Anatomy of Hip and Knee

Question 1

What are the features of the hip joint?

Answer 1

Strong
Stable
Multi-axial
Ball and socket type joint

Question 2

What forms the ball and socket of the hip joint?

Answer 2

Head of the femur is the ball

Socket is the acetabulum

Question 3

What is the acetabular cavity mainly formed by?

Answer 3

The ischium

Question 4

What is the depth of the acetabulum increased by?

Answer 4

The fibrocartilaginous acetabular labrum and the transverse acetabular ligament

Question 5

What is the head of the femur covered with?

Answer 5

Articular cartilage

Question 6

What are the joint capsule ligaments of the hip?

Answer 6

Iliofemoral ligament
Pubofemoral ligament
Ischiofemoral ligament

Question 7

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament?

Answer 7

Prevents the hyperextension of the hip joint

Question 8

What is the function of the pubofemoral ligament?

Answer 8

Prevents over-abduction of the hip joint

Question 9

What are the flexors of the hip?

Answer 9

Iliopsoas - chief flexor of the hip joint 
Sartorius 
Tensor fasciae latae
Rectus femoris
Pectineus
Adductor longus, brevis and Magnus 
Gracillis

Question 10

What are the extensors of the hip?

Answer 10

Gluteus maximus
Hamstrings
Adductor magnus

Question 11

What are the hamstring muscles?

Answer 11

Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris

Question 12

What are the adductors of the hip?

Answer 12

Pectineus 
Adductor longus 
Adductor brevis 
Adductor magnus 
Obturator externus 
Gracillis

Question 13

What are the abductors and medial rotators of the hip?

Answer 13

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fasciae latae

Question 14

What are the lateral rotators of the hip?

Answer 14

Obturator internus and externus 
Piriformis
Gluteus maximus 
Gemelli 
Quadratus femoris

Question 15

What is the blood supply to the hip?

Answer 15

Medial and lateral circumflex arteries

Branch of obturator artery - artery to head of the femur

Question 16

What is the nerve supply to the hip?

Answer 16

Femoral, obturator and superior gluteal nerve

Question 17

What type of joint is the knee joint?

Answer 17

Hinge type synovial joint

Question 18

What are the articular surfaces of the knee joint?

Answer 18

Femoro-tibial

Femoro-patellar

Question 19

What are the 5 capsular ligaments that act to strengthen the knee joint?

Answer 19

Patellar ligament 
Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament 
Medial (tibial) collateral ligament 
Oblique popliteal ligament 
Arcuate popliteal ligament

Question 20

How many bursae are there around the knee joint?

Answer 20

12

Question 21

What bursae communicate with the knee joint cavity?

Answer 21

Suprapatellar
Popliteal
Anserine
Gastrocnemius

Question 22

Where does the medial collateral ligament extend from?

Answer 22

From the medial epicondyle of the femur to the medial condyle and the medial surface of the tibia

Question 23

What fibres of the medial collateral ligament are firmly attached to the medial meniscus?

Answer 23

Deep fibres

Question 24

Where does the lateral collateral ligament extend from?

Answer 24

From the lateral epicondyle of the femur to the head of the fibula

Question 25

Where does the tendon of the popliteus pass in relation to the lateral collateral ligament?

Answer 25

Tendon of popliteus passes deep to the lateral collateral ligament

Question 26

What do the intra-articular structures within the knee joint consist of?

Answer 26

The cruciate ligaments and menisci

Question 27

What cruciate ligament is the weaker one?

Answer 27

Anterior - weaker of the two with poorer blood supply

Question 28

What are the functions of the anterior cruciate ligament?

Answer 28

Limits posterior rolling of the femoral condyles on the tibia Prevents posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia and hyperextension of the knee

Question 29

What are the functions of the posterior cruciate ligament?

Answer 29

Limits anterior rolling of the femur on the tibia | Prevents hyperflexion of the knee

Question 30

What are the menisci?

Answer 30

Crescentic plates of fibrocartilage

Question 31

What is the function of the menisci?

Answer 31

Deepen the surface and play a role in shock absorption

Question 32

What are the features of the medial meniscus?

Answer 32

C shaped Broader posteriorly Adheres to the surface of the medial collateral ligament

Question 33

What are the features of the lateral meniscus?

Answer 33

Smaller and more freely moveable than the medial meniscus | Tendon of the popliteus separates it from the lateral collateral ligament

Question 34

What are the flexors of the knee joint?

Answer 34

``` Hamstrings Sartorius Gracillis Gastrocnemius Popliteus ```

Question 35

What are the extensors of the knee joint?

Answer 35

Quadriceps femoris

Question 36

What is locking and unlocking of the knee?

Answer 36

Locking - medial rotation of the femur on the tibia | Unlocking - lateral rotation of the femur on the tibia

Question 37

What muscle unlocks the knee?

Answer 37

The popliteus muscle