Anatomy of the Nervous System Part 2 Flashcards
What is hypoxia?
A decrease of oxygen supply to the brain even though there is adequate blood flow
Main artery of anterior circulation
Internal Carotid Artery
Main artery of posterior circulation
Vertebral artery
Where does the Anterior Cerebral Artery supply blood?
Frontal, parietal, corpus callosum, region of the brain primarily responsible for motor and sensory of the lower limbs
Where does the middle cerebral artery supply blood?
Most of the lateral sides of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes, basal ganglia
Where does the posterior cerebral artery supply blood?
Occipital lobe, below and to one side of the surface of the temporal lobe, midbrain, thalamus
Anterior circulation supplies the ______
forebrain
What do the super sagittal and cavernous sinus do?
Drain blood from the brain
Transverse Sinus
Allows blood to drain from the back of the head
Internal Jugular Vein
To collect blood from the skull, brain, superficial parts of the face, and the majority of the neck
Subclavian Vein
Drains deoxygenated blood from the upper region of the body back to the heart
Circle of Willies
- maintains blood flow at a steady level to the brain between the anterior and posterior arterial systems of the brain
- offers alternate blood flow pathways between the right and left cerebral hemispheres
Arteries Associated with Anterior Circulation
1) Anterior Cerebral
2) Middle Cerebral
3) Anterior Choroidal Artery
4) Posterior Communicating Artery
5) Posterior Cerebral Artery
Arteries Associated with Posterior Circulation
1) Posterior Cerebral
2) Superior Cerebellar
3) Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery
4) Posterior Inferior Cerebellar
5) Anterior Spinal Artery (upper portion)
6) Posterior Spinal Artery (upper portion)
How does CFS flow?
Flows from the lateral ventricles, through the interventricular foramens, and into the third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, and the fourth ventricle.
What cells generate CFS?
Chlorid plexus
Interventricular Foramen of Monro
Connect thelateral ventricleswith thethird ventricle
Where is CFS generated?
Lateral ventricle, third and fourth ventricle
What is CFS composed of?
Sodum, Chlorine, Potassium, Calcium, glucose, protein, cells
Epidural Hemorrhage
Bleeding between the inside your skull and the outermost layer of meninges, the dura mater
Subdural Hemmorrhage
Bleeding between the skull and surface of the brian
- blood seeps in the space between the dura and arachnoid layer
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
bleeding in the space that surrounds the brain (subarachnoid space)
Dura Matter
The tough outer layer of tissue that covers and protects the brain and spinal cord and is closest to the skull
Pia matter
Thin layer that’s held tightly to the surface of your brain and spinal cord
Arachnoid Matter
The middle layer of your meninges, lies directly below your dura mater
Where does basilary artery supply blood?
Brainstem, occipital lobe, cerebellum
What is the main blood vessel that forms posterior circulation of the brain?
Basilar artery
Which arteries supply blood to the cerebellum?
the superior cerebellar artery, the anterior and inferior cerebellar artery (AICA), and the posterior and inferior cerebellar artery (PICA).
Which parts of the brain are supplied with blood flow that comes from the outside and penetrate deep into the brain?
Major cortical surfaces areas
What structures of the brain are supplied by branches coming from the outside?
Structures located deep in the brain (thalamus, basal ganglia)
Which arteries supply blood to the midbrain? (3)
Posterior cerebral artery, superior artery, basilary artery
Which arteries supply blood to the lower pons? (2)
Anterior inferior cerebellar artery, basilar artery
Which arteries supply blood to the Upper Medulla (3)
Posterior inferior cerebral artery, vertebral artery and anterior spinal artery
Which arteries supply blood to the caudal medulla (4)
Posterior spinal artery, posterior inferior cerebellar artery, vertebral artery, anterior spinal artery
What are two sources that supply blood to the spinal cord
Posterior and anterior spinal cord
0What type of organization do branches in the spinal cord have (blood supply)
same organization principle as cortex (come from the outside and go deep in the structures)
Function of ventricles
Produce, store and circulate (CSF)
CFS Function
Liquid that surrounds your brain and spinal cord, cushioning them, removes waste, delivering nutrients to your brain
Where does the lenticulostriate artery supply blood?
The basal ganglia
Arachnoid Trabeculae
Strands of connective tissue between arachnoid mater to the pia mater and help to keep the brain suspended in place.
Subarachnoid Space
Space between your arachnoid mater and pia mater that is filled with CFS
Blood Brain Barrier
Surrounds most of the blood vessels in your brain and acts as barrier between the blood stream and extracellular space of the brain
What makes up the blood brain barrier?
Endothethial cells are fused tightly to form tight junctions that restrict diffusion along the blood vessel lining
What structures are a part of the hindbrain? (4)
cerebellum, pons, medulla, brain stem,
Posterior Communicating Artery
Branch of the internal carotid, this artery connects the ICA to the posterior cerebral artery.
When does the posterior communicating artery supply blood?
instances where the internal carotid or posterior cerebral arteries are blocked.
Anterior Circulation
Derive blood from the internal carotid artery and supplies blood to the majority of the cerebral hemispheres (front part of the brain)
Posterior Circulation
Vertebral arteries supply blood to back portion of the brain
CSF should contain more _____, ______than is found in the blood and less _________, _________, and _________
sodium, chlorine
potassium, calcium, glucose
