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GI > Anatomy of Jaundice Pt 1 > Flashcards

Anatomy of Jaundice Pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How is bilirubin made?

A

By-product of RBC break down

This usually occurs in the spleen

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2
Q

What does bilirubin do??

A

Used to form bile in liver which travels through biliary tree

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3
Q

What is the biliary tree?

A

Set of tubes connecting liver to 2nd part of duodenum

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4
Q

Why is bile important?

A

Important for normal absorption of fats from small intestine

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5
Q

What does a pancreas do that is necessary for digestion?

A

Excrete digestive enzymes into 2nd part of duodenum

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6
Q

What is portal triad and where is it?

A
  • Consists of 3 tubes- hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein and common bile duct
  • Part of the biliary tree linking liver to duodenum
  • Free edge of lesser omentum
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7
Q

What does portal triad do?

A

Blood supply and drainage TO the liver

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8
Q

3 tubes in portal triad?

A

Hepatic Artery
Hepatic Portal Vein
Common Bile duct

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9
Q

What is the celiac trunk?

A

1st of 3 midline branches of abdominal aorta

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10
Q

Where does celiac trunk arise from?

A

Retroperitoneal and arises from around T12 vertebral level

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11
Q

What does the celiac trunk supply?

A

Organs of the foregut

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12
Q

What happens to celiac trunk?

A

Trifurcates into 3 branches
1) Splenic artery
2) Hepatic artery
3)Left gastric artery
Each of these give rise to further branches such as
Gastroduodenal and superior pancreatico-duodenal

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13
Q

Where is the splenic artery route?

A

Above pancreas

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14
Q

Where is the spleen?

A

Intraperitoneal

Within left hypochondrium

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15
Q

What is the spleen anatomically related to?

A

Posterior to dipahragm
Anterior to stomach
Inferior to splenic flexure
Medial to Left Kidney

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16
Q

What does spleen do?

A

Breaks down RBCs to produce bilirubin

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17
Q

What protects the spleen?

A

Ribs 9-11

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18
Q

When the spleen is palpable it is..

A

3 times the size it’s meant to be

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19
Q

Why does spleen move in respiration?

A

It and the liver are anatomically related to spleen

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20
Q

2 main supplies of blood to the stomach?

A

R/L gastric arteries

R/L gastro-omental arteries

21
Q

Where do gastric arteries run?

A

Along lesser curvature

Anastamose together

22
Q

Where do R/L gastro-omental arteries run?

A

Along greater curvature

Anastamose together

23
Q

Blood supply to liver?

A 
Heaptic artery (20-25%) (poor nutrient, well oxygenated)
Rest comes from HPV (75%)= rich nutrients/poor O2
24
Q

Where does liver lie?

A

Mainly upper right quadrant `

25
Q

What is the liver anatomically related to?

A
  • Superior, anterior and posterior to diaphragm
  • Anterior aspect of stomach medially
  • Posterior & Inferior to Gall bladder
  • Inferior to hepatic fixture
26
Q

What does the liver do?

A

Converts bilirubin to bile

27
Q

What is the liver protected by?

A

Rib 7-11

28
Q

4 anatomical segments of liver?

A 
Right lobe 
                       (seen anteriorly)
Left lobe 
Caudate lobe 
Quadrate lobe 
(all 4 seen posteriorly, caudate lobe above quadrate)
29
Q

IVC and hepatic veins have valves. True or false?

A

False

30
Q

Venous drainage from liver?

A

Via 3 main hepatic veins into IVC

31
Q

What is special about caudate venous drains?

A

Has own hepatic veins which drains straight to IVC

32
Q

How many functional segments in liver?

A

8 functional segments

33
Q

Functional segment of liver blood supply?

A

HA and HPV

Each have their own venous drainage and bile drainage

34
Q

What lies in centre of lobule?

A

Central vein

35
Q

2 clinically important areas of the peritoneal cavity related to liver?

A 
Hepatorenal recess (Morrison's pouch) 
Sub-phrenic recess
36
Q

What is peritonitis?

A

Collection of pus in recesses leading to abscess formation

37
Q

What does the HPV drain?

A

Drains blood from foregut, midgut and hindgut to liver for first pass metabolism

38
Q

Where does the splenic vein drain to?

A

Drains blood from foregut to HPV

39
Q

Where does inferior mesenteric vein drain to?

A

Drains blood from hindgut to splenic vein

40
Q

Where does superior mesenteric vein drain to?

A

Drains blood from midgut to HPV

41
Q

What veins are in the portal venous system?

A

HPV
Splenic vein
IMV
SMV

42
Q

Where does the IVC drain to?

A

Drains cleaned blood from hepatic veins into the RA

43
Q

What is in the systemic venous system?

A

IVC

44
Q

Where does GB lie?

A

Posterior aspect of liver, anterior to duodenum

45
Q

What is role of Gall Bladder?

A

Stores and concentrates bile in between meals

46
Q

Structure of GB?

A

Head body and neck which narrows to become cystic duct

47
Q

What does the cystic duct potentially house?

A

Potential site of Gall stone

48
Q

Where will early pain present if GB is involved?

A

Epigastric region or in hypochondrium
Sometimes with pain in right shoulder
Because visceral afferents enter spinal cord between T6-T9

49
Q

What is a cholecystectomy?

A

Removal of GB, cystic duct and artery

GI (15 decks)

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