Anatomy Lab - Quiz 2

Question 1

Characteristics of Long Bones

Answer 1

1. greater length than width
2. Diaphysis (shaft) and a number of
   epiphyses or extremities (ends)
   slightly curved to absorb the stress of
   the body’s weight at several points so it
   is evenly distributed
3. Consist mostly of compact bone tissue,
   but they also contain considerable
   amounts of spongy bone tissue

Question 2

What are some examples of long bones?

Answer 2

1. humerus (arm bone)
2. ulna and radius (forearm bones)
3. femur (thigh bone)
4. tibia and fibula (leg bones)
5. metacarpals (hand bones)
6. metatarsals (foot bones)
7. phalanges (fingers and toe bones)

Question 3

What are some characteristics of short bones?

Answer 3

1. Somewhat cube-shaped and nearly
   equal in length, width, and depth
2. Spongy bone except at surface, where
   there is a thin layer of compact bone.

Question 4

Examples of short bones.

Answer 4

1. most carpal (wrist) bones

2. most tarsal (ankle) bones

Question 5

Characteristics of sesamoid bones.

Answer 5

Only a few millimeters to centimeters in diameter except for the two patellae.
Special type of short bone, formed entirely inside of a tendon (patella)

Question 6

Examples of sesamoid bones.

Answer 6

1. patellae (kneecaps)
2. in the joints of the palmar surface of the
   hands

Question 7

Characteristics of flat bones.

Answer 7

1.  Thin and composed of two nearly 
     parallel plates of compact bone 
     enclosing a layer of spongy bone.
2.  Protection and areas for muscle 
     attachment.

Question 8

Examples of flat bones.

Answer 8

1. cranial (skull) bones
2. the sternum (breastbone)
3. ribs
4. the scapulae (shoulder blades)

Question 9

Characteristics of irregular bones.

Answer 9

1. complex shapes
2. vary in the amounts of spongy and
   compact bone they contain.

Question 10

Examples of irregular bones.

Answer 10

1. vertebrae (backbones)
2. certain facial bones
3. calcaneus (heel bone)

Question 11

Long, cylindrical, main portion of bone.

Answer 11

diaphysis

Question 12

proximal and distal ends of bone

Answer 12

epiphysis

Question 13

Layer of cartilage that allows growth of the diaphysis

Answer 13

epiphyseal plate

Question 14

The cartilage in the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone when bone growth in length stops.

Answer 14

epiphyseal line

Question 15

Hollow, cylindrical space within the diaphysis that contains fatty yellow bone marrow and numerous blood vessels.

Answer 15

medullary cavity

Question 16

Connective tissue sheath that surrounds the bone surface wherever cartilage does not cover it.

Answer 16

periosteum

Question 17

Thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity.

Answer 17

endosteum

Question 18

Repeating structural units.

Answer 18

osteon

Question 19

Circular channel running longitudinally in the center of an osteon.

Answer 19

central canal

Question 20

Blood vessels and nerves from the perisosteum penetrate the compact bone.

-perpendicular to long axis

Answer 20

perforating canal

Question 21

Circular plates of a mineralized extracellular matrix of increasing diameter, surrounding a small network of blood vessels and nerves located in the central canal.

-concentric, circumferential, and interstitial

Answer 21

lamellae

Question 22

Small spaces between the concentric lamellae.

Answer 22

lacunae

Question 23

Thin columns of lamellae that are arranged in an irregular pattern.

Answer 23

trabeculae

Question 24

Tiny channels which are filled with extracellular fluid.

-connect lacunae with one another and with the central canals

Answer 24

canaliculi

Question 25

Bone building cells incise canaliculi. -synthesize and secrete collagen fibers and other organic components needed to build the extracellular matrix of bone tissue.

Answer 25

osteocytes

Question 26

Molecules secreted by cells that provide structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells.

Answer 26

extracellular matrix

Question 27

Cell that has secreted the matrix of cartilage and becomes embedded in it.

Answer 27

chondrocytes

Question 28

Connective tissue that envelops cartilage where it is not at a joint.

Answer 28

perichondrium

Question 29

Attachment point for muscles/ligaments: Small rounded projection or process.

Answer 29

tubercle

Question 30

Attachment point for muscles/ligaments: Large rough projection.

Answer 30

tuberosity

Question 31

Attachment point for muscles/ligaments: very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process; only on femur

Answer 31

trochanter

Question 32

Attachment point for muscles/ligaments: Projection above a condoyle

Answer 32

epicondyle

Question 33

Attachment point for muscles/ligaments: Narrow ridge of bone, usually prominent

Answer 33

crest

Question 34

Attachment point for muscles/ligaments: Narrow ridge of bones; less prominent than a crest

Answer 34

line

Question 35

Attachment point for muscles/ligaments: Sharp, slender, often pointed projection; usually relatively high

Answer 35

spine

Question 36

Rounded, articular projection.

Answer 36

condyle

Question 37

Smooth, nearly flat articular surface.

Answer 37

facet

Question 38

Enlarged, rounded projection with a narrow constriction (neck)

Answer 38

head

Question 39

Bend in a bone.

Answer 39

angle

Question 40

Branch or arm off the main part (body) of a bone.

Answer 40

ramus

Question 41

Canal-like passageway through a bone.

Answer 41

meatus

Question 42

Tunnel-like passageway through a bone.

Answer 42

canal

Question 43

Cavity within a bone; filled with air and lined with a mucous membrane

Answer 43

sinus

Question 44

Shallow depression on a bone; may serve as an articular surface.

Answer 44

fossa

Question 45

Deeper, narrow depression or furrow on a bone; may have a tendon run through it.

Answer 45

groove

Question 46

Indentation at the edge of a structure.

Answer 46

notch

Question 47

Little pit or indentation; muscle or ligaments may attach.

Answer 47

fovea

Question 48

Narrow, slit-like opening; blood vessels or nerves run through it.

Answer 48

fissure

Question 49

Groove on a bone.

Answer 49

sulcus

Question 50

Round or oval hole through or extending into a bone; blood vessels or nerves run through it.

Answer 50

foramen