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GI > Anatomy: Abdominal Pain and Likely Source > Flashcards

Anatomy: Abdominal Pain and Likely Source Flashcards

1
Q

What does small intestine consist of?

A

Duodenum, jejunum and ileum

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2
Q

What does large intestine consist of?

A

Colon= Caecum, appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon & sigmoid colon

  • Rectum
  • Anal canal
  • Anus
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3
Q

What does the colon consist of?

A

Caecum, Appendix Ascending colon Transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoid colon

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4
Q

What are the 9 regions of the abdomen divided into?

A

3 Mid-clavicular Subcostal Trans-tubercular

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5
Q

9 Regions of the Stomach?

A

-Right/ Left Hypochondrium

  • Epigastric
  • Right/ left lumbar
  • Umbilical
  • Right/left inguinal
  • Pubic
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6
Q

4 Quadrants of abdomen?

A

Right upper Left upper Right Lower Left lower

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7
Q

3 parts of abdomen based on embryological origins?

A

Foregut Midgut Hindgut

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8
Q

Organs in foregut?

A

Oesophagus to mid-duodenum -Liver, gall bladder, spleen and 1/2 pancreas

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9
Q

Organs in midgut?

A

Mid-duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon -1/2 pancreas

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10
Q

Organs in hindgut?

A

Distal 1/3 of transverse colon to proximal 1/2 of anal canal

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11
Q

Layers of abdomen from outside in?

A

External oblique Internal oblique Transverse abdominis Parietal peritoneum

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12
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity?

A

Space between the parietal and visceral layers

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13
Q

How are organs classified in regards to the peritoneum?

A

Intraperitoneal= Liver (almost completely covered in visceral peritoneum, min. mobile) Retroperitoneal= Pancreas and kidneys- only has visceral peritoneum on anterior surface- located in retroperitoneum With a mesentery= Part of intestines- covered in visceral peritoneum, wraps itself behind the organ to form a double layer (v. mobile as mesentery suspends organs from posterior abdominal wall)

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14
Q

What does the peritoneum look like?

A

Thin Transparent Semi-permeable Serous membrane

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15
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A

Serous membrane which lines walls of abdominopelvic cavity and organs

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16
Q

How many layers does the peritoneum have? Their names? Where they lie in relation to eachother?

A

2 layers Visceral and parietal Parietal lies in contact with body wall (soma) Visceral lies in contact with with organs

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17
Q

What does peritoneum do?

A

Secretes small amount of lubricating fluid

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18
Q

Condensations of Peritoneum?

A

Double layers which attach organs to each other or the abdominal wall

19
Q

What do omenta do?

A

Divide peritoneal cavity into greater and lesser sac

20
Q

How do the greater and lesser sac communicate and which one is bigger?

A

Communicate through omental foreman The lesser sac is smaller

21
Q

Where does the portal triad lie?

A

Free edge of lesser omentum

22
Q

What is the pouch of duglas and how is it formed?

A

The inferior aspect of the peritoneum drapes over the superior aspect of the pelvic organs and forms pouches -Pouch of duglas is the rector-uterine pouch in females

23
Q

How many pouches in men compared to women?

A

2 in women ( vesicle uterine and recto-uterine) 1 in men (rectovesicle)

24
Q

What is ascites?

A

XS fluid in peritoneal cavity called ascetic fluid

25
Q

How do you treat ascites?

A

Drain XS fluid in paracentesis

26
Q

How to do a paracentesis?

A

-Place needle lateral to rectal sheath -Avoid inferior epigastric artery (which ascends anterior to abdominal wall) -Use ultrasound

27
Q

Main 4 questions for stomach pain?

A

-Location? Visceral or somatic -Character? Dull, achy & nauseating or sharp &stabbing -Timing? Come and go -Pain referral pattern? Is pain showing classical distribution suggesting specific organ

28
Q

Difference between visceral and somatic pain?

A

Visceral- hard to localize, dull and achy/ nauseating Somatic- Localized easily, sharp and stabbing

29
Q

Sympathetic nerve fibers to get from CNS to abdominal organs?

A

-Leave spinal cord between T5 and L2 -Enter sympathetic chain bilaterally but do not synapse -Leave sympathetic chain within abdominopelvic splanchnic -Synapse at pre-vertebral ganglia (located anterior to aorta) at exit points of major branches of abdominal aorta (Not for adrenal gland)

30
Q

Sympathetic nerve fibers to get from CNS to abdominal organs in regards to adrenal gland?

A

Unique -Sympathetic nerve fibers for this leave spinal cord at T10 to L1 -Then enter the abdomenopelvic sphlanchnic nerves -DONT synapse at pre-vertebral ganglia -Carried with parietal plexus to adrenal glands -Synapse directly into cells

31
Q

Parasympathetic nerve fibers to get from CNS to abdominal organs?

A

-Pre-synaptic parasympathetic nerve fibers enter abdominal cavity on surface of the oesphagus -Travel to peritoneal plexuses around abdominal aorta -Carried into walls of the organs where they synapse in ganglia -Supply parasympathetic nerve fibers to the GI tract + abdominal organs up to the distal end of transverse colon

32
Q

What do pain fibres from vast majority of abdomen run alongside?

A

Sympathetic fibres back to spinal cord

33
Q

When do Foreguts structures nerve fibers enter spinal cord?

A

T6-T9

34
Q

When do Hindguts structures nerve fibers enter spinal cord?

A

T10- L2

35
Q

When do Midguts structures nerve fibers enter spinal cord?

A

T8-T12

36
Q

Issue in midgut?

A

Will present as pain in umbilical region (mid-duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon, 1/2 of pancreas)

37
Q

Issue in foregut?

A

Will present as epigastric pain (oesphagus to mid-duodenum & liver, gall bladder, spleen and 1/2 of pancreas)

38
Q

Issue in hindgut?

A

Present as pain in pubic region (distal 1/2 of transverse colon to proximal 1/2 of anal canal)

39
Q

Issue in hindgut?

A

Present as pain in pubic region (distal 1/2 of transverse colon to proximal 1/2 of anal canal)

40
Q

Thoracoabdominal nerves?

A

7th-11th Intercostal nerves they travel anteriorly, the leave the ICS, travel in plane between internal oblique and transversus abdominis

41
Q

Appendicitis Pain?

A

Initially dull, aching pain Then becomes sharper at a point right in the iliac fossa Pain from midgut organs tend to be felt in umbilical region because visceral afferents from these organs enter spinal cord at T6

42
Q

Pain referral nerves image?

A
43
Q

Stomach regions diagram?

A

GI (15 decks)

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