Anatomy of the Back Lecture Flashcards
What does the spinal cord lie in?
Vertebral canal
What structure does the spinal cord end at?
Conus medullaris
What spinal level does the spinal cord end at in an adult and a child?
L1/L2 in an adult
L3 in a child
What do lumbar and sacral nerves form?
Cauda equina
What does the pia mater extend and attach to as?
Extends as the folum terminale and attaches to coccyx
What is the spinal cord covered and protected by?
Meninges
What are the 3 layers of the meninges (from outside to inside)?
Dura mater
Arachnoid
Pia mater
What is between the arachnoid and the pia mater?
Subarachnoid space
What is the subanarachnoid space filled with?
Cerebrospinal fluid
Where does the dura mater and arachnoid extend to?
S3
Why are the cervical and lumbar regions of the spinal cord enlarged?
To allow for brachial and lumbar plexes nerves that supply the limbs
Where do spinal nerves emerge in relation to vertebrae and what they are celled?
Above the vertebrae (T3 nerve is above the T3 vertebrae)
What does the lateral horn contain?
Cell bodies of the sympathetic neurones
Where is the lateral horn present?
Between T1-L2/3 (sympathetic)
Between S2-S4 (parasympathetic)
Where are grey matter and white matter in relation to each other in the spinal cord?
White is on the outside
Grey is on the inside
What pathway do sympathetic fibres take once they leave the spinal cord?
1) Emerge in the vental root via a white ramus
2) Synapse to the sympathetic chain
3) Re-enter spinal nerve via grey ramus
4) Distributed in both dorsal and ventral rami
Do sympathetic fibres emerge in the dorsal or ventral root?
Ventral
What does the sympathetic trunk extend from and to?
C1 to Cc1
What is thoracic viscera?
Organs in the thoracic cavity
What is abdominal viscera?
Organs in the abdomen