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HD 2 > Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What three arteries (branches of the internal iliac) exit the pelvis? Through which foramen do they pass?

A

Greater sciatic foramen

Superior gluteal artery, inferior gluteal artery and the internal pudendal artery

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2
Q

What muscles do the gluteal arteries supply?

A

Superior supplies gluteus medius and minimus

Inferior supplies gluteus maximus

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3
Q

What are the three branches of the internal pudendal artery that supply the perineum?

A

Inferior rectal
Perineal
Dorsal clitoral/penis

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4
Q

What are the arteries of the pelvic viscera? (7)

A 
Umbilical artery (obliterates)
Superior vesical arteries
Obturator Artery
Inferior vesical artery
(Uterine Arteries)
(Vaginal Artery)
Middle rectal arteries
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5
Q

What do the vesical arteries supply?

A

Bladder

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6
Q

What level does the ovarian artery come off the abdominal aorta?

A

L2-3

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7
Q

What is the most common area for ectopic pregnancy?

A

Ampulla of fallopian tube

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8
Q

Ectopic pregnancy - where might pain be referred to?

A

Shoulder, neck, or rectum

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9
Q

What ligaments are there that support the uterus? (3)

A

Transverse cervical (cardinal) ligaments
Pubocervical ligaments
Sacrocervical ligaments

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10
Q

What is the normal position of the uterus?

A

Anteverted and anteflexed

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11
Q

Levator ani - what are the four fibres/muscles that comprise this? The join together in the middle to form…?

A

Sphincter vaginae
Puborectalis
Pubococcygeus
Iliococcygeus

MIDLINE (LEVATOR) RAPHE

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12
Q

What does sphincter vaginae do?

A

Forms a sling around prostate/vagina and inserts into the perineal body (supports constrict vagina).

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13
Q

What does puborectalis do?

A

Forms sling from pubic bone around rectoanal junction.

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14
Q

What are the pelvic splanchnic nerves?

A

Parasympathetic to inferior hypogastric plexus. Come from S2, S3 and S4.

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15
Q

What are the nerve roots for the pudendal nerve?

A

S2-4

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16
Q

After a difficult childbirth, the levator ani muscles may fail to recoil and take up their previous position.
What complications may occur? (3)

A

Prolapse (uterine, vaginal, rectal)
Herniation of the bladder (cytocele)
Stress incontinence

17
Q

What makes up the female superficial pouch?

A

3 masses of erectile tissue
3 muscles
Bartholin’s gland
Perineal body

18
Q

What are the three muscles of the female superficial pouch?

A

Bulbospongiosus
Ischiocavernosus
Superficial transverse perineal muscle

19
Q

What are the three masses of erectile tissue of the female superficial pouch?

A

Bulb of vestibule (attached to urogenital diaphram, divided by vagina)
Crura of clitoris

20
Q

What are the contents of the pudendal canal?

A

Pudendal nerve

Internal pudendal artery/vein

21
Q

What are the branches of the pudendal nerve?

A

Inferior rectal nerve
Dorsal nerve of penis/clitoris
Perineal nerve

22
Q

What are the branches of the internal pudendal artery?

A

Inferior rectal

Branches to penis, labia + clitoris

23
Q

Nocioception in viscera can cause pain which is consciously experienced – particularly if…?

A

The GVA travels with sympathetic nerves

24
Q

GVA impulses reach the spinal cord through sympathetic pathways through ____ from the thoracic viscera and _____ for most of the abdomen.

A

T1-T5

T5-L2

25
Q

GVA impulses travel with parasympathetic splanchnic nerves in the pelvis. What are the nerve roots?

A

S2-S4

26
Q

For labour, what three types of anaesthesia/block can be done?

A

Spinal Anaesthesia
Pudendal nerve block
Caudal epidural block

27
Q

Where is spinal anaesthesia given? What is the effect of this?

A

Subarachnoid space L4-5

Complete anaesthesia below the waist

28
Q

What is a common side effect of spinal anaesthesia?

A

Headache

29
Q

Where is a pudendal nerve block given? What is the effect of this?

A 
Pudendal nerve (S2-4)
Anaesthesia of perineum and lower 1/4 vagina - somatic, the nerve alone is affected.
30
Q

Where/how is a caudal epidural block given? What is the effect of this?

A

Anaesthetic administered to catheter in sacral canal. This blocks out visceral pain from the cervix and vagina AS WELL AS somatic pain. Limbs are still unaffected and the mother can bare down with her abdominal muscles to assist contractions.

31
Q

Where does the majority of lymphatic drainage from the vagina go to? What about the ovaries?

A

Iliac lymph nodes

Preaortic

HD 2 (25 decks)

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