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06- ENT > Anatomy of the Ear > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Ear Flashcards

1
Q

what is the pterion?

A

the thinnest part of the skull

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2
Q

the sqaumous part is superior/inferior to the petrous part

A

sqaumous is superior

petrous is inferior

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3
Q

identify these structures

A
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4
Q

which bones form the base of the skull?

n.b- as if looking down

A

frontal

ethmoid

sphenoid

temporal

occipital

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5
Q

what are the boundaries of eh external ear?

A

auricle to tympanic membrane

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6
Q

what is the function of the external ear?

A

collects and conveys sounds waves to tympanic membrane

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7
Q

what are the boundaries of the middle ear?

A

tympanic mebrane to oval window

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8
Q

what is the function of the middle ear?

A

amplifies and conducts sound waves to the internal ear

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9
Q

the eustachian tube belongs to which part of the ear?

A

middle ear

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10
Q

what are the boundaries of the internal ear?

A

oval window to internal acoustic meatus

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11
Q

what is the function of the internal ear?

A

converts special sensory information into fluid waves then APs and conducts these to the brain

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12
Q

what is the auricle?

A

visible part of the ear

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13
Q

where are three features of the auricle?

A

helix

tragus

ear lobe

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14
Q

what are some lympthnodes in the head and neck that the auricle drains to?

A

parotid lymph nodes

mastoid lymph nodes

superficial cervical lymph nodes

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15
Q

auricle lymphatic drainage all eventually drians to where?

A

deep cervical lymph nodes (in carotid sheath)

thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct

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16
Q

the external ear is made up of elastic cartilage true/false?

A

true- avascular

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17
Q

earwax is produced by what ?

A

ceruminous glands

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18
Q

an otoscope allows you to examine what?

A

the EAM and tympanic membrane

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19
Q

the EAM is curved/straight in children?

A

sraight in children

curved in adults

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20
Q

when perfroming an otoscope exam how should you pull the ear in children and aduls?

A

posteroinferiorly in children

posterosuperiorly in adults

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21
Q

what is the pars flaccida?

A

thinnest part of tympanic membrane- found superiorly

22
Q

what is the umbo?

A

most inwardly depressed part of tympanic membrane

23
Q

what is the thickest part of the tympanic membrane?

A

pars tensa

24
Q

the external surface of the typanic membrane is innervated by what?

A

CN V3

internal surface- CN IX

25
Q

glossopharyngeal nerve provides sensory innervation to what?

A

middle ear cavity

eustachian tube

nasopharynx

osopharynx

tonsils

26
Q

what are the auditory ossicles?

A

3 bones of the middle ear

27
Q

the auditory ossicles articulate via what joints?

A

synovial joints

28
Q

handle of ______ adherent to internal aspect of tympanic mebrane creates the umbo

A

malleous

29
Q

the ______ recess is superior to the tympanic membrane

A

epitympanic recess

30
Q

what in the ear is also known as the ‘stirrup’

A

stapes

31
Q

the base (footplate of the stapes) fits into what?

A

the oval window

32
Q

what si the function of the stapedius muscle?

A

reduces stapes movement to protect the internal ear from excessive noise

33
Q

describe the path of the facial nerve through petrous temporal bone

A

internal acoustic meatus

facial canal of petrous temporal bone

stylomastoid foramen

34
Q

the facial nerve gives off a branch just before reaching the stylomastoid foramen. What is this branch called?

A

chorda tympani

35
Q

loss of this structure in the cheeks is a clinical sign of malnutrition

A

loss of buccal fat pad

36
Q

lacerations across this part of the lip must be carefully sutured by a specialist

A

vermillion border of the iips

37
Q

what can you ask a patient to do to clinically test muscles of facial expression?

A

frown

close eyes tightly

smile

puff out cheeks

38
Q

what conditon affects CN VII resulting in the inability to use your facial muscles?

A

Bells palsy

39
Q

what are the two parts of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

cochlear nerve- hearing

vestibular nerve- balance

40
Q

the internal ear is contained within what?

A

Otic capsule

41
Q

define bony labrynth

A

sapce within the otic capsule filled with perilymph

42
Q

perilymph is similar ot extra/intracellular fluid?

A

perilymph similar to extracellular fluid

endolymph similar to intracellular fluid

43
Q

endolymph is found where?

A

membranous labyrinth suspended inside perilymph of bony labyrinth

44
Q

what is the cupula of the cochlea?

A

apex of spiral

45
Q

APs from the cochlear duct are conducted to the brainstem in what nerve?

A

cochlear nerve

46
Q

APs in the semicircular ducts are conducted to the brainstem in what nerve?

A

vestibular nerve

47
Q

what is the cochlear duct?

A

long baloon like structure within cochlea filled with perilympth

48
Q

what are the semicircular ducts?

A

inter-linked balloon like structures within semicircular canals filled with endolympth

49
Q

describe sound transmission (7)

A
  1. sound waves make tympanic membrane vibrate
  2. vibrations transmitted through ossicles
  3. base of stapes vibrates in oval window
  4. vibration of stapes creates pressure waves in perilympth
  5. hair cells in cochlea are moved nueotransmitter released cochlear nerve picks up APs
  6. pressure waves descend and become vibrations again
  7. pressure waves are dampened at roudn window
50
Q

damage to the facial nerve could present with what?

A

struggles with facial expression

dry mouth/eyes

loss of taste from ant 2/3rds of tongue

n.b usually ipsilateral i.e right side loss= right side symtpoms

06- ENT (7 decks)

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