Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MRCS > Anatomy Neck > Flashcards

Anatomy Neck Flashcards

1
Q

anterior triangle borders

A

inferior border of mandible
anterior border of SCM
line down the midline of the neck
investing fascia covers the roof

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

anterior triangle contents

A

suprahyoid muscles, infrahyoid muscles, common carotid artery, external and internal carotid arteries, internal jugular vein
cranial nerves 7 (facial), 9 (glossopharyngeal), 10 (vagus), 11 (accessory), 12 (hypoglossal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what structure bifurcates in anterior triangle

A

common carotid artery (bifurcates at superior border of thyroid cartilage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the suprahyoid muscles

A

stylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, digastric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the infrahyoid muscles

A

omohyoid, sternohyoid, thyrohyoid, sternothyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

anterior triangle subdivisions

A

carotid, submental, submandibular, muscular triangles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

carotid triangle contents

A

common carotid artery with branches, internal jugular vein, hypoglossal nerve, vagus nerve
also has carotid sinus (dilated portion of common carotid and internal carotid that has baroreceptors), glossopharyngeal nerve transmits signal to brain when stretch detected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

submental triangle contents

A

submental lymph nodes (filter lymph from floor of mouth and parts of tongue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

submandibular triangle contents

A

submandibular (salivary) gland, lymph nodes, facial artery and vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

muscular triangle contents

A

infrahyoid muscles, pharynx, thyroid, parathyroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

posterior triangle borders

A

posterior border of SCM
anterior border of trapezius
middle 1/3 of clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

posterior triangle major contents

A

omohyoid (crosses it to reach anterior triangle), external jugular vein empties into subclavian vein within triangle, transverse cervical artery and vein, suprascapular artery and vein, subclavian artery, accessory nerve, cervical plexus with phrenic nerve as branch, brachial plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cervical plexus nerve block

A

“nerve point” of neck
used for local anesthesia of neck
injected along posterior border of SCM at the junction of its superior and middle thirds, this is where the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus emerge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

number of cervical vertebrae

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

C1 name

A

atlas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

C2 name

A

axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what joint allows head flexion (nodding)

A

atlanto-occipital joint

between the superior facets of the atlas and the occipital condyles of the cranium base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

jefferson fracture of atlas

A

vertical fall on neck (diving in shallow water)
transverse ligament of atlas may be ruptured
Since the vertebral foramen is large, it is unlikely that there will be damage to the spinal cord at the C1 level. However, there may be damage further down the vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

hyperextension (whiplash) injury

A

anterior longitudinal ligament of the spine is damaged
vertebral foramen is large so there is less chance of spinal cord involvement
dislocation or subluxation of cervical vertebrae may occur with spinal cord involvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hangman’s Fracture

A

fracture of the pars interarticularis (bony column between the superior and inferior articular facets of the axis)
spinal cord rupture (deep unconsciousness, respiratory and cardiac failure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

hyoid bone fracture is a characteristic finding in what

A

strangulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

waldeyer’s ring

A

ring of lymphoid tissue in nasopharynx and oropharynx formed by the pair of palatine tonsils, lingual tonsils and adenoid tonsils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

pharyngeal pouch (diverticulum)
pathophysiology
presentation

A

when swallowing thyropharyngeus muscle should contract while cricopharyngeus should relax
if this coordinated relaxation did not occur, intrapharyngeal pressure rises and pharyngeal mucosa forms a midline diverticulum between the 2 muscles
dysphagia and bad oral smell due to accumulation of food
NB: these muscles are inferior pharyngeal constrictors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

motor innervation of pharyngeal muscles

A

vagus nerve

EXCEPT stylopharyngeus by glossopharyngeal nerve

25
Q

pharyngeal muscles 2 groups and function

A

circular muscles: superior, middle, inferior pharyngeal constrictors –> contract sequentially to propel food downwards
longitudinal muscles: stylo- , palato- , salpingo- pharyngeus –> shorten and widen pharynx, elevate larynx when swallowing

26
Q

sensory innervation of pharynx

blood supply

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

branches of external carotid artery (ascending pharyngeal artery)

27
Q

cricoid cartilage location spinal cord

A

C6

28
Q

intrinsic muscles of larynx function and innervation

A

control vocal cords

all innervated by recurrent laryngeal nerve EXCEPT cricothyroid muscle by superior/external laryngeal nerve

29
Q

recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy causes

A 
thyroid cancer
apical lung tumor
aortic aneurysm
cervical lymphadenopathy
thyroid surgery
30
Q

unilateral RLN injury

A

hoarseness

31
Q

bilateral RLN injury

A

vocal cords paralysis in adduction position, breathing impaired, emergency

32
Q

what is Adam’s apple

A

laryngeal prominence on thyroid cartilage

33
Q

cricoid cartilage importance

A

marks the inferior border of the larynx
the only complete circle of cartilage in larynx or trachea
during emergency intubation, pressure can be applied to cricoid cartilage to occlude esophagus and prevent regurgitation (cricoid pressure or Sellick’s maneuvre)

34
Q

thyroid vertebrae span, what does it cover

A

C5 - T1, it wraps around cricoid cartilage and superior rings of trachea

35
Q

what is the visceral compartment of the neck

A

compartment bound by pretracheal fascia

consists of trachea, thyroid, esophagus, pharynx

36
Q

thyroglossal cyst etiology

A

developing thyroid descends from base of tongue (foramen cecum) to anterior neck
during descent, it forms thyroglossal duct which regresses
if duct persists it can cyst due to build-up of secretions

37
Q

thyroglossal cyst presentation

A

midline lump in neck which rises on tongue protrusion

38
Q

carotid sheath contents

A

common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve

39
Q

what muscles cover the thyroid anteriorly

A

infrahyoid muscles

sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid and omohyoid

40
Q

arterial supply of thyroid

A

superior thyroid: 1st branch of external carotid artery
inferior thyroid: thyrocervical trunk (branch of subclavian)
in 10% of people, thyroid ima artery: brachiocephalic trunk

41
Q

Superior thyroid artery is close to what nerve

A

superior laryngeal nerve

42
Q

inferior thyroid artery is close to what nerve

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

43
Q

venous drainage of thyroid

A

superior, middle veins: internal jugular vein

inferior vein: brachiocephalic vein

44
Q

lymphatic drainage of thyroid

A

paratracheal and deep cervical nodes

45
Q

pathway of right RLN

A

vagus nerve hooks around the right subclavian artery then into the tracheoesophageal groove and passes under the thyroid

46
Q

pathway of left RLN

A

vagus hooks around aortic arch then into the tracheoesophageal groove and passes under the thyroid

47
Q

parathyroid origin

A

superior from 4th pharyngeal pouch

inferior from 3rd pharyngeal pouch

48
Q

parathyroid arterial supply and venous drainage

A

inferior thyroid artery (supplies posterior aspect of thyroid)
3 thyroid veins

49
Q

phrenic nerve spinal roots

A

C 3-4-5 keeps diaphragm alive

50
Q

cervical plexus spinal roots

A

C1 - C4

51
Q

greater auricular nerve sensation

A

external ear and skin over parotid

52
Q

Carotid sinus vs carotid body

A

Sinus: enlargement of common carotid artery and internal carotid artery at bifurcation, baroreceptors, detect stretch —> increased BP (glossopharyngeal nerve relays msg to brain)
Body: external to carotid sinus, peripheral chemoreceptors, detect O2 content in blood to regulate RR

53
Q

External carotid artery supplies

A

Head/face and neck external to cranium (extra cranial structures)

54
Q

External carotid artery branches

A 
Superior thyroid artery
Lingual artery
Facial artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery
Occipital artery
Posterior auricular artery
55
Q

Right common carotid artery origin

A

Branch of brachiocephalic trunk (subclavian second branch)

56
Q

Left common carotid artery origin

A

Aortic arch

57
Q

Internal carotid artery supplies

A

Brain, eyes, forehead (intra cranial structures)

58
Q

Pterion fracture

A

Weakest point of skull
Middle meningeal artery damage or complete laceration
Extradutal hematoma (between dura and skull), increases ICP
Mild: diuretics
Severe: burr holes

59
Q

Atherosclerosis of carotid arteries pathology, Location
Features
Imaging, treatment

A

Swelling at carotid sinus causes turbulent blood flow, internal carotid artery most susceptible
Atherosclerotic thickening of walls reduces blood flow
headache, dizziness, muscular weakness - stroke if complete occlusion
Doppler, carotid endarterectomy

MRCS (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions