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anatomy exam 4 > Abdominal Cavity III > Flashcards

Abdominal Cavity III Flashcards

1
Q

greater peritoneal sac

A
  • space surrounding the spleen and stomach

- when cutting into peritoneum, cutting into this fatty layer

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2
Q

lesser peritoneal sac

what does it do?

A
  • space behind the stomach between the posterior body wall and the stomach
  • provides mobility for the stomach
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3
Q

epiploic foramen

A

space between the greater and lesser peritoneal sacs

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4
Q

greater omentum

3 pts

A

fatty apron
3 pts-
gastrocolic ligament- attaches stomach to transverse colon
gastrolieneal colon-spleen to greater curvature of the stomach
gastrophrenic -connecting the stomach to diaphragm

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5
Q

Lesser omentum

A
  • 2 parts
  • not attached to body wall
  • hepatoduodenal ligament- connects liver to duodenum
  • hepatogastric ligament- connects liver to stomach
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6
Q

Dorsal mesointestine

A
  • supports the ileum and jejunum

- think- meso is middle and it’s between the ileum and jejunum

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7
Q

dorsal mesocolon

A
  • connects to transverse colon
  • moveable
  • only part of the colon that’s intraperitoneal
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8
Q

mesoappendix

A

supports appendix

connects appendix to cecum and last part of the appendix

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9
Q

transverse mesocolon

A

-divides the abdominal cavity into supracolic compartment containing stomach, liver and spleen and the infracolic compartment containing small intestine and ascending and descending colon

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10
Q

sigmoid mesocolon

A

supports sigmoid colon

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11
Q

lienorenal ligament

A

passes from left kidney to spleen

lie = spleen

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12
Q

gastrolienal ligament

A

passes from stomach to spleen

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13
Q

coronary ligaments for the liver

A
  • connects liver to diaphragm
  • peritoneal reflections around bare area (area of liver under the coronary ligament that never gets visceral peritoneum)
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14
Q

hepatorenal ligament

A

coronary ligament running between peritoneum above right kidney and liver

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15
Q

falciform ligament

A

remnant of ventral mesentery connecting liver to anterior body wall

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16
Q

ligamentum teres (round ligament)

A

part of the falciform ligament

remnant of the fetal umbilical vein

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17
Q

what’s the great divider of the greater and lesser omentum?

A

the stomach

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18
Q

what does the muscularis externa turn into in the colon?

A

taenia coli

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19
Q

function of esophagus

A

tx food from mouth to stomach via peristalsis with circular and longitudinal muscle

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20
Q 
function of the stomach
what helps with the stomach stretching?
A
  • MECHANICAL food breakdown via muscular churning
  • has HCl and Pepsin that aid in process
  • when food broken down, called chime
  • RUGAE help with stomach stretching- wrinkles that increase surface area
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21
Q

pyloris

A

part of the stomach where stomach turns into duodenum

pyloric sphincter here

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22
Q

sliding versus paraesophageal hernias

A

sliding- stomach slides in and out of esophageal hiatus causing intermittent probs
paraesophageal- most of stomach in pleural cavity permanently causing breathing and digestive probs

23
Q

what is the main function of the small intestine? how does it do its job?

A
  • to absorb the nutrients, electrolytes and water

- does so thru CHEMICAL breakdown of chime via secretion of bicarb to neutralize its acidity

24
Q

How are fats broken down in the duodenum?

A

-via bile made by the liver

25
Q

how are carbs broken down in the duodenum?

A
  • pancreatic juices
26
Q

what part of the small intestine is responsible for absorbing iron?

A

duodenum

27
Q

what part of the small intestine is responsible for absorbing vitamin B12?

A

ileum

28
Q

were does most absorption happen in the small intestine

A

jejunum

29
Q

what are the major and minor duodenal papilla and how are they different?

A

major- where pancreatic juices and bile are secreted

minor- only pancreatic juices

30
Q

plicae circularis

A

pleats in the duodenum that allow for increase in surface area and thus increase in absorption

31
Q

function of large intestine

A

1) absorb water and remaining salts
- bacteria there synthesize vitamins (vit k)
2) moves, stores, and evaculates feces

32
Q

plicae semilunaris

A
  • like plicae circularis

- increase surface area for abs. of water

33
Q

appendix basic fxn

A

-have lymphoid cells that help with immune response

34
Q

rectum

A

stores feces until ready to go

35
Q

function of liver

A
  • detox
  • bile prdxn
  • protein synthesis
  • metabolism of carbs and metabolite storage
36
Q

what are the four lobes of the liver?

A

right- biggest
left- super small
caudate lobe- near the IVC quadrate lobe- lower part of liver on other side of the gall bladder from the right lobe

37
Q

bare area of the liver is at what lobe?

A

right

38
Q

where does the round ligament come off of? and what is it again?

A

the liver between the left lobe and quadrate lobe

39
Q

porta hepatis

A

-“portal” by which vessels come in
-round area in center of liver where 3 things are:
portal vein, hepatic artery and the bile duct (that leads to the gall bladder)

40
Q

portal vein- how does circulation work?

A
  • carries oxygen poor, nutrient rich blood from the gut
  • blood runs thru the lobules of the liver where nutrients can be extracted and blood can be detoxified before it drains into the CENTRAL VEIN and goes back toward the heart via the HEPATIC VEIN
41
Q

Gall bladder innervated by? blood supply via?

A
  • celiac plexus and some phrenic
  • blood supply- via cystic artery and right hepatic artery (helpful: right is larger thus it makes sense why that artery would supply gall bladder too)
42
Q

function of gall bladder

A

stores and concentrates bile- that’s why it’s green!

43
Q

common bile duct

A

where the liver sends bile thru to get to the gall bladder for storage- goes thru cystic duct to get there
also bile leaves cystic duct and goes thru common bile to get out into the duodenum via the MAJOR duodenal papilla

44
Q

gall stones become a problem when…

A

they come out and become lodged into the common bile duct

45
Q

pancreas fxn

A
  • main enzyme producing accessory gland of digestive system
  • pancreatic juice breaks down ALL organic constituents of food
  • endocrine fxn-secretes insulin and glucagon
46
Q

pancreatic innervation

A

celiac plexus and superior mesenteric plexus

47
Q

what is the structure of the pancreas

A
  • head (attached to duodenum at major or minor duodenal papilla)
  • neck, body, tail
48
Q

what are the two ways that pancreatic juices can get out of the pancreas?

A
  • accessory hepatic duct

- main duct- meets up with common bile duct

49
Q

what innervates the spleen

A

celiac plexus

50
Q

fxn of spleen

A
  • white cell maturation
  • destroys bad RBCs
  • proliferation of mature lymphocytes in response to antigens
  • antibody secretion
  • recycle chemicals from destroyed RBCs
  • reservoir for and rapid deployment of undifferentiated monocytes
51
Q

artery and vein of spleen

A

splenic artery and vein

52
Q

splenomegaly

A
  • huge spleen
  • mono
  • liver diseases
  • cancers
53
Q

what would pain in the right lower quadrant indicate? what causes it and why is there referred pain? incision point?

A
  • appendicitis
  • trapped stool or stomach infection
  • shift- starts as visceral pain but once it starts to irritate that parietal peritoneum (body wall), become somatic pain where all somatic nerves are coming
  • mcburney’s point

anatomy exam 4 (8 decks)

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