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GI > Anatomy Of Jaundice Pt2 > Flashcards

Anatomy Of Jaundice Pt2 Flashcards

1
Q

Other name for jaundice?

A

Icterus

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2
Q

What is jaundice?

A

Yellowing of the sclera (white of eyes/skin)

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3
Q

What is jaundice caused by?

A

Increase in blood levels of bilirubin

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4
Q

What is the biliary tree?

A

Number of ducts which transport bile

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5
Q

What unites to form the common hepatic duct?

A

Right & left hepatic ducts

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6
Q

What unites to form the bile duct?

A

Common hepatic duct

Cystic duct

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7
Q

How is the bile duct formed?

A

R & L hepatic duct form the common hepatic duct

Common hepatic duct and cystic duct form the bile duct (common)

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8
Q

What does the bile duct drain into?

A

2nd part of duodenum along with main pancreatic duct

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9
Q

Journey of bile duct?

A
  • Descends posteriorly to 1st (superior part of duodenum)
  • Travels into groove on posterior aspect of pancreas
  • Joins main pancreatic duct to form ampulla of vater
  • Both then drain into 2nd part of duodenum through major duodenal papilla
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10
Q

Another name for the ampulla of vater?

A

Hepatopancreatic ampulla

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11
Q

What is an anatomical sphincter of bile duct?

A

Discrete areas where muscle completely surrounds lumen of tract

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12
Q

Smooth muscle sphincters in bile duct?

A

Bile duct sphincter
Pancreatic duct sphincter
Sphincter of Oddi

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13
Q

What does ERCP stand for?

A

Endoscopic Retrograde cholagio-pancreatography

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14
Q

What is ERCP?

A

Investigation used to study biliary tree and pancreas and treat some pathologies associated with it.(bile duct stones)

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15
Q

What happens in ERCP?

A
  • Endoscope is inserted through the oral cavity, oesphagus, stomach and duodenum
  • Cannula is then placed in the major duodenal papilla and radio-opaque dye is injected back into biliary tree, radiographic images are taken of dye filled tree
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16
Q

Possible obstruction of Biliary tree?

A

Gall stones or carcinoma at head of pancreas

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17
Q

What happens when there is an obstruction of the biliary tree?

A

Flow of bile can’t go down into duodenum as it should so it is pushed back to liver

=overspill into blood (including bilirubin)

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18
Q

What is the pancreas?

A

Accessory digestive organ

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19
Q

What does pancreas lie between?

A

Lies between duodenum on right
Spleen on the left
Posterior to stomach

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20
Q

Where does pancreas lie?

A

Retroperitoneal

Lies transversely across posterior to abdomen

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21
Q

What does pancreas consist of?

A

Head
Neck
Body
Tail

22
Q

What lies superoposteriorly to the pancreas?

A

Splenic vessels

23
Q

What lies anteriorly to pancreas?

A

Stomach

24
Q

Organs which lie posteriorly to pancreas?

A 
Right kidney 
Adrenal gland 
IVC 
Bile duct 
Abdominal aorta 
Superior mesenteric vessels
Left kidney, adrenal gland
25
Q

Sympathetic nerves of the pancreas?

A

Abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves

26
Q

Parasympathetic nerves of the pancreas?

A

Vagus nerves

27
Q

What do nerves of the pancreas pass through?

A

Diaphragm then follow arteries from celiac and superior mesenteric plexus to reach pancreas

28
Q

What is secretion from pancreas mostly controlled by?

A

Hormones formed in duodenum and intestinal mucosa as response to acid contents from stomach

29
Q

What does the Gastroduodenal artery turn into?

A

Superior pancreaticoduodenal

30
Q

What does the superior mesenteric artery give way to?

A

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal

31
Q

Main reason for pancreatic pain?

A

Pancreatitis

32
Q

Cause of pancreatitis?

A 
Blockage of ampulla by gall stone 
I GET SMASHED 
Idiopathic
Gall stones 
Ethanol 
Trauma 
Steroids 
Mumps and other infectys
Autoimmune
Scorpion stings
Hyperlipidaemia,hypothermia 
ERCP
Drugs
33
Q

What type of gut is pancreas?

A

Foregut, midgut

34
Q

Where can pancreatic pain present?

A

Epigastric and or umbilical region can also radiate to back

35
Q

How many parts of duodenum? Their names?

A 
4 parts 
Superior 
Descending 
Horizontal     (Retroperitoneal)
Ascending
36
Q

Where does the duodenum start?

A

Pyloric sphincter

37
Q

Sympathetic innervation promotes relaxation of smooth muscle. True or false?

A

False

Sympathetic innervation promotes contraction of smooth muscles

38
Q

How does pain from a duodenal ulcer present?

A

Epigastric pain

39
Q

Where does jejunum begin?

A

Duodenaljejunal flexure (L2 vertebrae left of midline)

40
Q

Where does the ileum end?

A

Ileocaecal junction

41
Q

How is jejunum and mucosa different?

A

Mucosa jejunum=highly folded

Mucosa of distal ileum are much smoother

42
Q

Blood supply to jejunum and ileum?

A

Arterial blood= superior mesenteric artery via jejunal and ileal arteries

43
Q

Venous drainage from jejunum and ileum?

A

Jejunal and ileal vein to superior mesenteric vein to HPV

44
Q

Jejunum has less vascularity than ileum. True or false?

A

False

Jejunum more vascular

45
Q

What is fat stored in?

A

Chylomicrons

46
Q

How absorption fats works?

A

Fat is the absorbed from interstitial cells into specialized lymphatic vessels of the SI called lacteals

47
Q

How do absorbed fats travel?

A

Via lymphatic system

Eventually drains into venous system at the left venous angle

48
Q

Main groups of lymph nodes draining abdominal organs?

A 
Celiac (foregut)
Superior mesenteric (midgut)
Inferior mesenteric (hindgut) 
Lumbar (kidneys, posterior abdominal wall, pelvis and lower limbs)
49
Q

Where will lymph drain to?

A 
Thoracic duct (3/4 body) 
Right lymphatic duct (1/4 body)
50
Q

What drains at left venous angle?

A

Thoracic duct

51
Q

What drains at right venous angle?

A

Right lymphatic duct

GI (15 decks)

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