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Musculoskeletal System > Anatomy of Hand and Wrist > Flashcards

Anatomy of Hand and Wrist Flashcards

1
Q

How many forearm flexor-pronators are there?

A

8

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2
Q

How many forearm extensor-supinators are there?

A

11

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3
Q

The brachioradialis flexes the forearm but is in the posterior compartment so is supplied by

A

the radial nerve

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4
Q

What muscle acts in isolation to adduct the wrist?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

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5
Q

What muscle acts in isolation to abduct the wrist?

A

Flexor carpi radialis

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6
Q

What are the forearm flexors?

A 
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Pronator teres
Pronator quadratus
Brachioradialis
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7
Q

What muscles act to pronate the forearm?

A

Pronator teres

Pronator quadratus

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8
Q

Where are the powerful extensors of the wrist and digits found?

A

On the posterior surface

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9
Q

What are the powerful extensors of the wrist and digits?

A

Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi ulnaris

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10
Q

How do the extensors of the wrist and digits antagonise/agonise the anterior wrist muscles?

A

By working in pairs

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11
Q

What does the intermediate muscle layer of the forearm consist of? Where does this later attach?

A

The flexor digitorum superficialis

Attaches to the middle phalanges of digits 2-5

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12
Q

What does the deep layer of the forearm consist of?

A

The flexor digitorum profundus

Flexor pollicis longus

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13
Q

What do the intermediate and deep muscle layers act to do?

A

Act primarily to flex the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints, although they are also synergists at the other joints which they cross

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14
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Ulnar nerve

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15
Q

What is the innervation of the brachioradialis?

A

Musculocutaneous and radial nerves

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16
Q

What is the function of the intermediate posterior layer extensor muscles?

A

Extend the fingers, elbow and wrist

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17
Q

What do the tendons of the deep extensors form in the hand?

A

Anatomical snuff box

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18
Q

What are the deep extensors of the posterior forearm?

A

Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor indicis

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19
Q

What do the muscles of the hand consist of?

A 
4 thenar muscles
3 hypothenar muscles 
4 lumbricals 
3 palmar interossei 
4 dorsal interossei
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20
Q

What are the thenar muscles?

A

Flexor pollicis brevis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Adductor pollicis
Opponens pollicis

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21
Q

What are the hypothenar muscles?

A

Flexor digiti minimi
Abductor digiti minimi
Opponens digiti minimi

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22
Q

Where are the interossei muscles?

A

Lie between the digits and contribute to the bulk of the hand

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23
Q

What are the interossei muscles responsible for?

A

Abduction and adduction

Palmar interossei - adductors
Dorsal interossei - abductors

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24
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the lumbrical muscles?

A

Tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus

25
What is the action of the lumbricals?
Simultaneously flex the MCP joint and extend the PIP joint
26
What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?
Synovial ball and socket
27
What movements occur at the glenohumeral joint?
Flexion and extension Adduction and abduction Circumduction
28
What type of joint is the elbow joint?
Synovial hinge
29
What movements occur at the elbow joint?
Flexion and extension
30
What type of joint are the proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints?
Synovial pivot
31
What movements occur at the proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints?
Pronation and supination
32
What is the main part of the radio-ulnar syndesmosis?
Interosseous membrane
33
What type of joint is the wrist joint?
Synovial condyloid
34
What movements occur at the wrist joint?
Flexion and extension Adduction and abduction Circumduction
35
What type of joint is the carpo-metacarpal joint in the 1st digit?
Synovial saddle
36
What movements occur at the carpo-metacarpal joint in the first digit?
Flexion and extension | Adduction and abduction
37
What type of joints are the carpo-metacarpal joints in the 2nd-4th digits?
Synovial condyloid
38
What movements occur at the carpo-metacarpal joints in the 2nd-4th digits?
Flexion and extension Adduction and abduction Circumduction
39
What type of joint is the proximal metacarpo-phalangeal joint?
Synovial condyloid
40
What movements occur at the proximal metacarpo-phalangeal joint?
Flexion and extension Adduction and abduction Circumduction
41
What type of joints are the interphalangeal joints?
Synovial hinge
42
What movements occur at the interphalangeal joints?
Flexion and extension
43
What are the main arteries of the upper limb?
``` Subclavian artery Axillary artery Brachial artery Radial artery Ulnar arteries Digital arteries ```
44
Where does the subclavian artery give off the axillary artery?
At the lateral border of the first rib
45
Where does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?
At the inferior border of trees major
46
Where does the brachial artery divide into the radial and ulnar arteries?
In the cubital fossa
47
What do the radial and ulnar arteries form in the palm of the hand?
Palmar arches which give off digital arteries which run either side of the digits
48
What is the main contributor to the more distal superficial palmar arch?
Ulnar artery
49
What is the main contributor to the more proximal deep palmar arch?
Radial artery
50
What do the superficial veins of the upper limb arise from?
The dorsal venous arch on the back of the hand
51
What are the main superficial veins of the upper limb?
Cephalic vein Basilic vein Brachial veins Medial vein
52
Where does the cephalic vein travel?
Up the limb on the lateral side
53
Where does the cephalic vein drain?
Into the axillary vein below the clavicle
54
Where does the basilic vein travel?
Up the limb on the medial side
55
What does the basilic vein become continuous with?
The brachial veins
56
What does the medial vein connect?
The cephalic and basilic veins across the cubital fossa
57
What is the lymphatic drainage of the upper limb?
To the axillary lymph nodes
58
Why is the lymphatic drainage of the upper limb relevant in breast cancer?
Lymphoedema of the arm can occur due to the removal of breast tissue and axillary lymph nodes

Musculoskeletal System (40 decks)

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