Anatomy

Question 1

name the aspects of the external nose from superior to inferior

Answer 1

root

dorsum

apex (tip

ala

septum

Question 2

what is the philtrum?

Answer 2

dimple in the septum

note- septum deviated in most people, this is normal

Question 3

is hyaline cartilage vascularised?

Answer 3

no- avascular

Question 4

what forms the roof of the nasal cavity?

Answer 4

cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone

Question 5

what feature can be seen on the cribiform plate?

Answer 5

crista galli

Question 6

what forms the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

Answer 6

superior and middle conchae

Question 7

what forms the septum?

Answer 7

perpindicular plate of ethmoid

Question 8

which Le Fort fractures can disrupt the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone?

Answer 8

Le Fort II & III

Question 9

what is the danger with Le Fort II & III fractures?

Answer 9

danger of infection spreading from nasal cavity & paranasal sinuses into anterior cranial fossa

Question 10

which two bones make up the medial wall of the septum?

Answer 10

ethmoid and vomer

Question 11

what are the three kinds of mucosa in the nasal cavity?

Answer 11

keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

respiratory epithelium

olfactory mucosa

Question 12

which mucosa lines the posterosuperior aspect of the nasal cavity?

Answer 12

olfactory

Question 13

what mucosa is resposible for smell?

Answer 13

olfactory

Question 14

where does the olfactory tract end?

Answer 14

temporal lobe

Question 15

which divisions of CN III supply the anterosuperior and posteroinferior aspects of the nasal cavity?

Answer 15

anterosuperior- CN III V1

posteroinferior- CN iii V2

Question 16

which blood vessels originate from the external carotid?

Answer 16

facial

maxillary

Question 17

which blood vessels arise from the internal carotid artery?

Answer 17

ophthalmic

Question 18

the ophthalmic artery gives rise to which arteries?

Answer 18

anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries

Question 19

the maxillary artery gives rise to which arteries?

Answer 19

sphenopalatine and greater palatine arteries

Question 20

the facial artery gives rise to which arteries?

Answer 20

lateral nasal branch of facial or

spetal branhc of superior labial artery

Question 21

what is the name of the arterial anastomosis on the nasal septum?

Answer 21

Kiesselbach’s area

note: also known as ‘little’s’ area

Question 22

why is keisselbachs area clinically important?

Answer 22

common site of epistaxis (nosebleeds)

Question 23

concha are also known as what?

Answer 23

turbunates

Question 24

which concha are of the ethmoid bone?

Answer 24

superior and middle

Question 25

what are meatuses?

Answer 25

‘spaces’ under each concha

superior, middle and inferior

Question 26

in addition to the meatuses what other ‘space’ is there? (located between the superior conhca and ethmoid)

Answer 26

spenoethmoidal recess

Question 27

what are vibrissae?

Answer 27

small hairs in keratinised stratified squamous epithelium to filter air we breathe in

Question 28

how does mucous drain into the nasal cavities?

Answer 28

through ostia in lateral walls of nasal cavity

Question 29

what are the 4 pairs of paransal sinuses?

Answer 29

frontal sinuses

maxillary sinuses

ethmoidal air cells

sphenoidal sinuses

Question 30

where do each of the paranasal sinuses drain?

Answer 30

frontal and maxiallry → middle meatus

ethmoidal → superior an dmiddle meatus

sphenoidal → sphenoethmoidal recess

Question 31

where does lacrimal fluid drain?

Answer 31

nasolacrimal duct which drains into inferior meatus of nasal cavity

Question 32

which paranasal sinuses are most at risk of sinusitis?

Answer 32

maxillary

Question 33

the two maxillary sinuses are termed what?

Answer 33

antra

Question 34

pain in sinusitis can be reffered where?

Answer 34

to teeth

Question 35

what nerves provide pain sensation in sinusitis?

Answer 35

CN V1 and V2