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Comparative Anatomy > Anatomy of MudPuppy > Flashcards

Anatomy of MudPuppy Flashcards

1
Q

It is an example of a primitive amphibian closely related to the forms from which more advanced higher land vertebrates develop

A

Necturus

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2
Q

Its _____ ______ position as a _____ ______ is reflected in that it both retains some feature found in fish and exhibits structural dements corresponding to those in higher vertebrates

A

Intermediate phylogenetic, primitive terrestrial tetrapod

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3
Q

Mud puppy has limbs and lungs thats why it is pkaced in this supercalss

A

Tetrapoda

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4
Q

Because it has a tail it belongs to thing amphibian order

A

Urodela (Caudata)

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5
Q

The most common form of genus Necturus

A

N. punctatus found fly in the lower segments of the rivers- small uniformly colored and a dwarf derivative

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6
Q

Optimal temperature for its survival

A

18 degrees Celsius

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7
Q

Where are Mudpuppys commonly found

A

Streams having a stony bed

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8
Q

Since it spends its entire life in water it does nit undergo metamorphosis (as do most other amphibians) but rather retain _____

A

External gills

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9
Q

The persistence of a larval characteristic in and adult animal that has not undergone metamorphosis is known as?

A

Neoteny

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10
Q

The skin of Nectarus is specialized as a highly protective coat this protective quality is due to a slimy nature and the body color changes according to variations in environmental light, these are results of ____

A

Activities of distinct histological structures in the skin - epidermal layer

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11
Q

Like other amphibians, Nectarus lacks ___

A

Scales

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12
Q

Its skin is smooth and moist because of the presence of numerous glands that are capable of

A

secreting copious amounts of mucus

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13
Q

Stratum means

A

Stratal/layer

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14
Q

The integument of Necturus is consists of

A

Epidermis and a dermis

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15
Q

The epidermis is made up of a

A

Stratum basalis, a layer of columnar cells - Epithelial base

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16
Q

Stratum basalis rests several layers of increasing number of _____ ____ that grade into flattened cells near the free surface

A

Polyhedral cells

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17
Q

The outermost squamous layer is only ________

A

Slightly cornified, as with all water-living amphibians

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18
Q

A flattened polygonal tissue

A

Stratum corneum

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19
Q

True cornified layer, is present in the land living amphibious such as frogs

A

Stratum corneum

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20
Q

Characterized by the presence of numerous club or flask shaped cells which appear to be glandular nature

A

Epidermis

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21
Q

Together with the mucous glands they are responsible for slime coat covering the body surface

A

Epidermis

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22
Q

Located on the boundary of the dermis and epidermis

A

Chromotaphores

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23
Q

The epidermis is separated from the dermis by a basement membrane and a fibrous layer containing pigments cells?

A

Chromatophores

24
Q

The general color of amphibians

A

Green

25
Q

Contains dark pigment, are the deepest, and are covered by a middle layer of iridocytes

A

Melanophores

26
Q

This are pseudochromatophores, Lacks pigments but contain crystals of guanine that diffract the light, has a blue green color

A

Iridocytes

27
Q

Most superficial of the three pigment layers is made up of a yellowish pigment that filters out the blue so that the overall color effect is green

A

Lipophores

28
Q

Changes in body coloration are determined by

A

Pigment cell activity

29
Q

In indirect response, impulses resulting from stimulation of the eyes are relayed first to the brain and then to the adrenal and pituitary glands causing

A

hormonal secretions that about pigment cell alteration

30
Q

Fibrous connective type of tissue

A

Dermis

31
Q

Relatively thin and is composed of an outer looser and an inner more compact skin

A

Dermis

32
Q

Looser dermis

A

Stratum spongiosum

33
Q

More compact dermis

A

Stratum compactum

34
Q

The dermis contains of:

A

Abundant number of blood vessels, lymph spaces, nerves, and glands

35
Q

Both of epidermal origin

A

Succular mucous glands and poison glands

36
Q

Lying just subadjacent to the epidermis

A

Mucous glands

37
Q

Low cuboidal or almost squamous cell lining

A

Mucous glands

38
Q

Containing granular, irregularly spaced secretary cekks that are larger and more deeply located

A

Poison glands

39
Q

Ensheathed in a heavy connective tissue

A

Poison glands

40
Q

Occur on the dorsal surface of the body and function as a deterrent to predators

A

Poison glands

41
Q

Flattened dorsoventrally, it contains a terminal mouth

A

Head

42
Q

These are fairly well developed and bound the mouth

A

Lips

43
Q

Widely separated at the anterior end of the snout, they communicate with the mouth at the internal nares

A

External nares

44
Q

Small, located above the corners of the mouth and they have no lids

A

Eyes

45
Q

Three in number, they are functional and are located just in front of the forelimbs

A

External gills

46
Q

Being derivatives of the integument, these gills are no homologous with the internal gills of fishes

A

External gills

47
Q

Two pairs are present bilaterally between the external gills, the communicate with the pharynx

A

Gill slits

48
Q

Transverse fold of skin located on the ventral surface, anterior to the level of the gills, it is the dividing line between head and trunk

A

Gular fold

49
Q

Compressed dorsoventrally and covered by a smooth skin

A

Trunk

50
Q

The forelimbs are small and weal and each is divided into an arm, a forearm, and head that bears fours digits

A

Pectoral limbs

51
Q

Spongey - loose - epithelial

A

Stratum compactum

52
Q

Provides slippery texture

A

Mucous glands

53
Q

This opening is located ventral in the midline, posterior to the hind limbs

A

Cloacal aperture

54
Q

Marks the posterior limit of the trunk, both digestive and excretory products pass through

A

Cloacal aperture

55
Q

Compressed laterally, it is well developed

A

Tail

Comparative Anatomy (6 decks)

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