Anatomy: lecture 9/10 nervous system Flashcards
what is the nervous and where does it conduct impulsesse
The NEURON = Nerve cell
• Basic structural and functional component of the nervous
system
• Conducts impulses to and from the two main nervous
systems…
Ø Central Nervous System (CNS)
Ø Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
what are the 3 parts of a neruon
dendrites
soma
axon
what is the dendreite purpose
• Reception of stimulus
• Impulses to cell body
Cytoplasmic processes
be able to reconize mutipleolar, bipolar, unipolar an dpseudounipolar
.
true or false: tehre is only 1 axon per neuron
true
where do the axons conduct the impulse
• Conducts impulses
away from the cell
body
axons have BLANK bracnhes
collateral branches
what are the 4 nerve structures (coverings)
Epineurium: Around the whole nerve
• Perineurium: Around the fascicles
• Endoneurium: Around the nerve fibers (Axons)
• Axon: Myelinated vs Unmyelinated
where does epinerium surrond
Epineurium: Around the whole nerve
where does perineurium surround
• Perineurium: Around the fascicles
•
where does Endoneurium surround
Endoneurium: Around the nerve fibers (Axons)
be able to lcate epineurium , endoneuriem, perineurion,
what is the difference between myelinated vs unmyelnated
axon sheath
be able to reconize myelinated vs unmyelinate
.what are the 2 qualities of a nerve and be able to explai n them
• EXCITABILITY: The ability of neurons to respond to
stimuli and generate nerve impulses
• CONDUCTIVITY: The ability to transmit a state of
excitation
what is grey mater
“H”
formation (nuclei) and unmyeliated
be able to locate grey ocmmisure and its fucntion
grey lines near center canel
able to decusate
does sensory info insert posteriorally or anteriorly
posterior
what is the nucleli of the spinal cord
• Nuclei = mass of nerve cell bodies and dendrites inside the Central Nervous System (CNS)
be able to label a spianl cord diagram
fs
what is i nthe white matter of the spinal crod
White matter = nerve
fibers with Myelin
Sheath coverings
what is each white nerve bundle called
tract
what kind of signals do assending tracts have
sensory or afferent
what kind of signals do descing tracts have
motor or efferent
the Groups of nerve fibers entering dorsal horn are called what and what do they contrain
DORSAL
ROOTS
Contain SENSORY neurons
the Groups of nerve fibers leaving ventral horns
are called what and what do they contrain
VENTRAL
ROOTS
Contain MOTOR neurons
when a dorsal root and ventral root combine what does it nake
spinal nerve
why are spinal nerves considred mixed nerves
they contrain both sensroy and motor nerve
how many paris of spinal nerves are there
31
after spinal cord leaves intervertebral foramen, what happens
it divides
what are the 2 rami and what do they innervate
DORSAL RAMI: innervate skin of back, paravertebral
muscles
• VENTRAL RAMI: innervate all extremity muscles,
lateral and ventral trunk
bee able to locate the dorsal and ventral rami
.
what are the vertabraes and their numbers
Cervical – 7 • Thoracic – 12 • Lumbar – 5 • Sacral (Sacrum) - 5* • Coccygeal (Coccyx) – 4* • TOTAL - 33
what are the spinal nerves and their numbers
Cervical – 8 • Thoracic – 12 • Lumbar – 5 • Sacral – 5 • Coccygeal – 1 • TOTAL - 31
be able to locate the bracchial plexus
where is the dorsal plexus
from C5-T1
where is the only vertrabra without plexis
Except T2-T12 and S5-Co1
what are the 5 plexesus and their locations
Cervical : C1 - C4 • BRACHIAL : C5 - T1 • LUMBAR: L1 - L4 • SACRAL: L4/L5 – S4 • Lumbar + Sacral = Lumbosacral
brchail plexus is divided into 5 things
R: RAMI T: TRUNKS D: DIVISIONS C: CORDS B: BRANCHES
be able to label the bracchial plexus
.
what are the cords name daccording to
to their relation with the axillary artiery
what are the 5 branches of the bracchial plexus
musculocutaneous axillary median radial ulnar
what are the 5 rami
C5 C6 C7 C8 T1
what are the 3 trunks
superior middle inferior
what are your 3 divisions
anterior/posterior
what are your 3 cords
lateral
posterior cord
medial
where is the rbachial plexus
Descends and passes over first rib, behind the clavicle
into the Axilla (Armpit)
what atery/vein accompanies the brachial plexus
axillary
what holds the brachial plexus together
the conenctive tissue covering: axillary sheath
is the brachial plexus posterior or anterior to pec major
posterior
which rami make up the superior trunk
C5 C6
which rami make up the middle trunk
C7
which rami make up the inferior trunk
C8 T1
what does the posterior cord form from
Three posterior divisions join to form the
what does the lateral cord form from
forms from the anterior divisions of the superior and middle trunks
what does the medial cord form from
forms from
anterior division of the
lower trunk
the posterior cord becomes which nervre
radial
what is the major branch from the radial nerve
axillary nerve
which is the largest branch of the brachial plex
radial nerve
the radial nerve lies in front of and in back of hat
in back of axilalry artery
in front of subscap
what does the radial nerve innrevate
whole posterior upper extremity
true or false: the radial nerve nerves goes psoteriorly
false: it winds to the back by the radial groove
where does the raidal nerve end
Ends in lateroposterior forearm in several branches
where can you find deep radial nerve
Deep into Antecubital Fossa behind brachialis and
brachioradialis
what reflexes is the radial nerve responsible for
Reflexes: Brachioradialis (C6), Triceps (C7)
true or false: the axillary nerve is a branch of the medial cord?
FALSE”: Branch of the Posterior Cord
DOES THE AXILLARY nerve run lateral or medial to radial enrve
Runs lateral to the Radial Nerve
where does the axillary nerve go and what does it supply
- Medial to surgical neck of the humerus
* Into the Deltoid and Teres Minor muscles1
where is the muscultaenous nerve, what does it supply and what reflex is it responsible for
Pierces the Coracobrachialis muscle
• Supplies anterior arm muscles
• Reflex : Biceps (C5)
what does the median nerve innervate and where can you find it
Innervates most of the forearm flexor muscles
• Thumb side of hand and wrist
• Superficial at anterior wrist
where do you find ulnar nerve and what does it innrevate
Passes behind medial epicondyle
Runs down medial forearm
• Innervates some flexor muscles and many intrinsic
muscles of the hand
what is a dermatone
“The area of skin providing sensory input to
the posterior roots of one spinal segment
are dermatones supplied by afferent or efferent sugnals
sensory,,, afferent
true or false: dermatones have no overlap and very distinc boundaries
false
no exact boudaries
considreable overlap
how do lesions affect dermatones
Lesion to one spinal nerve may be little or no loss of
sensation
• Usually 3 adjacent lesions for there to be complete
anesthesia to a dermatome
what rami is ulnar nerves assocaited to
(c7)
C8-T1
