle
What makes up the epicardium?
- Mesothelium
- Loose connective tissue
Name the valve between the left atrium and ventricle and their cusps
- Bicuspid valve (left atrioventricular valve)
- Cuspis parietalis
- Cuspis septalis
Which animal have V. Azygos sinistra?
- Ox & Pig
What artery is blood pumped through to go to the lungs?
- Pulmonary trunk
What ligament connects the spleen to the stomach?
- Lig. Gastricolienale
Name 2 semi-lunar valves
- Valva Aortae
- Valva Trunci Pulmonaris
Name 2 arteries of the heart
- Left coronary artery
- Right coronary artery
Name in Latin 2 main lymph collecting ducts
- Ductus Thoracicus
- Ductus lymphaticus dextra
What is the main vein in the pelvic limb for injections?
- Vena saphena lateralis
Name the extension of cavum pericardii that’s between the aorta and pulmonary trunk
- Sinus transcersus pericardii
List the 3 cavity’s in the body
- Thoracic
- Abdominal
- Pelvic
Name the muscles on the septum
- Musculi papillaris parvi
Name the muscles on the outer wall of the heart
- Musculi papillaris magnus
From what artery does A. Infraorbitalis arise from?
- A. Maxillaris
Name the opening between the right atrium and ventricle
- Osteum atrioventricular dextrum
Name the network of small blood vessels that supply the large blood vessels
- Vasa vasorum
Name 2 bones in the heart
- Ossa cordis (right and left cardiac bones)
Name the structures where semilunar valves are located
- Aorta and Pulmonary Trunk
Name the sinus within the right atrium
- Sinus coronarius
Name the arteries of the heart
- Arteria coronaries sinistra and dextra
Name 2 branches of the A. Axillares
- A. Subscapularis
- A. Circumflexa humeri cranialis
Name the last branch of the A. Axillaris
- A. Circumflexa humeri cranialis
What structure keeps the body at certain temperature?
- Rete mirable
Name the branches of a coeliaca
- Left gastric artery
- Right gastric artery
- Splenic artery
What is the continuation of the external carotid artery?
- A. Maxillaris
List 2 animals having the Truncus bicaroticus
- Cow & Horse
Name the direct continuation of the A. Poplitea. Is it muscular or elastic?
- A. Tibialis cranialis
- Muscular
Name 2 nodes of the conducting system of the heart
- SA (Sino-Atrial) and AV (atrioventricular) nodes
What is the structure in the centre of the diaphragm?
- Centrum tendineum
What widens at the base of the aorta?
- Bulbulus aortae
What is the name given to 3 dilations of the aortic wall?
- Sinus aortae
What arteries lie in the infraorbital canal?
- A. Infraorbitalis
Name the fibres that support ostium atrioventriculare sinistra
- Anulus fibrosum atrioventricularis sinister
Name the fibres that support ostium atrioventriculare dextrum
- Anulus fibrosum atrioventricularis dexter
Name the muscles of the septum of the heart
- Papillary muscles
- Musculus papillaris subarteriosus
What is the name of the space in the diaphragm that the aorta runs through?
- Hiatus aortica
Name the fibres that support ostium trunci pulmonaris
- Anulus fibrosus trunci pulmonaris
What are the branches of the aortic arch in the dog?
- Brachiocephalic trunk (truncus brachiocephalicus)
- Left subclavian artery (A. Subclavia sinistera)
Name 2 veins forming the v. iliaca communis
- V. Iliaca externa
- V. Iliaca interna
Name 2 unpaired arteries discharging from the aorta abdominalis
- A. Celiaca
- A. Messenterica cranialis
Name the endothelial extension of the veins tunica interna, preventing blood from flowing backwards
- Valvulae venosae
Where is the heart situated/positioned in; Horse, Cow, Pig, Dog, Cat
- Horse: 2nd space -> 6th space
- Cow: 2nd space -> 5th space
- Pig: 3rd rib -> 6th space
- Dog: 2nd rib -> 5th rib
- Cat: 4th space -> 7th rib
Name the structure that replaces the Lig. Sternopericardiacum in carnivores
- Lig. Phrenicopericardiacum
Name precisely the place where the heart is located
- Left of the median plane (60%) (5/7 ruminants)
Name the superficial vein of the neck useful for blood collection
- V. Jugularis externa
What is the termination of the abdominal aorta?
- Left and right common iliac arteries = external and internal iliac arteries
Name the ligament which connects the pericardium to the sternum in horse, dog, ruminants
- Horse: Lig. Sternopericardiacum
- Dog: Lig. Phrenicopericardiacum
- Ruminants: Ligg. Sternopericardiaca
Place in diaphragm that the vena cava runs through
- Foramen vena cava
What is the main vein in the thoracic limb for injection?
- Vena cephalica
Name the starting parts of the aorta
- Aortic arch
- Ascending aorta
- Descending aorta
What’s the name of the space in the diaphragm that the oesophagus runs through?
- Hiatus oesophagus
Name precisely the outer layer of the heart
- Epicardium
Name the place where blood vessels enter the spleen
- Hilus
Name the blood vessels of the spleen
- Splenic artery and vein
Name 3 lymph node of lymphocentrum cervicale profundum
- Lnn. Cervicales profundi craniales, medii, et caudales
Name 3 main parts of the diaphragm
- pars lumbalis (crus dextrum/sinistrum)
- pars costalis
- pars sternalis
Name 3 essential parts of the aorta
- aorta ascendens
- aorta descendens
- arcus aortae
Give 4 arteries in the abdominal cavity
- A. Celiaca
- A. Mesenterica cranialis
- A. Renalis
- A. Ovaria / testicularis
- A. Mesenterica caudalis
Which artery runs to the kidneys?
- Renal artery
Which artery runs to the liver?
- Hepatic artery
Which artery runs in the mandibular notch?
- A. Facialis
Which organ do the following run to;
- splenic artery
- hepatic artery
- left gastric artery
- Splenic -> spleen
- Hepatic -> liver
- Gastric -> stomach
Name the structure limiting the cavum pericardii
- Epicardium (Lamina visceralis)
- Pericardicum (Lamina parietalis)
- Serosum
What vein curves across the right aspect of the trachea and oesophagus?
- Vena Azygos dextra
What is responsible for the overall control of blood distribution and pressure?
- The vasometer centre in the medulla oblongata
From which heart chamber arises the truncus pulmonaris?
- Right ventricle
Name 2 main lymph centres of the thoracic cavity
- Lymphocentrum thoracicum dorsale
- Lymphocentrum thoracicum ventrale
Name the cusps of Valva atrioventricularis dextra
- Cuspis Angularis
- Cuspis Septalis
- Cuspis Parietalis
What other 2 vessels apart from the aorta pass through the hiatus aorticus?
- V. Azygos
- Thoracic duct
What myocardial ridges are found on the ventral part of the right ventricle, reducing blood turbulence?
- Trabeculae carneae
Name in Latin the only branch of arcus aortae in a horse
- Truncus brachiocephalicus
Name 3 unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta and underline the one that supplies blood to stomach
- A. Celiaca (underlined)
- A. Mesenterica caudalis
- A. Mesenterica cranialis
Name in Latin the groove visible on the facies auricularis
- Sulcus interventricularis paraconalis (left interventricular groove)
Name two vessels lying in incisura vasorum facialium
- A. Fascialis
- Parotid duct
Give 3 branches of the celiac artery
- Splenic artery
- Hepatic artery
- Left gastric artery
From which vessels arises the A. Bronchoesophagea?
- Aorta
Which artery runs to the pelvic limb?
- External iliac artery
Name the surface of the heart located on the left side of the thorax
- Auricular surface
Name 3 blood vessels enclosed in the mediastinum craniale
- brachiocephali trunk
- Left subclavian artery
What chamber of the heart is a) sinus coronaries b) trabeculae corneae located?
- a) right atrium
- b) left ventricle
Which artery runs to the pelvic cavity?
- iliac artery
Name the groove observed on the left side of the heart
- Sulcus interventricularis paraconalis
Give the main branch of the vena femoralis caudalis
- Vena saphena lateralis
Name the muscular parts of the diaphragm surrounding centrum tendineum
- Pars sternalis
- Pars costalis
- Pars lumbalis
Name 2 lymph nodes in the head
- Lnn. Parotid
- Lnn. Mandibularis
Name the main arteries in the forelimb
- Subclavian -> axillary -> brachial -> median -> palmar communis digitalis -> palmar medial/lateral
Is truncus bicarotis present in the dog?
- No
Name the continuation of the vena poplitea
- Vena femoralis
Which artery runs to the ribs from the aorta?
Aa. Intercostales dorsales
What vein does the blood flow directly from the vena poplitea?
- V. Femoris
Which artery runs to the ribs from the left subclavian artery?
- Aa. Intercostales ventrales
Name the morphological structure accompanying aorta abdominalis
- Caudal vena cava
What structure supplies blood to the head?
- Circle of Willis
Name the vessel, carrying the blood from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver
- A. Celia
Name the main vein in the skull
- External jugular vein
Name 3 lobes of the thymus
- Cervical lobe - lobus cervicalis sinister et dexter
- Intermediate lobe - lobus intermedius
- Thoracic lobe - lobus thoracicus
Name the faces of the heart, which is most outermost
- Right face - facies atrialis
- Left face - facies auricularis
Which structures are interconnected by chordae tendineae?
- cusps
Name at least 2 lymph nodes from territory of abdominal cavity
- Lnn. Renales
- Lnn. Hepatici
Which organs are located in the caudal mediastinum?
- Aorta
- Oesophagus
- Caudal vena cava
Give the branches of linguofacial trunk
- A. Lingualis
- A. Fascialis
Name 2 nodes of the conducting system of the heart
- Nodus sinusatriolaris
- Nodus atrioventricularis
Give 2 main branches of vena femoralis
- Vena saphena magna et medialis
Give 3 arteries and veins that can be found in the popliteal region of the horse
- A. + V. Poplitea
- A. + V. Femoralis
- A. + V. Saphena
Name in Latin one opening containing the Valva semilunaris
- Ostium aortae
- Ostium trunci pulmonaris
Name two branches of A. Brachalis
A. Bicipitalis
A. Profunda brachii
Where does the external jugular vein run to?
- Vena cava cranialis
Name structures located in the lumbar part of the diaphragm
- Aorta
- V. Azygos
- Ductus thoracicus
- oesophagus
Name the segmented branches of aorta thoracica supplying the thoracic wall
- Aa. Intercostales dorsales
What is sinus transversus pericardii?
- Tunnel shaped extension of cavum pericardii between the united aorta and truncus pulmonalis, and the concave wall parts of adjacent atria
What vessel takes blood from the GI tract to the liber and which vessel supplies the liber with oxygenated blood?
- Vena portae hepatis
- A. Hepatica
Name the surface of the heart located on the right side of the thorax
- Facies atrialis
Cavum pericardium lies between what?
- Lamina parietalis and Lamina visceralis of pericardium serosum
