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Musculoskeletal System > Anatomy of Hip and Knee > Flashcards

Anatomy of Hip and Knee Flashcards

1
Q

What are the features of the hip joint?

A

Strong
Stable
Multi-axial
Ball and socket type joint

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2
Q

What forms the ball and socket of the hip joint?

A

Head of the femur is the ball

Socket is the acetabulum

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3
Q

What is the acetabular cavity mainly formed by?

A

The ischium

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4
Q

What is the depth of the acetabulum increased by?

A

The fibrocartilaginous acetabular labrum and the transverse acetabular ligament

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5
Q

What is the head of the femur covered with?

A

Articular cartilage

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6
Q

What are the joint capsule ligaments of the hip?

A

Iliofemoral ligament
Pubofemoral ligament
Ischiofemoral ligament

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7
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament?

A

Prevents the hyperextension of the hip joint

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8
Q

What is the function of the pubofemoral ligament?

A

Prevents over-abduction of the hip joint

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9
Q

What are the flexors of the hip?

A 
Iliopsoas - chief flexor of the hip joint 
Sartorius 
Tensor fasciae latae
Rectus femoris
Pectineus
Adductor longus, brevis and Magnus 
Gracillis
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10
Q

What are the extensors of the hip?

A

Gluteus maximus
Hamstrings
Adductor magnus

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11
Q

What are the hamstring muscles?

A

Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris

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12
Q

What are the adductors of the hip?

A 
Pectineus 
Adductor longus 
Adductor brevis 
Adductor magnus 
Obturator externus 
Gracillis
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13
Q

What are the abductors and medial rotators of the hip?

A

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fasciae latae

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14
Q

What are the lateral rotators of the hip?

A 
Obturator internus and externus 
Piriformis
Gluteus maximus 
Gemelli 
Quadratus femoris
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15
Q

What is the blood supply to the hip?

A

Medial and lateral circumflex arteries

Branch of obturator artery - artery to head of the femur

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16
Q

What is the nerve supply to the hip?

A

Femoral, obturator and superior gluteal nerve

17
Q

What type of joint is the knee joint?

A

Hinge type synovial joint

18
Q

What are the articular surfaces of the knee joint?

A

Femoro-tibial

Femoro-patellar

19
Q

What are the 5 capsular ligaments that act to strengthen the knee joint?

A 
Patellar ligament 
Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament 
Medial (tibial) collateral ligament 
Oblique popliteal ligament 
Arcuate popliteal ligament
20
Q

How many bursae are there around the knee joint?

A

12

21
Q

What bursae communicate with the knee joint cavity?

A

Suprapatellar
Popliteal
Anserine
Gastrocnemius

22
Q

Where does the medial collateral ligament extend from?

A

From the medial epicondyle of the femur to the medial condyle and the medial surface of the tibia

23
Q

What fibres of the medial collateral ligament are firmly attached to the medial meniscus?

A

Deep fibres

24
Q

Where does the lateral collateral ligament extend from?

A

From the lateral epicondyle of the femur to the head of the fibula

25
Q

Where does the tendon of the popliteus pass in relation to the lateral collateral ligament?

A

Tendon of popliteus passes deep to the lateral collateral ligament

26
Q

What do the intra-articular structures within the knee joint consist of?

A

The cruciate ligaments and menisci

27
Q

What cruciate ligament is the weaker one?

A

Anterior - weaker of the two with poorer blood supply

28
Q

What are the functions of the anterior cruciate ligament?

A

Limits posterior rolling of the femoral condyles on the tibia
Prevents posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia and hyperextension of the knee

29
Q

What are the functions of the posterior cruciate ligament?

A

Limits anterior rolling of the femur on the tibia

Prevents hyperflexion of the knee

30
Q

What are the menisci?

A

Crescentic plates of fibrocartilage

31
Q

What is the function of the menisci?

A

Deepen the surface and play a role in shock absorption

32
Q

What are the features of the medial meniscus?

A

C shaped
Broader posteriorly
Adheres to the surface of the medial collateral ligament

33
Q

What are the features of the lateral meniscus?

A

Smaller and more freely moveable than the medial meniscus

Tendon of the popliteus separates it from the lateral collateral ligament

34
Q

What are the flexors of the knee joint?

A 
Hamstrings
Sartorius
Gracillis
Gastrocnemius
Popliteus
35
Q

What are the extensors of the knee joint?

A

Quadriceps femoris

36
Q

What is locking and unlocking of the knee?

A

Locking - medial rotation of the femur on the tibia

Unlocking - lateral rotation of the femur on the tibia

37
Q

What muscle unlocks the knee?

A

The popliteus muscle

Musculoskeletal System (40 decks)

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