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anatomy exam 4 > anatomy of the inguinal canal > Flashcards

anatomy of the inguinal canal Flashcards

1
Q

what two layers cover the testes?

A

tunica vaginalis- visceral layer

tunic albuginea- inner, fibrous layer

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2
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

-make sperm

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3
Q

describe the path of sperm from production to ejaculation:

A
  • make in seminipherous tubules
  • go to straight tubules
  • go to rete testes
  • go to efferent tubules
  • go to epididymis and stored until active
  • leave epididymis via the vas deferens (attached to tail of the epididymis) to urethra
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4
Q

what are the three arches in the inguinal canal?

A

-formed by three abdominal muscles- transversus abdominus and internal and external oblique

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5
Q

where does the inguinal canal run thru? why were these terms coined?

A
  • thru the deep and superficial ring
  • deep- formed by the transversalis fascia
  • superficial- formed by the external oblique fascia; it is where the inguinal canal ends and the spermatic cord/round ligament exits into scrotum/lamia majora
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6
Q

what runs through the inguinal canal?

A
  • spermatic cord in males and round ligament in females

- they exit via the scrotum in men and labia majora in females at the superficial ring

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7
Q

why are testes located outside of the body?

A
  • because the making of semen is more favorable in cooler conditions than body temp
  • ALSO, sperm swim better when they are reactivated- therefore held in cold storage and then activated in warm female and swim well
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8
Q

what exactly is the purpose of the inguinal region?

A

-it’s a track that the testes descend thru on their way to the scrotum (basically descend to keep testes out of the body)

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9
Q

3 pts of the epididymis?

A

head, body, tail

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10
Q

conjoint tendon

A

-fusion of aponeuroses of internal oblique and transverus epidominus -fuse onto pubis

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11
Q

when males are born, where are the testes located?

A
  • they are located deep to the pariental peritoneum

- must pass through the muscles to reach the outside of the body

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12
Q

what are the layers that the testes must pass through referred to as?

A

-the superficial and deep rings that form the three arches

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13
Q

where can we palpate the superficial and deep ring of the inguinal canal?

A
  • superficial ring- lateral to penis

- deep ring- half way between ASIS and superficial ring

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14
Q

what are the borders of the inguinal canal?

A

-anteriorly- aponeurosis of external oblique
-floor- inguinal ligament
floor medially- lacunar ligament
-posteriorly- transversalis fascia
-posterior medially- conjoint tendon

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15
Q 
as the testes pass thru the abdominal layers,  the layers become the following structures of the spermatic cord:
parietal peritoneum becomes-
transveralis fascia-
transversus abdominus-
internal oblique-
external oblique- 
scarpa's fascia-
camper's fascia-
skin-
A

parietal peritoneum becomes-tunica vaginalis (visceral layer of penis)
transveralis fascia- inner spermatic fascia
transversus abdominus-0- arches over the inguinal canal
internal oblique-cremasteric muscle and fascia
external oblique- external spermatic fascia
scarpa’s fascia-dartos muscle and fascia
camper’s fascia-0
skin- skin of scrotum

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16
Q

gubernaculum

A
  • a ligament attached to the developing testes or ovaries and attaches to the either scrotum or the labial folds
  • it pulls both ovaries and testes down through a path that eventually becomes the inguinal canal
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17
Q

testicular artery
origin
oxygenates?

A
  • off the aorta below renal arteries

- oxygenates testicles

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18
Q

cremasteric artery

A
  • off the inferior epigastric a.

- oxygenates cremaster muscle

19
Q

ductus deferens artery

A
  • off the inferior vesicular artery

- oxygenates the ductus deferens

20
Q

pampiniform plexus
where do the left and right plexuses drain into?
why is the plexus so abundant and important?

A
  • plexus of 12ish testicular veins that converge as left or right testicular veins in the vas deferens
  • right drains into the IVC
  • left drains into the left renal vein
  • abundant and important to take the warm arterial blood going into testes away to keep them at the perfect sperm temp
21
Q

what nerve innervates the cremaster muscle and what is it a branch of? spinal level?

A
  • genital branch off of the genitofemoral n. and the anterior scrotal branch of the ilioinguinal
  • L1-2
  • runs thru inguinal canal
22
Q

what does the cremaster muscle do?

A

it pulls the testes up

23
Q

what does the dartos muscles do?

A

wrinkles up the testes

24
Q

what innervates the dartos muscle?

A

-sympathetics running with illioinguinal n and the posterior scrotal nerves

25
Q

what is the female equivalent to the testicular artery? origin?

A
  • ovarian artery
  • aorta
  • does not go thru inguinal canal
26
Q

processus vaginalis and testes descent

A
  • forms around week 7 from the parietal peritoneum near the gubernaculum
  • gubernauculum does not actually shorten but the developing fetus passively pushes testes down toward developing scrotum
  • at 8 months, testes halfway down inguinal canal created by gubernaculum
  • month 9, testes fully in scrotum
27
Q

what is the female version of the testes?

A

ovaries

28
Q

what does the gubernaculum become in females?

A

-the cranial part of the gubernaculum becomes the ovarian ligament, caudally it becomes the round ligament

29
Q

what becomes of the cremaster muscle in females?

A
  • a muscle that coils around the round ligament
30
Q

where can the round ligament be found?

A

in the labia majora

31
Q

what is the female equivalent to the scrotum?

A
  • the labia majora and the round ligament that run thru the inguinal canal
  • female inguinal canal also has cremasteric muscle and fascia with external and internal fascia
32
Q

what is a hernia and what are some common reasons as to why patients get them?

A
  • weakness along the abdominal wall
  • could be due to erect posture (gravity), muscle weakness, tissue abdnormality, patent procesus vaginalis, increased abdominal pressure due to parturition or defecation,laughing etc
33
Q

name and describe the three most typical hernias

A
  • Direct- thru Hasselbach’s triangle pushing thru the peritoneal and transversalis fascia (acquired and usually due to muscle weakness and pushing-can go down into scrotum and traverse the superficial ring)
  • indirect- thru patent procesus vaginalis within the spermatic cord (“congenital and almost always in younger males)
  • femoral-below inguinal ligament thru inguinal ring next to femoral vessels (equally likely in males and females)
34
Q

borders of Hasselbach’s triangle (inguinal triangle)

A
  • rectus sheath
  • inguinal ligament
  • inferior epigastrics
35
Q

how is a hernia repaired

A

via a mesh that pushes intestines back into abdominal wall

36
Q

hydrocele vs hematocele

A

fluid within tunica vaginalis:
hydrocele is fluid in the testes- result of birth defect or encephalitis
hematocele is blood in the testes- usually due to trauma

37
Q

encephalitis

A

-mosquito causes it- round worms that invade ducts and cause hydrocele

38
Q

what are most lumps in the testicles?

A

-spermatocele- a clogged sperm duct in the head of the epididymis

39
Q

sebaceous cyst

A

-infection of a hair follicle that forma a cyst within the epidermis

40
Q

chryptorchidism

A
  • mnemonic- orchid means testes and chrypt sounds like crypt and that’s where your sperms going if it’s not fixed!
  • lack of the testes to drop
  • 3 % of full term babies, 30% of prematures
  • 80% eventually drop on own within a yr
41
Q

monorchidism vs polyorchidism

A
  • one testicle

- more than two testicles

42
Q

ectopic testes

A

-testes where they don’t belong in the abdominal cavity

43
Q

vasectomy

A
  • ductus (vas) deferens in the epididymis is cut and tied or not
  • if not tied, semen comes out into the scrotum and is eventually reabsorbed by the body
  • open is more comfortable

anatomy exam 4 (8 decks)

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