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xCase 22 SBA > Anatomy of the Basal Ganglia > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Basal Ganglia Flashcards

1
Q

Whats 2 structures make up the Neostriatum? (striatum

A

caudate nucleus and Putamen

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2
Q

what structures make up the Lentiform nucleus?

A

Putamen + globus pallidus

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3
Q

What are the Structures (blue, purple and Green)

A

Blue- caudate nucleus

Green- putamen

Purple- Globus pallisu

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4
Q

Labelled the colourred Structures

A

Blue Lateral ventricle

2- Caudate nucleus

Yello- internal capsule

Green- putamen

Purple- globus pallidus

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5
Q

Label this

A
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6
Q

What are we Looking at?

A

Substania Nigra in the midbrain

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7
Q

what is the Green structure?

A

caudate nucleus

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8
Q

What is the Green structure

A
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9
Q

What is the this? (1,2,3,4)

A

1- caudate nuclues

2- putamen

3 globus pallidus externa

4- globus pallidus interna

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10
Q

what is the structure in Green?

A

thalamus

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11
Q

what are the 2 labelled Structures

A

Substania nigra (green)

subthalamic nuclues (other labelled ting)

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12
Q

what is the nucleus accumbens?

A

head of caudate nucleus + putamen?

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13
Q

what strcuture runs between caudtae nucleus and the putamen?

A

Internal capsule (white matter track)

where the corona radiata condense!

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14
Q

what are the 2 labelled structures?

A

Globus pallidus interna and externa!

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15
Q

what are the 3 structures labelled?

A
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16
Q

what is the internal capsule?

A

cocnentration of white matter project fibres (convey impulses to and from cortex

(corona radiata condenses- motor and sensory fibres)

17
Q

Label the different parts of the internal capsule

A

Anteriro limb

genu (body)

porsteiror

Retrodenicula part

18
Q

What is the main blood supply to the basal ganlia/associated nucleis and internal capsule?

A

Lenticulostriate arteries

Branch of the middle Cerebral artery

19
Q

Describe the role of Motor Loops of the Basal ganglia

A
20
Q

which nuclei of the basal ganglia recieve input

A

Caudate nucleus , putamen

21
Q

which nuceli of the basal ganglia are ‘intrinsic (process information)

A

globus pallidus externus

subthalamic nucleus

substania nigra (pars compacta)

22
Q

what nulei of the BG are the ouput nuclei ?

A

Globus pallidus interna

substania nigra (pars reticulate)

23
Q

what are the roles of the direct and indirect pathway?

A
24
Q

Describe the Direct pathway

A

Cortex—–> striatun (caudate/putamen- Glutaminic acid)—–> this inhibits the glbus pallidus and substania nigra pars reticulata (output)—-> inhbiting there inhibitory action—–> thalmus increase acitivity (glutamic acid)—–> Cortex

Also have the dopaminergic Neurones of the SN pars compacta exert excitatory influence of the striatum

25
Q

describe the effect of Degeneration of the Dopaminergic neuroens of substania nigra pars compacta

A

Underactivity of the direct pathway (striatonigral)- movement

decrease dopamine release

Less activation of striatum

so less inhbition of globus pallidus interna and substania nigra pars reticulata

results in akinesia of Parkinsons disease

26
Q

describe the indirect pathway?

A

Cerebral cortex——> caudate putamen ——> inhbit the globus pallidus externus from inhibiting subthalmaic neurones

increase in subthalamic neuronaal activity—–> excite globus pallidus interna and SN reticulata —–> increase inhbition of thalamus

stop excitement of thalmus up to Cortex

27
Q

Describe how the Subthalmic nucleus can also recieve excitatory signal directly from the cortex? what does this do

A

Hyper Direct pathway (of the indirect pathway)

28
Q

Describe the neuropathology of Huntingtomns

A

attrition of the cells that project to the globus pallidus externus

Lack of Inhbtiion from the striatum and therefore lakc of inhbtiion of subthamic nucleus

Globus palliduse internus are underactive and unwanted movemetns occur

xCase 22 SBA (11 decks)

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