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Anatomy Lab > Anatomy Lab - Muscles (Origin, Insertion, Action) > Flashcards

Anatomy Lab - Muscles (Origin, Insertion, Action) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior brachial compartment?

A

Triceps Brachii

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2
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the triceps brachii?

A

O: long head origin is on the infraglenoid tubercle lateral and medial heads are on the posterior humerus

I: olecranon process of the ulna

A: extension of the elbow

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3
Q

What two groups make up the muscles of the anterior antebrachial compartment?

A

Superficial Group &; Intermediate Group

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4
Q

What muscles make up the superficial group of the anterior antebrachial compartment?

A

Pronator Teres
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Palmaris Longus
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

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5
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the pronator teres?

A

O: medial epicondyle of humerus

I: lateral surface of radial shaft

A: pronation of hand

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6
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

O: medial epicondyle of the humerus

I: base of metacarpal #2

A: flexion of hand, abduction of hand

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7
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the palmaris longus?

A

O: medial epicondyle of the humerus

I: flexor retinaculum and palmer aponeurosis

A: felxion of hand

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8
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

O: medial epicondyle of humerus

I: pisiform bone

A: flexion of hand, adduction of hand

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9
Q

What muscles make up the intermediate group of muscles of the anterior antebrachial compartment?

A

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

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10
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

O: medial epicondyle of humerus

I: middle phalanges of digits II-V

A: flexion of hand and digits

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11
Q

What are the muscles of the superficial group of the posterior antebrachial compartment?

A 
Brachioradialis
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Extensor Digitorum Communis
Extensor Digiti Minimi
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
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12
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the brachioradialis?

A

O: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

I: styloid process of radius

A: flexion of elbow joint

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13
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: dorsal surface of metacarpal #II

A: extension of hand, abduction of hand

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14
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: dorsal surface of metacarpal #III

A: extension of hand

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15
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the extensor digitorum communis?

A

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: distal ends of digits II-V

A: extension of hand and digits

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16
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the digiti minimi?

A

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: extensor expansion of digit #V

A: extension of hand and digit #V

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17
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: base of metacarpal #V

A: extension of the hand, adduction of the hand

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18
Q

What three muscles stabilize the scapula?

A

Trapezius
Serratus Anterior
Pectoralis Minor

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19
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the trapezius?

A

O: spinous processes of all thoracic and 7th cervical vertebrae, and the external occipital protuberance

I: lateral 1/3 of clavicle & the acromion and spine of scapula

A: adduction of scapula, elevation of the glenoid fossa

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20
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the serratus anterior?

A

O: outer surface of first 8 or 9 ribs

I: medial margin of the scapula

A: abduction of scapula, elevation of the glenoid fossa

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21
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the pectoralis minor?

A

O: sternal end of ribs 3-5

I: coracoid process of scapula

A: depression of glenoid fossa

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22
Q

What are the 8 muscles that make up the shoulder joint? (found on arm models)

A 
1 - Deltoid
2 - Supraspinatus
3 - Infraspinatus
4 - Teres Minor
5 - Subscapularis
6 - Pectoralis Major (torso models)
7 - Teres Major (arm models)
8 - Latissimus Dorsi (torso models)
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23
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the deltoid?

A

O: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine of the scapula

I: deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

A: abduction, flexion, extension

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24
Q

What four muscles make up the Rotator Cuff?

A

1 - supraspinatus
2 - infraspinatus
3 - teres minor
4 - subscapularis

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25
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the supraspinatus?

A

O: supraspinous fossa

I: upper surface of greater tubercle

A: abduction

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26
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the infraspinatus?

A

O: infraspinous fossa

I: middle portion of the greater tubercle of humerus

A: lateral rotation

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27
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the teres minor?

A

O: superior 2/3 of lateral margin of scapula

I: lower portion of the greater tubercle of humerus

A: lateral rotation

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28
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the subscapularis?

A

O: subscapular fossa

I: lesser tubercle

A: medial rotation

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29
Q

What muscles make up the intertubercular groove?

A

1 - Pectoralis Major (torso models)
2 - Teres Major (arm models)
3 - Latissimus Dorsi (torso models)

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30
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the pectoralis major (torso models)?

A

O: medial half of clavicle, sternum, and first 6 rib cartilages

I: lateral ridge of the intertubercular groove

A: adduction, flexion, medial rotation

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31
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the teres major (arm models)?

A

O: inferior angle of scapula

I: medial ridge of intertubercular groove

A: adduction, extension, medial rotation

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32
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the latissimus dorsi (torso models)?

A

O: spinous process of lower 6 thoracic, and all lumbar vertebrae by means of the thoracolumbar fascia

I: floor of intertubercular groove

A: adduction, extension, medial rotation

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33
Q

What muscles make up the anterior brachial compartment?

A

1 - coracobrachialis
2 - brachialis
3 - biceps brachii

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34
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the coracobrachialis?

A

O: coracoid process of the scapula

I: medial surface of humeral shaft

A: adduction of humerus, flexion of humerus

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35
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the brachialis?

A

O: distal 1/2 of anterior surface of humerus

I: coronoid process of the ulna

A: flexion of elbow

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36
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the biceps brachii?

A

O: coracoid process and supraglenoid tubercle

I: radial tuberosity of radius

A: flexion of humerus and elbow

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37
Q

What 7 muscles make up the abdominal wall?

A 
1 - rectus abdominus
2 - external oblique 
3 - internal oblique (on Torso #1, but not #5)
4 - transversus abdominis
5 - quadratus lumborum
6 - psoas major
7 - iiacus
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38
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the rectus abdominus?

A

O: pubic crest

I: xiphoid process of the sternum and on the cartilage of ribs 5 - 7

A: flexion of vertebral column, compression of the abdomen

39
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the external oblique?

A

O: lower 8 ribs

I: linea alba

A: lateral flexion of the vertebral column, rotation of the vertebral column, compression of the abdomen.

40
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the internal oblique (on Torso #1, but not #5)?

A

O: lateral 1/2 of the inguinal ligament, iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia.

I: cartilage fo the lower 4 ribs and the linea alba

A: lateral flexion of the vertebral column, rotation of the vertebral column, compression of the abdomen.

41
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the transversus abdominis?

A

O: lateral part of the inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, and the cartilage of the lower 6 ribs

I: linea alba

A: compression of the abdomen

42
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the quadratus lumborum (check models from inside)?

A

O: iliac crest

I: transverse process of all lumbar vertebrae and the inferior edge of the 12th rib.

A: extension, lateral flexion

43
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the psoas major?

A

O: transverse process of lumbar vertebrae

I: lesser trochanter of the femur

A: flexion of the trunk of femur

44
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Iiacus?

A

O: iliac fossa

I: lesser trochanter

A: flexion of the trunk or femur

45
Q

Which muscles are involved in the movement of the head?

A

trapezius
splenius capitis
semispinalis capitis
sternocleidomastoid

46
Q

What is the action of the splenius capitis? (action only)

A

A: extension of the head

47
Q

What is the action of the semispinalis capitis? (action only)

A

A: extension of the head

48
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the sternocleidomastoid?

A

O: manubrium of sternum and medial 1/3 of clavicle

I: mastoid process of temporal bone

A: flexion, lateral flexion, rotation

49
Q

Which muscles are involved in the movement of the mandible?

A

temporalis

masseter

50
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the temporalis?

A

O: temporal fossa
I: coronoid process of mandible
A: elevation

51
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the masseter?

A

O: zygomatic arch
I: angle of the ramus of mandible
A: elevates mandible

52
Q

What are the facial muscles?

A 
frontalis
occipitalis
orbicularis oculi
orbicularis oris
zygomaticus
risorius
53
Q

What is the action of the frontalis?

location & actions only

A

wrinkles forehead

54
Q

What is the action of the occipitalis?

location & action only

A

draws scalp back

55
Q

What is the action of the orbicularis oculi?

location & action only

A

closes eye

56
Q

What is the action of the orbicularis oris?

location & action only

A

closes mouth, puckers lips

57
Q

What is the action of the zygomaticus?

location & action only

A

pulls corner of mouth upward

58
Q

What is the action of the risorius?

location & action only

A

pulls corner of mouth back

59
Q

MUSCLES OF THE HIP JOINT

What muscles make up the gluteal region?

A 
piriformis
gluteus minimus
gluteus medius
gluteus maximus
tensor fascia latae
60
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the piriformis?

A

O: anterior surface of the sacrum
I: Superior border of greater trochanter
A: lateral rotation abduction

61
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the gluteus minimus?

A

O: between anterior and inferior gluteal lines on the ilium
I: anterior border of greater trochanter
A: medial rotation abduction

62
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the gluteus medius?

A

O: between anterior and posterior gluteal lines on ilium
I: lateral surface on greater trochanter
A: abduction

63
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the gluteus maximus?

A

O: dorsal ilium, sacrum, and coccyx
I: iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity
A: extension of thigh lateral rotation

64
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the tensor fascia latae?

A

O: anterior crest of ilium
I: Iliotibial tract of the fascia latae
A: flexion, abduction, medial rotation of the thigh

65
Q

MUSCLES OF THE HIP JOINT

What muscle makes up the medial compartment?

A

adductor longus
adductor magnus
gracilis

66
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the adductor longus?

A

O: anterior pubis near the symphysis
I: middle of linea aspera
A: adduction, flexion

67
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the adductor magnus?

A

O: ischial ramus
I: length of linea aspera and adductor tubercle of the femur
A: adduction

68
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the gracilis?

A

O: inferior ramus of the pubis
I: medial to the tibial tuberosity on the tibia
A: adduction of thigh, flexion of knee

69
Q

MUSCLES OF THE KNEE JOINT

Which muscles make up the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

quadriceps femoris

sartorius

70
Q

What muscles make up the quadriceps femoris?

A

rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius

71
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the rectus femoris?

A

O: anterior inferior spine of the ilium
I: tibial tuberosity
A: extension of knee, flexion of thigh

72
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the vastus lateralis?

A

O: lateral side of gluteal tuberosity and proximal 1/3 of linea aspera
I: tibial tuberosity
A: extension

73
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the vastus medialis?

A

O: medial side of linea aspera
I: tibial tuberoisity
A: extension

74
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the vastus intermedius?

A

O: proximal 2/3 of anterior femoral shaft
I: tibial tuberosity
A: extension of knee

75
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the sartorius?

A

O: anterior superior iliac spine
I: medial to the tibial tuberosity
A: extension of knee, flexion of thigh, lateral rotation

76
Q

Which muscles make up the posterior compartment of the thigh (hamstrings)?

A

biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus

77
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the biceps femoris?

A

O: ischial tuberosity and linea aspera
I: lateral side of the head of the fibula
A: flexion of knee, extension of the thigh

78
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the semitendinosus?

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial to the tibial tuberosity
A: extension of thigh, flexion of knee

79
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the semimembranosus?

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: posterior surface of the medial condyle of the tibia
A: extension of thigh, flexion of knee

80
Q

MUSCLES OF THE ANKLE

Which muscles make up the anterior compartment?

A

tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus

81
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the tibialis anterior?

A

O: lateral condyle of the tibia and proximal 1/2 of tibial shaft
I: inferior base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
A: dorsiflexion, inversion

82
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the extensor digitorum longus?

A

O: lateral condyle of the tibia and proximal 3/4 of anterior surface of the fibula
I: distal phalanx of digits 2-5
A: dorsiflexion, extension of toes

83
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the extensor hallucis longus?

A

O: anterior surface of middle fibula
I: distal phalanx of digit 1
A: dorsiflexion, extension of toe

84
Q

MUSCLES OF THE ANKLE

Which muscles make up the lateral compartment?

A

Fibularis longus

Fibularis brevis

85
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the peroneus longus (fibularis longus)?

A

O: lateral head and proximal 2/3 of fibula
I: inferior base of 1st metatarsal
A: plantar flexion, eversion

86
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the peroneus brevis (fibularis brevis)?

A

O: lateral surface of fibula
I: lateral side of 5th metatarsal
A: plantar flexion, eversion

87
Q

MUSCLES OF THE ANKLE

Which “superficial muscles” make the posterior compartment?

A

gastrocnemius

soleus

88
Q

MUSCLES OF THE ANKLE

Which “deep group” muscles make up posterior compartment?

A

tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus

89
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of gastrocnemius?

A

O: posterior surface of lateral and medial condyles of the femur
I: calcaneus
A: plantar flexion, flexion of the knee

90
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the soleus?

A

O: posterior surface of proximal tibia and fibula
I: calcaneus
A: plantar flexion

91
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the tibialis posterior?

A

O: posterior surface of interosseous membrane and adjacent tibia and fibula
I: plantar surface of navicular bone
A: plantar flexion, inversion

92
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the flexor digitorum longus?

A

O: posterior surface of tibia
I: anterior base of distal phalanges 2-5
A: plantar flexion

93
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the flexor hallucis longus?

A

O: inferior 2/3 of shaft of fibula
I: plantar base of terminal phalanx of
digit 1
A: plantar flexion

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