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anatomy exam 4 > abdominal cavity 2- overview of supporting systems > Flashcards

abdominal cavity 2- overview of supporting systems Flashcards

1
Q

what type of muscle is present at the esophagus at the pharyngeal end? Gastric end?

A
  • pharyngeal end- striated muscle (voluntary)

- gastric end- smooth- involuntary

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2
Q

where does the esophagus enter the diaphragm?

A

at the esophageal hiatus and joins with the esophagogastric junction

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3
Q

what are the 5 divisions of the duodenum?

A

-superior
-terminal slip
-descending
-horizontal
-ascending
all are secondarily retroperitoneal EXCEPT for SUPERIOR AND TERMINAL SLIP THAT ARE INTRAPERITONEAL

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4
Q

what’s the duodenum? what is important about the duodenum?

A

-first and shortest portion of the small intestine (20-23 ft)
-it is were all of the ducts excrete things from liver, gall bladder and pancreas
(makes sense since it is the first part of the small intestine and wanna get lubricated early)

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5
Q

jejunum

A
  • follows the duodenum of the small intestine and starts where the small intestine becomes free from secondary (retroperitoneal) adhesion to the peritoneum (no adhered mesentery)
  • runs 40% of length between the duodenum and cecum and blends into ileum
  • intraperitoneal
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6
Q

Ileum

A
  • last remaining 60% of the small intestine between the jujunum and the cecum
  • intraperitoneal
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7
Q

how do you distinguish large intestine from small?

A

large intestine has

  • taenia coli- line thru intestine
  • haustra- bubble pouches
  • epiploic appendages- fatty droplets
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8
Q

Cecum

A
  • distal portion of the large intestine where
    appendix attaches
    -intraperitoneal
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9
Q

ascending colon

A
  • attaches to cecum of the large intestine and forms right paracolic gutter
  • secondarily peritoneal
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10
Q

transverse colon

A
  • between left and right colic flexures
  • fuses with greater omentum (makes sense since the greater omentum lies under stomach)
  • intraperitoneal
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11
Q

descending colon

A
  • secondarily retroperitoneal

- forms left paracolic gutter

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12
Q

rectum

A
  • fixed portion of large intestine
  • primarily retroperitoneal
  • where hold feces before allowed to move body
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13
Q

what three main arteries come off of the celiac trunk

A

1) common hepatic
2) left gastric
3) splenic

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14
Q

what does the left gastric artery supply?

A

the proximal portion of the lesser curvature of the stomach

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15
Q

what are the branches of the splenic artery and what do they supply?

A

1) pancreatic artery- pancreas
2) short gastric artery- stomach
3) gastro-omental artery- greater curvature of the stomach

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16
Q

what are the three branches of the common hepatic artery and what do they supply?

A
  • gastroduodenal -gives rise to several arteries
  • right gastric artery- goes to the lesser curvature of the stomach
  • proper hepatic artery- has a couple branches
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17
Q

what are the branches of the gastroduodenal artery and what do they supply?

A
  • right gastro-omental artery- goes to the right side of the greater curvature of the stomach
  • superior pancreaticoduodenal artery- goes to stomach, pancreas and head of duodenum and enastemoses with inferior duodenal (branch of superior mesenteric)
  • supraduodenal artery goes to superior duodenum (sometimes absent)
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18
Q

what are the branches of the proper hepatic artery and what do they supply?

A
  • right hepatic artery- gives of cystic artery to gall bladder and goes to liver
  • left hepatic artery- to liver
19
Q

what artery comes off of the right hepatic and what does it supply?

A

cystic artery, gall bladder

20
Q

INFERIOR pancreaticoduodental artery

A

-supplies head of pancreas and duodenum
branch
-off the superior mesentery
-enastamoses with superior pancreaticoduodenal (off the gastroduodenal division of the common hepatic which is off the celiac trunk)

21
Q

intestinal branch

A
  • supplies the jejunum and the ileum

- branch off the superior mesentery

22
Q

ileocolic artery

A
  • off superior mesentery

- supplies lower ileum and cecum

23
Q

right colic artery

A
  • off superior mesentery

- supplies ascending colon

24
Q

middle colic artery

A
  • off superior mesentery

- supplies transverse colon

25
Q

marginal artery

A
  • anything but marginal!
  • off the superior mesenteric and anastomoses with middle colic, right colic, iliocolic and left colic arteries
  • gives rise to vasae rectae (straight vessels)
  • BASICALLY CONNECTS SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERIES- ALLOWS FOR VARIATION IN ARTERIES
26
Q

left colic artery

A
  • off the inferior mesenteric

- supplies descending colon

27
Q

sigmoid artery

A
  • off the inferior mesenteric

- supplies sigmoid colon

28
Q

superior rectal artery

A
  • off the inferior mesenteric

- goes to proximal rectum

29
Q

other than the superior pancreaticoduodental artery, what does the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery enastemose with?

A

jejunal arteries

30
Q

what are the loops of arteries in the intestines called and what are their purpose?

A
  • arcades

- to provides alternate routes to get to pts of intestines if one place is blocked

31
Q

where does the taenia coli end?

A

sigmoid colon

32
Q

the veins of the abdomen go thru what two systems to get back to the heart?

A

-the hepatic portal system and then the IVC

33
Q

how are the superior mesenteric vein and inferior mesenteric different?

A

-inferior mesenteric drains into the splenic v

while the superior mesenteric drains directly to the hepatic portal vein

34
Q

what is a portal system?

A

-a between two capillary beds

35
Q

hepatic portal system

A
  • capillaries of guts plus sinusoids of liver (that are picking up blood and filtering the blood thru the liver) and drain into the IVC
  • the major portal system for mammals
  • includes the splenic vein, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric
36
Q

how are drugs that are taken orally processed differently from those taken rectally?

A
  • drugs taken orally are put thru the hepatic portal system (go thru liver) and changed into something else
  • rectally, venous drainage is through the internal iliac that bypasses the liver
37
Q

what can cause liver enlargement?

A
  • cirrhosis
  • hepatitis
  • hepatic tumors
  • cardiac valvular disease
38
Q

If the liver is enlarged and the portal system is experiencing htn, what are some ways that blood can find ways around the hepatic portal vein (portal-caval anastomoses)? what conditions can each cause?

A
  • esophageal anastomoses- causes esophageal varices that can burst and cause someone to drown in blood at trachea
  • rectal- can cause external hemorrhoids
  • umbilical- can cause embryo veins to reopen and fill to cause caput medusa- worm-like structures in the stomach
  • colonic- bridge between portal vein and body wall vein- asymptomatic
39
Q

in the foregut, where do the sypathetics arise? where do they synapse? where do post synaptic branches follow?

A
  • sym- T5-9 spinal nerves
  • synapse at the celiac ganglia
  • follows celiac trunk
40
Q

where do the parasympathetics of the foregut arise from?

A
  • the brain
  • pass thru vagus and celiac plexus (no synapse)
  • follow branches of celiac trunk
41
Q

where do the sympathetics arise from in the Midgut?

A

arise from T10-12

synapse at superior mesenteric ganglion

42
Q

where do the parasympathics of the midgut arise from?

A
  • the brain

- pass thru vagus and superior mesenteric plexus (no synapsing)

43
Q

where do the sympathetics of the hindgut arise from

A

L1-L2 spinal nerves

synapse at inferior mesenteric ganglion

44
Q

where do the parasympathetics of the hindgut arise from?

A

IMPORTANT: S2-S4 (NOT THE BRAIN)

synapse in the gut ganglia in the gut plexuses

anatomy exam 4 (8 decks)

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