Anatomy Lab - Quiz 2 Flashcards
Characteristics of Long Bones
- greater length than width
- Diaphysis (shaft) and a number of
epiphyses or extremities (ends)
slightly curved to absorb the stress of
the body’s weight at several points so it
is evenly distributed - Consist mostly of compact bone tissue,
but they also contain considerable
amounts of spongy bone tissue
What are some examples of long bones?
- humerus (arm bone)
- ulna and radius (forearm bones)
- femur (thigh bone)
- tibia and fibula (leg bones)
- metacarpals (hand bones)
- metatarsals (foot bones)
- phalanges (fingers and toe bones)
What are some characteristics of short bones?
- Somewhat cube-shaped and nearly
equal in length, width, and depth - Spongy bone except at surface, where
there is a thin layer of compact bone.
Examples of short bones.
- most carpal (wrist) bones
2. most tarsal (ankle) bones
Characteristics of sesamoid bones.
Only a few millimeters to centimeters in diameter except for the two patellae.
Special type of short bone, formed entirely inside of a tendon (patella)
Examples of sesamoid bones.
- patellae (kneecaps)
- in the joints of the palmar surface of the
hands
Characteristics of flat bones.
1. Thin and composed of two nearly
parallel plates of compact bone
enclosing a layer of spongy bone.
2. Protection and areas for muscle
attachment.Examples of flat bones.
- cranial (skull) bones
- the sternum (breastbone)
- ribs
- the scapulae (shoulder blades)
Characteristics of irregular bones.
- complex shapes
- vary in the amounts of spongy and
compact bone they contain.
Examples of irregular bones.
- vertebrae (backbones)
- certain facial bones
- calcaneus (heel bone)
Long, cylindrical, main portion of bone.
diaphysis
proximal and distal ends of bone
epiphysis
Layer of cartilage that allows growth of the diaphysis
epiphyseal plate
The cartilage in the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone when bone growth in length stops.
epiphyseal line
Hollow, cylindrical space within the diaphysis that contains fatty yellow bone marrow and numerous blood vessels.
medullary cavity
Connective tissue sheath that surrounds the bone surface wherever cartilage does not cover it.
periosteum
Thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity.
endosteum
Repeating structural units.
osteon
Circular channel running longitudinally in the center of an osteon.
central canal
Blood vessels and nerves from the perisosteum penetrate the compact bone.
-perpendicular to long axis
perforating canal
Circular plates of a mineralized extracellular matrix of increasing diameter, surrounding a small network of blood vessels and nerves located in the central canal.
-concentric, circumferential, and interstitial
lamellae
Small spaces between the concentric lamellae.
lacunae
Thin columns of lamellae that are arranged in an irregular pattern.
trabeculae
Tiny channels which are filled with extracellular fluid.
-connect lacunae with one another and with the central canals
canaliculi
Bone building cells incise canaliculi.
-synthesize and secrete collagen fibers and other organic components needed to build the extracellular matrix of bone tissue.
osteocytes
Molecules secreted by cells that provide structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells.
extracellular matrix
Cell that has secreted the matrix of cartilage and becomes embedded in it.
chondrocytes
Connective tissue that envelops cartilage where it is not at a joint.
perichondrium
Attachment point for muscles/ligaments:
Small rounded projection or process.
tubercle
Attachment point for muscles/ligaments:
Large rough projection.
tuberosity
Attachment point for muscles/ligaments:
very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process; only on femur
trochanter
Attachment point for muscles/ligaments:
Projection above a condoyle
epicondyle
Attachment point for muscles/ligaments:
Narrow ridge of bone, usually prominent
crest
Attachment point for muscles/ligaments:
Narrow ridge of bones; less prominent than a crest
line
Attachment point for muscles/ligaments:
Sharp, slender, often pointed projection; usually relatively high
spine
Rounded, articular projection.
condyle
Smooth, nearly flat articular surface.
facet
Enlarged, rounded projection with a narrow constriction (neck)
head
Bend in a bone.
angle
Branch or arm off the main part (body) of a bone.
ramus
Canal-like passageway through a bone.
meatus
Tunnel-like passageway through a bone.
canal
Cavity within a bone; filled with air and lined with a mucous membrane
sinus
Shallow depression on a bone; may serve as an articular surface.
fossa
Deeper, narrow depression or furrow on a bone; may have a tendon run through it.
groove
Indentation at the edge of a structure.
notch
Little pit or indentation; muscle or ligaments may attach.
fovea
Narrow, slit-like opening; blood vessels or nerves run through it.
fissure
Groove on a bone.
sulcus
Round or oval hole through or extending into a bone; blood vessels or nerves run through it.
foramen
