Anatomy of MudPuppy

Question 1

It is an example of a primitive amphibian closely related to the forms from which more advanced higher land vertebrates develop

Answer 1

Necturus

Question 2

Its _____ ______ position as a _____ ______ is reflected in that it both retains some feature found in fish and exhibits structural dements corresponding to those in higher vertebrates

Answer 2

Intermediate phylogenetic, primitive terrestrial tetrapod

Question 3

Mud puppy has limbs and lungs thats why it is pkaced in this supercalss

Answer 3

Tetrapoda

Question 4

Because it has a tail it belongs to thing amphibian order

Answer 4

Urodela (Caudata)

Question 5

The most common form of genus Necturus

Answer 5

N. punctatus found fly in the lower segments of the rivers- small uniformly colored and a dwarf derivative

Question 6

Optimal temperature for its survival

Answer 6

18 degrees Celsius

Question 7

Where are Mudpuppys commonly found

Answer 7

Streams having a stony bed

Question 8

Since it spends its entire life in water it does nit undergo metamorphosis (as do most other amphibians) but rather retain _____

Answer 8

External gills

Question 9

The persistence of a larval characteristic in and adult animal that has not undergone metamorphosis is known as?

Answer 9

Neoteny

Question 10

The skin of Nectarus is specialized as a highly protective coat this protective quality is due to a slimy nature and the body color changes according to variations in environmental light, these are results of ____

Answer 10

Activities of distinct histological structures in the skin - epidermal layer

Question 11

Like other amphibians, Nectarus lacks ___

Answer 11

Scales

Question 12

Its skin is smooth and moist because of the presence of numerous glands that are capable of

Answer 12

secreting copious amounts of mucus

Question 13

Stratum means

Answer 13

Stratal/layer

Question 14

The integument of Necturus is consists of

Answer 14

Epidermis and a dermis

Question 15

The epidermis is made up of a

Answer 15

Stratum basalis, a layer of columnar cells - Epithelial base

Question 16

Stratum basalis rests several layers of increasing number of _____ ____ that grade into flattened cells near the free surface

Answer 16

Polyhedral cells

Question 17

The outermost squamous layer is only ________

Answer 17

Slightly cornified, as with all water-living amphibians

Question 18

A flattened polygonal tissue

Answer 18

Stratum corneum

Question 19

True cornified layer, is present in the land living amphibious such as frogs

Answer 19

Stratum corneum

Question 20

Characterized by the presence of numerous club or flask shaped cells which appear to be glandular nature

Answer 20

Epidermis

Question 21

Together with the mucous glands they are responsible for slime coat covering the body surface

Answer 21

Epidermis

Question 22

Located on the boundary of the dermis and epidermis

Answer 22

Chromotaphores

Question 23

The epidermis is separated from the dermis by a basement membrane and a fibrous layer containing pigments cells?

Answer 23

Chromatophores

Question 24

The general color of amphibians

Answer 24

Green

Question 25

Contains dark pigment, are the deepest, and are covered by a middle layer of iridocytes

Answer 25

Melanophores

Question 26

This are pseudochromatophores, Lacks pigments but contain crystals of guanine that diffract the light, has a blue green color

Answer 26

Iridocytes

Question 27

Most superficial of the three pigment layers is made up of a yellowish pigment that filters out the blue so that the overall color effect is green

Answer 27

Lipophores

Question 28

Changes in body coloration are determined by

Answer 28

Pigment cell activity

Question 29

In indirect response, impulses resulting from stimulation of the eyes are relayed first to the brain and then to the adrenal and pituitary glands causing

Answer 29

hormonal secretions that about pigment cell alteration

Question 30

Fibrous connective type of tissue

Answer 30

Dermis

Question 31

Relatively thin and is composed of an outer looser and an inner more compact skin

Answer 31

Dermis

Question 32

Looser dermis

Answer 32

Stratum spongiosum

Question 33

More compact dermis

Answer 33

Stratum compactum

Question 34

The dermis contains of:

Answer 34

Abundant number of blood vessels, lymph spaces, nerves, and glands

Question 35

Both of epidermal origin

Answer 35

Succular mucous glands and poison glands

Question 36

Lying just subadjacent to the epidermis

Answer 36

Mucous glands

Question 37

Low cuboidal or almost squamous cell lining

Answer 37

Mucous glands

Question 38

Containing granular, irregularly spaced secretary cekks that are larger and more deeply located

Answer 38

Poison glands

Question 39

Ensheathed in a heavy connective tissue

Answer 39

Poison glands

Question 40

Occur on the dorsal surface of the body and function as a deterrent to predators

Answer 40

Poison glands

Question 41

Flattened dorsoventrally, it contains a terminal mouth

Answer 41

Head

Question 42

These are fairly well developed and bound the mouth

Answer 42

Lips

Question 43

Widely separated at the anterior end of the snout, they communicate with the mouth at the internal nares

Answer 43

External nares

Question 44

Small, located above the corners of the mouth and they have no lids

Answer 44

Eyes

Question 45

Three in number, they are functional and are located just in front of the forelimbs

Answer 45

External gills

Question 46

Being derivatives of the integument, these gills are no homologous with the internal gills of fishes

Answer 46

External gills

Question 47

Two pairs are present bilaterally between the external gills, the communicate with the pharynx

Answer 47

Gill slits

Question 48

Transverse fold of skin located on the ventral surface, anterior to the level of the gills, it is the dividing line between head and trunk

Answer 48

Gular fold

Question 49

Compressed dorsoventrally and covered by a smooth skin

Answer 49

Trunk

Question 50

The forelimbs are small and weal and each is divided into an arm, a forearm, and head that bears fours digits

Answer 50

Pectoral limbs

Question 51

Spongey - loose - epithelial

Answer 51

Stratum compactum

Question 52

Provides slippery texture

Answer 52

Mucous glands

Question 53

This opening is located ventral in the midline, posterior to the hind limbs

Answer 53

Cloacal aperture

Question 54

Marks the posterior limit of the trunk, both digestive and excretory products pass through

Answer 54

Cloacal aperture

Question 55

Compressed laterally, it is well developed

Answer 55

Tail