Ageing Brain

Question 1

what changes in ageing brain phycailly (volume ior neuronal number)

Answer 1

voume of neurones decreaes

5% per decade after age 40

increase particualry over 70

Question 2

how do synpases change in the ageing brain?

Answer 2

decrease in dendritic synopases and loss of synpatic plasticiity

Question 3

how do doepamine levels in the brain change as we age?

Answer 3

levels decline by aroun 10% per decade form early childhood linked with ciogntive delcine and motor performance

older ag eincrease risk of parkinsons

Question 4

how does a young vs older hippocmpaise change with regardt to Redox signalling regulation?

Answer 4

regulation of ROS altered- increase oxidative stress in the brain cells

Question 5

how does white matter chnage in the brain with age?

Answer 5

reduced white matter with age

myeline sheath deteriortiation after around age 40

Question 6

DEscribe the different types of memory?

Answer 6

Declarative - sematinc (facts ), epsidoci (events)

non declarative- procedural (skill), emotional condioning (memory stored in amygdalad), priiming effect (someoens says doctirs think of associated things), conditioned reflex (learn to associat previousl unrelated sitmuli with differen stimulsut

Question 7

what is forgetting?

Question 8

what is retrograde amnesia?

Answer 8

lose signifcant amount of memory from specific time BEFORE lesion

Question 9

what is anterograde amneisa?

Answer 9

unable to form and create new memories

Question 10

what is korsakoff syndrome?

Answer 10

amensia caueed by thiamine deficiency (B!), secondary to malnutriton in chronic alcoholism

Question 12

what is the role of the parietal lobe?

Answer 12

multimodal sensory integration

spatial organisation

spatail, abstract reasomning

Question 13

what region is highly connected to the MTL and diencephalic structures and what is its function?

Answer 13

Pre frontal cortex- self-awareness, capcity for planning, attention, behaviour and judgement

Question 14

what are the Neuropathophysivolocal hallmarks of AD (proteins)

Answer 14

beta-amyloid plaques

and neurofibrilliar tangles

APP proteins is the normal precuroprso- enxyme cuts it and causes the fragments to clump

Question 15

what moelcules are involed. in the nueorfibrillary tangles seen in AD

Answer 15

Tau molecules

TAU molcesules start to tangle , causing previosuly healthy micortubles to distinegrate