anatomy & physiology Flashcards
1
Q
What are the differences between your parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system?
A
Parasympathetic is rest, relax and digest. Sympathetic is your stress response
2
Q
What is DNA?
A
Genetic code of a cell
3
Q
Proteins are formed from what
A
Amino acids
4
Q
Define gross anatomy
A
The study of anatomy based off what you can see with your eyes
5
Q
Define systemic anatomy
A
Studying structures based on systems of the body
6
Q
What are five subdivisions of anatomy
A
Surface, gross, systemic, regional, and developmental
7
Q
What does hyper algesia mean?
A
Super sensitivity to pain
8
Q
What does a motor nerve do?
A
Provides movement and action
9
Q
What is the circle of Willis?
A
Regulates blood flow in the brain
10
Q
What is the function of the thalamus?
A
Relay station from sense organs to cerebrum
11
Q
What is the compound that stores energy?
A
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
12
Q
Dopamine is involved in regulating what three things
A
Moods and emotions, motor control, and executive functioning of the brain.
13
Q
What is the definition of anatomy?
A
The study of structures of the body and relationships to its parts
14
Q
What is mitosis
A
Cells divide into two identical daughter cells
15
Q
Myelinated fibers are what color and primarily found where
A
White, and primarily found in the brain and spinal cord
16
Q
What is the second largest part of the brain?
A
Cerebellum
17
Q
What is a synapse and where are they located?
A
Space between nerve and effector organ
18
Q
Blood and bone are types of what
A
Connective tissue
19
Q
What is serotonin?
A
Neurotransmitter that is inhibitor in the CNS, synthesized into melatonin
20
Q
If something is semi permeable, what does that mean?
A
Allows some things in, but not all
21
Q
What are reticular fibers?
A
Supports capillaries and nerve fibers
22
Q
What is the main characteristic of muscle tissue?
A
Contracts and provides movement by shortening
23
Q
What is an element?
A
Substance Made up of one kind of atom
24
Q
What is an aneurysm?
A
Bulging of artery
25
Is a Massage contraindicated over steroid injections
Yes
26
Lipids are also known as what
Fats and oils
27
What is the smallest particle of an element?
ATom
28
What are three diseases that can be caused by a virus
Bell’s palsy, polio, herpes
29
What kind of tissue faces the inside of the body?
Basal
30
Define dementia
Group of degenerative brain diseases that cause mental decline
31
Unmyelinated, nervous tissue is what color and is found where
Gray and is found in the spinal cord
32
What is happening of hyper secretion occurs
Too much of a hormone is being released
33
Where do most tropic, hormones, originate from?
Pituitary gland
34
Releasing or inhibiting hormones are released from what structure
Hypothalamus
35
What kind of feedback loop is happening during labor and delivery
Positive feedback loop
36
Nociceptors are receptors that detect what
Pain
37
What is the basic goal of the inflammatory response? How are a few ways in accomplishes this?
Basic goal of inflammatory response is to minimize tissue damage with a combination of processes it does this with swelling, heat, and increase blood flow
38
Where is epithelial tissue
Lining surface of body and body cavities. It forms our glands.
39
What are some symptoms of hyperthyroidism
Underweight, sweaty palms, thin hair, bulging eyes
40
In order to have resting membrane, potential, a neuron needs to have what
Positive charged outside and negative charged inside
41
Define osmosis, is it active or passive transport? It is also known as what?
Passive, diffusion of water
42
What pathology is a viral infection that affects skeletal muscle movement
Polio
43
What is acetylcholine and what does it do to the body?
Neurotransmitter, stimulates parasympathetic nervous system, muscles and memory
44
What are micro villi?
Small projections on a cell membrane
45
What parts of the body have the most sensory and motor representation in the brain
Fingers, face and lips
46
Inflammation, of what nerve causes Bell’s palsy
Seventh cranial nerve also known as the facial nerve
47
What tissue in our body has a high degree of tensile strength
Collagen
48
Negative feedback systems usually regulate what system of our body
Endocrine functions
49
What are the functions of smooth muscle in our body?
Propels food through the gut, regulates blood flow through cardiovascular system, and squeezes secretion through Glands
50
What reflexes are most often stimulated movement methods?
Stretch reflex, tendon reflex, flexors reflex, and crossed extensor
51
What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
Connected to nuclear membrane connected to tubular membrane
52
What is the basic structural unit of an organism
Cell
53
What shape are mitochondria?
Rod or oval shaped
54
The heart secretes, what type of hormones
Tissue hormones
55
If there are tissue changes in the feet, what pathology Might a Client have?
Type one diabetes
56
What is the basement membrane?
Attaches epithelial to connective tissue
57
What is a lysosome?
Intracellular digestive system
58
What cranial nerve innervates chewing
Fifth cranial nerve, also known as trigeminal
59
What level of organization in the body does metabolism occur?
Chemical
60
What kind of hormone is adipose tissues, secrete?
Tissue hormone
61
Define tissues in the levels of organization
Group of similar cells combined to perform a common function
62
What are proprioceptor’s
Sensory receptors related to movement
63
If a joint is hypo mobile,, what does that mean?
Decreased range of motion
64
Contact dermatitis is caused by what
Allergic reaction
65
What is Peizoelectricity?
Quality of bones that helps them create electric current
66
Adhesive capsulitis impacts what part of the body in what way
Restricts movement of the shoulder
67
One gait cycle begins and ends where
Heel strike of 1 foot until the heel of same foot hits the floor
68
Our reflex patterns and writing reflexes are always working to do it in our body
Keep eye level and head up, right
69
The term absorption refers to what
Food moving from digestive track to cardio and lymphatic systems
70
What is the aorta?
Large artery that takes blood out of the heart and to the body
71
What does adenosine triphosphate do?
Stores energy
72
What is the fancy name for irregular heartbeat?
Arrhythmia
73
What is the definition of digestion?
Breakdown of food from complex form into simple molecules used for nutrients
74
What do antibodies do?
Destroy or suppress antigens
75
What is smaller? Capillaries or arteries?
Capillaries
76
External respiration refers to what process in the body
Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between lungs and blood
77
What are the atria?
Two superior chambers of the heart
78
What are four parts of the lower respiratory tract?
Larynx, bronchial, alveoli, trachea
79
What happens in our capillaries?
Exchange of gases, and nutrients between blood and cells
80
What is the job of the valves in the heart?
Keep blood flowing in the right directions
81
What is peristalsis?
Rhythmic contraction of smooth muscles that propel food through the gut
82
What are lymph nodes? What do they do in our body?
Being shaved, they are our filtering system
83
Sebum is secreted by what part of the body for what function
Sebaceous glands, prevents, dehydration, slows growth of bacteria
84
Allergies are also known as what type of immune response
Over active
85
Ureters are located where
Kidneys to the bladder
86
What gland surrounds the urethra and men
Prostate
87
Nephrons are located, where in perform what action in our body
Kidneys, filtration
88
Cystic fibrosis is characterized by the presence of what in the body
Thick sticky mucus
89
Our hair and nails use what substance to create, tougher, more waterproof structures
Keratin
90
What type of membrane is a serous membrane?
Lines, body cavities, and surrounds organs
91
Coagulation refers to what process in the body
Clotting of blood
92
Erythropoietin is made where and does what
Produced by the kidneys, stimulates red blood cell formation
93
What is pericarditis?
Information of outer serous membrane around the heart
94
What are some qualities of cardiac tissue?
Striated, involuntary
95
What is the pacemaker of the heart?
Sino atrial node(SA node)
96
What is lymphedema?
Excess fluid of lymph system, obstructs, lymph vessels
97
Where is the larynx located? What lives there
Opening to the trachea, houses vocal cords
98
The pleura, surround what
The lungs, serous membraneS
99
Emphysema affects what part of the body in what way
Alveoli, they distend and degenerate
100
Where is the peritoneum located?
Lines abdominal cavity
101
Nutrient absorption primarily takes place in what part of the body
Small intestine
102
A gallbladder attack is often caused by what
Ingesting fats
103
What does the liver do for our body?
Neutralize toxins, and produces proteins, stores nutrients
104
Glomerular filtration, tubular secretion , and tubular reabsorption are all part of what process in the body
Urine formation
105
Where is the detrusor muscle located?
Muscular wall of bladder
106
Why are bladder infections more common in women?
Shorter urethra
107
The ovary produces what three things for the body
Progesterone, estrogen, oocytes (eggs)
108
What is the cervix?
Lower third of uterus to opens into the vagina
109
Kidney stones can get logged in what part of the urinary system
Ureters
110
Where is the stratum basale and what happens there?
Deepest layer of the epidermidis, layer where cell division occurs
111
Where are muscle spindles located? And what is the function?
Belly of muscle, their function is stretch receptors
112
If a muscle is displaying concentric action, what is it doing?
Contracting, shortening to overcome resistance
113
Bone growth occurs where
Epithelial plate
114
What is the definition of cardiac output?
Amount of blood pumped by left ventricle in one minute
115
What are three parts of the digestive tract?
Jejunum, cecum, Colon
116
Where is articular cartilage located and what does it do?
In the joints, provide smooth surface so it can articulate
117
What is the periosteum?
Membrane around the bone
118
What connects bone to bone?
Ligament
119
What is a sarcomere?
Smallest contractile unit of a muscle
120
What characterizes, compact bone?
Made up of osteons, and the diaphysis (center) of long bones
121
What characterizes spongy bone?
Made up of trabecula, found at epiphysis of long bones and irregular bones
122
What does the inferior vena cava do?
Returns blood from lower body to right atrium
123
The oropharynx and Laryngopharynx are passageways for what two things
Air and food
124
Where does gradual digestion happen in our digestive system?
Stomach
125
Oxytocin is responsible for what during labor and delivery
Contractions
126
Name three organs made up of lymphatic tissue
Spleen, lymph nodes, thymus gland
127
Where are bursae located and what do they help with?
Located in joints, helps with glide in the joint
128
What happens in the renal tubule?
Reabsorption and secretion
129
Pulmonary circulation does what in our body
Takes blood to and from the lungs
