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Musculoskeletal System > Anatomy of Hand and Wrist > Flashcards

Anatomy of Hand and Wrist Flashcards

1
Q

How many forearm flexor-pronators are there?

A

8

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2
Q

How many forearm extensor-supinators are there?

A

11

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3
Q

The brachioradialis flexes the forearm but is in the posterior compartment so is supplied by

A

the radial nerve

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4
Q

What muscle acts in isolation to adduct the wrist?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

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5
Q

What muscle acts in isolation to abduct the wrist?

A

Flexor carpi radialis

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6
Q

What are the forearm flexors?

A 
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Pronator teres
Pronator quadratus
Brachioradialis
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7
Q

What muscles act to pronate the forearm?

A

Pronator teres

Pronator quadratus

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8
Q

Where are the powerful extensors of the wrist and digits found?

A

On the posterior surface

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9
Q

What are the powerful extensors of the wrist and digits?

A

Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi ulnaris

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10
Q

How do the extensors of the wrist and digits antagonise/agonise the anterior wrist muscles?

A

By working in pairs

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11
Q

What does the intermediate muscle layer of the forearm consist of? Where does this later attach?

A

The flexor digitorum superficialis

Attaches to the middle phalanges of digits 2-5

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12
Q

What does the deep layer of the forearm consist of?

A

The flexor digitorum profundus

Flexor pollicis longus

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13
Q

What do the intermediate and deep muscle layers act to do?

A

Act primarily to flex the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints, although they are also synergists at the other joints which they cross

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14
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Ulnar nerve

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15
Q

What is the innervation of the brachioradialis?

A

Musculocutaneous and radial nerves

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16
Q

What is the function of the intermediate posterior layer extensor muscles?

A

Extend the fingers, elbow and wrist

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17
Q

What do the tendons of the deep extensors form in the hand?

A

Anatomical snuff box

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18
Q

What are the deep extensors of the posterior forearm?

A

Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor indicis

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19
Q

What do the muscles of the hand consist of?

A 
4 thenar muscles
3 hypothenar muscles 
4 lumbricals 
3 palmar interossei 
4 dorsal interossei
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20
Q

What are the thenar muscles?

A

Flexor pollicis brevis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Adductor pollicis
Opponens pollicis

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21
Q

What are the hypothenar muscles?

A

Flexor digiti minimi
Abductor digiti minimi
Opponens digiti minimi

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22
Q

Where are the interossei muscles?

A

Lie between the digits and contribute to the bulk of the hand

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23
Q

What are the interossei muscles responsible for?

A

Abduction and adduction

Palmar interossei - adductors
Dorsal interossei - abductors

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24
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the lumbrical muscles?

A

Tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus

25
Q

What is the action of the lumbricals?

A

Simultaneously flex the MCP joint and extend the PIP joint

26
Q

What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

A

Synovial ball and socket

27
Q

What movements occur at the glenohumeral joint?

A

Flexion and extension
Adduction and abduction
Circumduction

28
Q

What type of joint is the elbow joint?

A

Synovial hinge

29
Q

What movements occur at the elbow joint?

A

Flexion and extension

30
Q

What type of joint are the proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints?

A

Synovial pivot

31
Q

What movements occur at the proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints?

A

Pronation and supination

32
Q

What is the main part of the radio-ulnar syndesmosis?

A

Interosseous membrane

33
Q

What type of joint is the wrist joint?

A

Synovial condyloid

34
Q

What movements occur at the wrist joint?

A

Flexion and extension
Adduction and abduction
Circumduction

35
Q

What type of joint is the carpo-metacarpal joint in the 1st digit?

A

Synovial saddle

36
Q

What movements occur at the carpo-metacarpal joint in the first digit?

A

Flexion and extension

Adduction and abduction

37
Q

What type of joints are the carpo-metacarpal joints in the 2nd-4th digits?

A

Synovial condyloid

38
Q

What movements occur at the carpo-metacarpal joints in the 2nd-4th digits?

A

Flexion and extension
Adduction and abduction
Circumduction

39
Q

What type of joint is the proximal metacarpo-phalangeal joint?

A

Synovial condyloid

40
Q

What movements occur at the proximal metacarpo-phalangeal joint?

A

Flexion and extension
Adduction and abduction
Circumduction

41
Q

What type of joints are the interphalangeal joints?

A

Synovial hinge

42
Q

What movements occur at the interphalangeal joints?

A

Flexion and extension

43
Q

What are the main arteries of the upper limb?

A 
Subclavian artery 
Axillary artery 
Brachial artery 
Radial artery 
Ulnar arteries 
Digital arteries
44
Q

Where does the subclavian artery give off the axillary artery?

A

At the lateral border of the first rib

45
Q

Where does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?

A

At the inferior border of trees major

46
Q

Where does the brachial artery divide into the radial and ulnar arteries?

A

In the cubital fossa

47
Q

What do the radial and ulnar arteries form in the palm of the hand?

A

Palmar arches which give off digital arteries which run either side of the digits

48
Q

What is the main contributor to the more distal superficial palmar arch?

A

Ulnar artery

49
Q

What is the main contributor to the more proximal deep palmar arch?

A

Radial artery

50
Q

What do the superficial veins of the upper limb arise from?

A

The dorsal venous arch on the back of the hand

51
Q

What are the main superficial veins of the upper limb?

A

Cephalic vein
Basilic vein
Brachial veins
Medial vein

52
Q

Where does the cephalic vein travel?

A

Up the limb on the lateral side

53
Q

Where does the cephalic vein drain?

A

Into the axillary vein below the clavicle

54
Q

Where does the basilic vein travel?

A

Up the limb on the medial side

55
Q

What does the basilic vein become continuous with?

A

The brachial veins

56
Q

What does the medial vein connect?

A

The cephalic and basilic veins across the cubital fossa

57
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the upper limb?

A

To the axillary lymph nodes

58
Q

Why is the lymphatic drainage of the upper limb relevant in breast cancer?

A

Lymphoedema of the arm can occur due to the removal of breast tissue and axillary lymph nodes

Musculoskeletal System (40 decks)

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