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anatomy exam 4 > abdominal cavity 4 > Flashcards

abdominal cavity 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what do the kidneys do?

A
  • eliminate waste of protein metabolism from blood, salts and water
  • return nutrients to blood
  • regulate blood pressure and RBCs
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2
Q

kidney innervation

A

symp: T10 to L1
para: vagus and S2-4

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3
Q

pararenal fat vs perirenal fat

A

pararenal fat-before the kidneys

peri- around kidneys

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4
Q

hilum

A

where everything goes in and out of the kidney

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5
Q

suprarenal (adrenal) gland

A
  • on top of kidneys
  • make corticosteroids and androgens (cortex)
  • make epi and norepi (medulla)
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6
Q

blood supply to suprarenal (adrenal) gland and where do they branch from?

A

1) superior supra renal a.-from inferior phrenic a.
2) middle suprarenal artery (from aorta)
3) inferior suprarenal (from renal a)

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7
Q

what provides innervation to the suprarenal (adrenal) gland

A

medulla and cortex

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8
Q

diaphragm function

A

major muscle used in inspiration

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9
Q

what supplies blood to the diaphragm?

A
  • superior phrenic artery-above diaphragm (off thoracic Ao)

- inferior phrenic a. below the diaphragm (off abdominal Ao)

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10
Q

what innervates the diaphragm?

A
  • phrenic nerve C3-5 (motor and sensory)

- intercostal nerve (sensory)

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11
Q

what are the three holes in the diaphragm?

A

esophageal hiatus
aortic hiatus
vena caval hiatus

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12
Q

when entering the diaphragm, what goes with what?

A
  • in the esophageal hiatus- the esophagus comes in with the vagal trunk
  • deep to the esophageal hiatus, the aortic hiatus allows the aorta and the thoracic duct to come thru
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13
Q

what muscles wrap around the esophageal hiatus?

A

the left and right crus

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14
Q

lateral arcuate ligament
medial
median

A

-line down middle of posterior abdominal wall that separates diaphragm and the quadratus lumborum
medial arcuate ligament-diaphragm and psoas major
median arcuate ligament- formed by the crus at the esophageal hiatus

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15
Q

why do we get hiccups?

A
  • thought to be evolutionary
  • way of breathing in large amount of air (like dogs)
  • help with suckling as a baby- take in lots of fluid and breath with diaphragm spasm
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16
Q 
psoas major
origin
insertion
innervation
action
A

o: transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae and T12-S1
i: lesser trochanter of femur
innerv: lumbar plexus-ant. branches of nerves L2-4
axn: flexes thigh, flexes vert. column laterally to balance trunk, when sitting, acts inferiorly to flex trunk

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17
Q 
Iliacus
origin
insertion
innervation
action
A

O: superior 2/3 of iliac fossa, ana of sacrum, and anterior sacroiliac ligments

insertion: lesser trochanter of femur and shaft inferior to it
innerv: femoral nerve L2-4
axn: flexes thigh and stabilizes hip joint; acts with psoas major

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18
Q 
Quadratus lumborum
origin
insertion
innervation
action
A

O: 12th rib and tips of lumbar transverse processes
Ins: iliolumbar ligament and internal lip of iliac crest
inn: ant branches of T12 and L1-4
axn: extends laterally flexes vertebral column, fixes 12 rib for inspiration

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19
Q

subcostal nerves
arises:
innervates

A

arises: T12
innervates: external oblique muscle and skin of anterolateral abdominal wall

20
Q

Lumbar spinal nerves
arises:
innervates

A

arises: L1-5
innervates: posterior rami- deep back muscles, skin of the back (anterior rami) skin and muscles of the most inferior trunk and lower limb

21
Q

Lumbar plexus

arises from

A

L1-L4

22
Q

Illioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves
arises from?
innervates?

A
  • arises from L1

- abdominal muscles and skin of inguinal and pubic regions

23
Q

gentitofemoral
arises-
Divides into-
innervates-

A

arises- L1-2
divides in to- genital and femoral branches
innervates- skin below inguinal ligament

24
Q

lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
arises-
innervates-

A

arises- L2 and L3

innervates- anterolateral skin of thigh

25
Q

Femoral nerve
arises
innervates

A

arises: L2-4
innervates: iliacus, hip flexors, knee extensors

26
Q

obturator nerve
arises
innervates

A

arises: L2-4
innervates: medial thigh and adductors

27
Q

accessory obturator nerve
arises
innervates

A

arise from L3-4

innervates pectineus and hip joint

28
Q

lumbosacral trunk

A

joins sacral plexus and arises from L4-5

29
Q

subcostal arteries
from:
go:

A

from: thoracic aorta
go: posterior body wall inferior to the 12th rib

30
Q

inferior phrenic arteries
from:
go:

A

from: abdominal Ao
go: inferior surface of diaphragm and suprarenal glands (superior portion)

31
Q

renal artery
from:
go:

A

from: abdominal Ao
go: kidneys

32
Q

suprarenal arteries
from:
go:

A

from: abdominal Ao
go: suprarenal gland

33
Q

Gonadal arteries (testicular or ovarian)
from:
go:

A

from: abdominal Ao
go: testes and ovaries

34
Q

lumbar arteries
from:
go:

A

from: abdominal Ao
go: posterior abdominal wall

35
Q

median sacral
from:
go:

A

from: abdominal Ao
go: unpaired- goes to sacrum and coccyx

36
Q

where does the abdominal aorta split? what is it split into? what do those split into?

A
  • right and left common iliac arteries

- split into internal and external iliac arteries

37
Q

what is important to note about the blood coming back from the gut thru the IVC to the heart?

A

it must go thru the portal system first

38
Q

where do the left, right and middle hepatic veins come out of and empty into?

A

out of liver into IVC

39
Q

where are the right and left inferior phrenic veins coming out of and emptying into?

A

inferior portion of diaphragm and empty into IVC

40
Q

Right suprarenal vein going where? from what?

A

from the suprarenal gland to IVC

41
Q

*LEFT SUPRARENAL VEIN

going? where from?

A

going to renal vein

comes from the left suprarenal gland

42
Q

lumbar veins
where is it going?
where does it come from?

A

where is it going? IVC

where does it come from?posterior body wall

43
Q

right gonadal veins
where is it going?
where does it come from?

A

where is it going? IVC

where does it come from? right testicle or ovary

44
Q

*left gonadal veins
where is it going?
where does it come from?

A

where is it going? left renal vein

where does it come from? left testicle or ovary

45
Q

how can blood bypass the inferior vena cava and return to the heart if there is blockage via:

A
  • superior and inferior epigastric veins
  • thoracoepigastric veins
  • epidural venous plexus

anatomy exam 4 (8 decks)

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