Anatomy & Physiology

Question 1

Question: Define Anatomy & Physiology and explain why funeral directors/embalmers need to study the fundamentals of this science.

Answer 1

Answer: Anatomy and Physiology involve the study of the human body’s structure and functions. Funeral directors and embalmers need to study this science to understand body structures for proper identification, location, and embalming procedures. It also aids in effective communication with colleagues and medical professionals.

Question 2

Question: Describe the body in the anatomical position.

Answer 2

Answer: The body in the anatomical position stands erect with face forward, arms at the sides with palms forward, and feet flat facing forward.

Question 3

Question: Which of the following is the simplest level of organization of the human body?

Answer 3

Answer: The simplest level of organization is the chemical level.

Question 4

Question: According to the organizational scheme of the body, which of the following is more complex than tissues?

Answer 4

Answer: Organs are more complex than tissues.

Question 5

Question: Which term best describes a group of several tissues working together to perform a particular function?

Answer 5

Answer: An organ best describes a group of several tissues working together.

Question 6

Question: Which organ system consists of the thyroid glands and the adrenal glands?

Answer 6

Answer: The endocrine system consists of the thyroid glands and the adrenal glands.

Question 7

Question: Which organ system functions in regulating body temperature?

Answer 7

Answer: The integumentary system functions in regulating body temperature.

Question 8

Question: Which organ system aids in defending the body against disease?

Answer 8

Answer: The lymphatic system aids in defending the body against disease.

Question 9

Question: Which organ system functions to store inorganic salts?

Answer 9

Answer: The skeletal system functions to store inorganic salts.

Question 10

Question: Which of the following is not one of the basic life processes of humans?

Answer 10

Answer: Protection is not one of the basic life processes of humans.

Question 11

Question: Which term refers to the total of all biochemical reactions that take place in the body?

Answer 11

Answer: Metabolism refers to the total of all biochemical reactions in the body.

Question 12

Question: Which of the following is not a function of the muscular system?

Answer 12

Answer: Absorbing nutrients into the blood is not a function of the muscular system.

Question 13

Question: Which statement is true when considering the anatomical position?

Answer 13

Answer: The body is erect, with arms at the sides and palms facing forward.

Question 14

Question: Which plane will divide the human body into upper and lower regions?

Answer 14

Answer: The transverse plane divides the body into upper and lower regions.

Question 15

Question: Which plane will separate the biceps brachii muscle and the triceps brachii muscle into 2 different regions?

Answer 15

Answer: The frontal plane will divide the biceps brachii and triceps brachii muscles into different regions.

Question 16

Question: What are the two main cavities in the body?

Answer 16

Answer: The two main cavities are the ventral and dorsal cavities.

Question 17

Which directional term best explains the positional relationship of the forehead to the chin?

Answer 17

Answer: Superior best explains the positional relationship of the forehead to the chin.

Question 18

Question: Which directional term best explains the positional relationship of the wrist to the shoulder?

Answer 18

Answer: Distal best explains the positional relationship of the wrist to the shoulder.

Question 19

Question: Sophia, an apprentice embalmer, decides to raise the vessels in the cervical area of a body. Which part of the body would she be working in?

Answer 19

Answer: Sophia would be working in the neck area.

Question 20

Question: Which term best describes the area located at the wrist?

Answer 20

Answer: Carpal best describes the area located at the wrist.

Question 21

Question: What does the term “homeostasis” refer to?

Answer 21

Answer: Homeostasis refers to the body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.

Question 22

Question: Name the structure that contains the genetic material of the cell.

Answer 22

Answer: The nucleus contains the genetic material of the cell.

Question 23

Question: What is the function of the nuclear membrane?

Answer 23

Answer: The nuclear membrane surrounds the nucleus and separates the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm.

Question 24

Question: Which structure of the cell is selectively permeable?

Answer 24

Answer: The plasma membrane is selectively permeable, regulating the passage of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 25

Question: What is the function of flagella in a cell?

Answer 25

Answer: Flagella enable cell motility, facilitating movement.

Question 26

Question: Describe the process of osmosis.

Answer 26

Answer: Osmosis is the movement of solvent or water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.

Question 27

Question: What process describes the dissolving of a sugar cube in a cup of coffee?

Answer 27

Answer: The process of simple diffusion describes the movement of sugar molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Question 28

Question: What cells reproduce by the process of meiosis?

Answer 28

Answer: Gametes, such as sperm and egg cells, reproduce by meiosis.

Question 29

Question: True or False: Mitosis results in two cells identical to the parent cell.

Answer 29

Answer: True. Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two cells identical to the parent cell.

Question 30

Question: Match the following cell structures with their functions:

(A) Centrioles
(B) Cilia
(C) Cytoplasm
(D) Endoplasmic reticulum
(E) Golgi apparatus
(F) Lysosomes
(G) Mitochondria
(H) Nucleus
(I) Plasma membranes
(J) Ribosomes
(K) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
(L) Nuclear membrane

Answer 30

Answer:

(A) Aids in cell division by distributing chromosomes to daughter cells.
(B) Moves substances across the surface of the cell.
(C) Gel-like fluid inside the cell where all the organelles are held.
(D) Transports material within the cell.
(E) Packages substances within the cell for secretion.
(F) Digests material taken into the cell and destroys worn-out cell parts.
(G) Produces ATP & converts energy from nutrients into a form that the cell can use.
(H) Controls the cell’s activities.
(I) Separates extracellular and intracellular material.
(J) Small granules that synthesize proteins.
(K) Site of lipid and steroid synthesis, calcium ion storage, and detoxification.
(L) Surrounds the nucleus and controls the passage of materials.

Question 31

Question: What is the anatomical position?

Answer 31

Answer: The anatomical position is the standard reference position used in anatomy and physiology. It is characterized by standing upright, facing forward, arms at the sides, palms facing forward, and feet flat on the ground.

Question 32

Question: Describe the body in the anatomical position.

Answer 32

Answer: In the anatomical position, the body is:

Upright (standing)
Facing forward
Arms at the sides
Palms directed forward
Thumbs pointing away from the body
Legs together with feet flat on the ground
Eyes directed straight ahead

Question 33

Question: Why is the anatomical position important?

Answer 33

Answer: The anatomical position provides a consistent reference point for describing the location, direction, and orientation of body structures. It serves as a universal standard in medical and anatomical studies.

Question 34

Question: What are the key features of the anatomical position?

Answer 34

Answer: The key features include:

Body standing upright
Face forward
Arms at the sides
Palms facing forward
Thumbs pointing away from the body
Feet flat on the ground
Eyes directed straight ahead

Question 35

Question: How does the anatomical position help in communication?

Answer 35

Answer: The anatomical position facilitates clear communication among healthcare professionals, anatomists, and students by providing a consistent frame of reference for describing body structures and movements.

Question 36

Question: Explain why the anatomical position is considered the standard reference.

Answer 36

Answer: The anatomical position is considered the standard reference because it provides a consistent and universally accepted orientation for describing the human body’s structures and relationships.

Question 37

Question: What are the two main body cavities?

Answer 37

Answer: The two main body cavities are the dorsal cavity and the ventral cavity.

Question 38

Question: Describe the dorsal cavity.

Answer 38

Answer: The dorsal cavity is located along the posterior side of the body and includes the cranial cavity (which houses the brain) and the spinal cavity (which houses the spinal cord).

Question 39

Question: Explain the ventral cavity.

Answer 39

Answer: The ventral cavity is situated along the anterior side of the body and is subdivided into the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity.

Question 40

Question: What structures are housed within the thoracic cavity?

Answer 40

Answer: The thoracic cavity contains the heart, lungs, trachea, esophagus, and major blood vessels.

Question 41

Question: List the organs found in the abdominal cavity.

Answer 41

Answer: Organs within the abdominal cavity include the stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, small intestine, and most of the large intestine.

Question 42

Question: Which body cavity contains the brain?

Answer 42

Answer: The brain is housed within the cranial cavity, a part of the dorsal cavity.

Question 43

Question: Name the cavity that contains the spinal cord.

Answer 43

Answer: The spinal cord is located within the spinal cavity, also known as the vertebral cavity, which is a component of the dorsal cavity.

Question 44

Question: What separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities?

Answer 44

Answer: The diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity (above) from the abdominal cavity (below).

Question 45

Question: Describe the abdominopelvic cavity.

Answer 45

Answer: The abdominopelvic cavity encompasses both the abdominal cavity (superior) and the pelvic cavity (inferior).

Question 46

Question: What structures are housed within the pelvic cavity?

Answer 46

Answer: The pelvic cavity contains the urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and portions of the large intestine.

Question 47

Question: Explain why understanding body cavities is important in healthcare.

Answer 47

Answer: Understanding body cavities is crucial for healthcare professionals as it helps in locating organs, diagnosing diseases, planning surgeries, and understanding the relationship between different anatomical structures.