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NRSC2000 > Anatomy of the Nervous System Part 1 > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Nervous System Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the central nervous system contain?

A

Brain, spinal cord

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2
Q

Three Components of the Central Nervous System

A

1) Sensory Organs
2) External signals (vision, hearing, taste, smell, touch temperature)
3) Internal Signals (internal temperature,blood pressure,oxygenation and more

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3
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Part of the nervous system that controls muscles of internal organs (such as the heart, blood vessels, lungs, stomach, and intestines) and glands (such as salivary glands and sweat glands)

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4
Q

Enteric Nervous System (ENS)

A

Intrinsic nervous system of the gastrointestinal tract

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5
Q

Structures of the Central Nervous System (4 points)

A

1) Cerebral hemispheres
2) Diencephalon: Connects the midbrain to the forebrain. Located deep within the brain and comprises the epithalamus, thalamus, subthalamus and hypothalamus
3) Cerebellam
4) Brain stem, spinal cord

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6
Q

Diencephalon

A

Connects the midbrain to the forebrain. Located deep within the brain and comprises the epithalamus, thalamus, subthalamus and hypothalamus

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7
Q

What does the central nervous system do?

A

Analysis and integration of sensory and motor information

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8
Q

Sensory Ganglia

A

Collection of cell bodies of neurons outside the CNS that transmit sensory impulses to and from the central nervous system

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9
Q

Sensory Nerves

A

Transmit information gained by our senses to the CNS

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10
Q

What are the two types of motor components in the PNS?

A

1) Visceral Motor System (ANS)
2) Somatic Motor System

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11
Q

Visceral Motor System( ANS)

A

Controls involuntary functions regulated by the activity of smooth muscle fibers, cardiac muscle fibers, and glands

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12
Q

What do motor nerves do?

A

Carry info from the CNS to outer parts of the body

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13
Q

What are effectors and examples of them?

A

An organ or cell that acts in response to a stimulus
Examples: Smooth muscles, glands, cardiac muscles, skeletal stride muscles

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14
Q

Pathway of Information to the Central Nervous System

A

Internal and external environment, sensory components send information to the central nervous system

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15
Q

Pathway of Information from the Central Nervous System

A

Central nervous system sends information to motor components, and then effectors respond to the stimulus

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16
Q

Function of the Frontal Lobe

A

Higher level executive functions, like attention, critical thinking, and impulse control, emotion, social interaction

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17
Q

Primary Motor Cortex

A

Responsible for the control of voluntary movement and is located in the Precentral gyrus

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18
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Processes sensory information it receives from the outside world (touch,taste, temperature, pain)

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19
Q

What is located in the parietal lobe?

A

Postcentral gyrus

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20
Q

Central Sulcus

A

Divides the frontal and parietal lobes

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21
Q

Lateral Fissure

A

Separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes

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22
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Processing affects/emotions, language, memory, perception and auditory processing information

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23
Q

What structures are found deep in the temporal lobe?

A

Hippocampus and Amygdala

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24
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Processing visual information

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25
Q

Cerebellum

A
  • Lower part of the brain
  • Function: Regulation and control of movement and cognitive functions like lanuage processing and memory
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26
Q

Where is the brain stem located?

A
  • Located between the cerebrum and spinal cord
27
Q

Brain stem function

A
  • Regulating critical functions like heart rate, breathing, and sleep
28
Q

Spinal Cord

A

Responsible for receiving sensory information from the body and sending motor information to the body

29
Q

DORSAL VIEW: Longitude Fissure

A

Separates the two cerebral hemispheres

30
Q

VENTRAL VIEW: Optic Chiasm

A

To ensure that visual signals go to both hemispheres of brain

31
Q

VENTRAL VIEW: Mamillary Body

A

Small round bodies that play a role in recollective memory

32
Q

VENTRAL VIEW: Olfactory tract

A

Leads out to the olfactory bulb, which connects to the olfactory nerve

33
Q

VENTRAL VIEW: Parahippocampal Gyrus

A

Surrounds the hippocampus and plays a role in memory encoding and retrieval

34
Q

VENTRAL VIEW: Inferior Olive

A

Functions as a relay between the spinal cord and cerebellum

35
Q

VENTRAL VIEW: Pons

A

Responsible for unconscious processes and jobs, such as your sleep-wake cycle and breathing

36
Q

VENTRAL VIEW: Pituitary Stalk

A

Allows for hormones synthesized in the hypothalamus to be sent to the posterior pituitary for release into the bloodstream

37
Q

VENTRAL VIEW: Olfactory Tract

A

Transmits olfactory sensations to the brain for processing

38
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

Communication gateway between hemispheres/connects areas of similar function

39
Q

LATERAL VIEW: Parieto-occipital Sulcus

A

Separating the occipital lobe from the parietal and temporal lobes

40
Q

LATERAL VIEW: Preoccipital Notch

A

Landmark because the occipital lobe is located behind it

41
Q

What does the peripheral nervous system include?

A

Cranial and spinal nerves (remember cranial nerves derive from the brain so that are considered part of the central nervous system)

42
Q

Somatic Motor System

A

controls voluntary movement

43
Q

What Structures do you see in the dorsal view? (6)

A

1) longitude fissure
2) precentral gyrus
3) central sulcus
4) left cerebral hemisphere
5) right cerebral hemisphere
6) post central gyrus

44
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Involved in eating, drinking, temperature regulation. sex drive (maintain body’s internal balance)

45
Q

Anterior Commisure

A

connects the two cerebral hemispheres of the brain

46
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

Processing movement related information

47
Q

What structures does the basal ganglia involve?

A

Caudate, putamen, globus pallidus

48
Q

Surface Anatomy of Brainstem: Midbrain

A

motor movement, movements of the eye, and in auditory and visual processing.

49
Q

Surface Anatomy of Brainstem: Medulla Oblogonta

A

Helps control vital processes like your heartbeat, breathing and blood pressure.

50
Q

Describe the organization of the ventral view of the brainstem?

A

Midline to lateral organization

51
Q

What is the structural organization of nerves of the brainstem in the ventral view?

A
  1. Sensory cranial nerves
    2.Motor cranial nerves
    3, Mixed (sensory and motor)
52
Q

Describe the organization of the dorsal view?

A

Top to bottom

53
Q

Different categories of organization for dorsal view?

A

1)Somatic Motor
2)Branchial Motor
3) Visceral Motor
4) General Sensory
5) Special Sensory
6) Visceral Sensory

54
Q

Describe how the internal brainstem is organized?

A

Top to bottom

55
Q

Nuclei in the _____ are involved in how we control skeletal muscle

A

Midbrain

56
Q

Nuclei in the _____ assist in the function of the autonomic nervous system

A

Pons

57
Q

Nuclei in the _____ control how smooth muscles are innovated

A

Lower Pons

58
Q

Four Parts of the Spine

A

1)Cervical
2)Thoracic
3) Lumber
4) Sacral

59
Q

In cortical areas where is grey matter and white matter?

A

Grey matter is outside and white matter is inside

60
Q

Internal Structure of Spinal Cord, where is grey and white matter?

A

Grey matter is inside and white matter is outside

61
Q

What can be found in grey matter?

A

Neurons

62
Q

What can be found in white matter?

A

Ascending and Descending fibers are in white matter

63
Q

Dermatomes

A

Areas of skin that send signals to the brain through the spinal nerves

64
Q

Where are motor nerves located?

A

In the CNS, spinal cord

NRSC2000 (13 decks)

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