Anatomy Lab - Quiz 2 Flashcards

(50 cards)

1
Q

Characteristics of Long Bones

A
  1. greater length than width
  2. Diaphysis (shaft) and a number of
    epiphyses or extremities (ends)
    slightly curved to absorb the stress of
    the body’s weight at several points so it
    is evenly distributed
  3. Consist mostly of compact bone tissue,
    but they also contain considerable
    amounts of spongy bone tissue
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2
Q

What are some examples of long bones?

A
  1. humerus (arm bone)
  2. ulna and radius (forearm bones)
  3. femur (thigh bone)
  4. tibia and fibula (leg bones)
  5. metacarpals (hand bones)
  6. metatarsals (foot bones)
  7. phalanges (fingers and toe bones)
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3
Q

What are some characteristics of short bones?

A
  1. Somewhat cube-shaped and nearly
    equal in length, width, and depth
  2. Spongy bone except at surface, where
    there is a thin layer of compact bone.
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4
Q

Examples of short bones.

A
  1. most carpal (wrist) bones

2. most tarsal (ankle) bones

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5
Q

Characteristics of sesamoid bones.

A

Only a few millimeters to centimeters in diameter except for the two patellae.
Special type of short bone, formed entirely inside of a tendon (patella)

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6
Q

Examples of sesamoid bones.

A
  1. patellae (kneecaps)
  2. in the joints of the palmar surface of the
    hands
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7
Q

Characteristics of flat bones.

A
1.  Thin and composed of two nearly 
     parallel plates of compact bone 
     enclosing a layer of spongy bone.
2.  Protection and areas for muscle 
     attachment.
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8
Q

Examples of flat bones.

A
  1. cranial (skull) bones
  2. the sternum (breastbone)
  3. ribs
  4. the scapulae (shoulder blades)
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9
Q

Characteristics of irregular bones.

A
  1. complex shapes
  2. vary in the amounts of spongy and
    compact bone they contain.
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10
Q

Examples of irregular bones.

A
  1. vertebrae (backbones)
  2. certain facial bones
  3. calcaneus (heel bone)
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11
Q

Long, cylindrical, main portion of bone.

A

diaphysis

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12
Q

proximal and distal ends of bone

A

epiphysis

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13
Q

Layer of cartilage that allows growth of the diaphysis

A

epiphyseal plate

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14
Q

The cartilage in the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone when bone growth in length stops.

A

epiphyseal line

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15
Q

Hollow, cylindrical space within the diaphysis that contains fatty yellow bone marrow and numerous blood vessels.

A

medullary cavity

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16
Q

Connective tissue sheath that surrounds the bone surface wherever cartilage does not cover it.

A

periosteum

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17
Q

Thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity.

A

endosteum

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18
Q

Repeating structural units.

A

osteon

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19
Q

Circular channel running longitudinally in the center of an osteon.

A

central canal

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20
Q

Blood vessels and nerves from the perisosteum penetrate the compact bone.

-perpendicular to long axis

A

perforating canal

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21
Q

Circular plates of a mineralized extracellular matrix of increasing diameter, surrounding a small network of blood vessels and nerves located in the central canal.

-concentric, circumferential, and interstitial

22
Q

Small spaces between the concentric lamellae.

23
Q

Thin columns of lamellae that are arranged in an irregular pattern.

24
Q

Tiny channels which are filled with extracellular fluid.

-connect lacunae with one another and with the central canals

25
Bone building cells incise canaliculi. -synthesize and secrete collagen fibers and other organic components needed to build the extracellular matrix of bone tissue.
osteocytes
26
Molecules secreted by cells that provide structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells.
extracellular matrix
27
Cell that has secreted the matrix of cartilage and becomes embedded in it.
chondrocytes
28
Connective tissue that envelops cartilage where it is not at a joint.
perichondrium
29
Attachment point for muscles/ligaments: Small rounded projection or process.
tubercle
30
Attachment point for muscles/ligaments: Large rough projection.
tuberosity
31
Attachment point for muscles/ligaments: very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process; only on femur
trochanter
32
Attachment point for muscles/ligaments: Projection above a condoyle
epicondyle
33
Attachment point for muscles/ligaments: Narrow ridge of bone, usually prominent
crest
34
Attachment point for muscles/ligaments: Narrow ridge of bones; less prominent than a crest
line
35
Attachment point for muscles/ligaments: Sharp, slender, often pointed projection; usually relatively high
spine
36
Rounded, articular projection.
condyle
37
Smooth, nearly flat articular surface.
facet
38
Enlarged, rounded projection with a narrow constriction (neck)
head
39
Bend in a bone.
angle
40
Branch or arm off the main part (body) of a bone.
ramus
41
Canal-like passageway through a bone.
meatus
42
Tunnel-like passageway through a bone.
canal
43
Cavity within a bone; filled with air and lined with a mucous membrane
sinus
44
Shallow depression on a bone; may serve as an articular surface.
fossa
45
Deeper, narrow depression or furrow on a bone; may have a tendon run through it.
groove
46
Indentation at the edge of a structure.
notch
47
Little pit or indentation; muscle or ligaments may attach.
fovea
48
Narrow, slit-like opening; blood vessels or nerves run through it.
fissure
49
Groove on a bone.
sulcus
50
Round or oval hole through or extending into a bone; blood vessels or nerves run through it.
foramen