Anatomy: knee/lower leg/feet Flashcards
Checks anterior translation of the tibia on the femur (or posterior translation of the femur on the tibia) and knee extension:
Anterior cruciate ligament
ACL attachment points:
Anterior intercondylar area of the tibia ⬄posterior and medial side of the lateral femoral condyle
The ACL is ________ when the knee is flexed and ________ when the knee is in full extension
Slack/taut
Checks posterior translation of the tibia on the femur (or anterior translation of the femur on the tibia) and knee flexion:
Posterior Cruciate Ligament
The PCL attaches:
Posterior intercondylar area of the tibia ⬄anterior and lateral side of the medial femoral condyle
Location of the Suprapatellar bursa
Superior to the patella between the tendon of the quadriceps muscle and the femur
What holds the Suprapatellar bursa in place/retracts it during knee extension?
the articularis genus muscle
Location of the Subcutaneous prepatellar bursa:
Between the skin and the anterior part of the patella
Layman’s term for the subcutaneous prepatellar bursitis:
Housemaid’s knee
Location of the Subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa:
Between the skin and the proximal tibia (in the area of the tibial tuberosity)
Layman’s term for Subcutaneous infrapatellar bursitis=
“clergyman’s knee” or “carpetlayer’s knee”
Deep infrapatellar bursa location:
Between the tendon of the quadriceps muscle and the anterior tibia (superior to the tibial tuberosity)
Pes anserine bursa tendons:
Sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus muscles
Pes anserinus muscles:
sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus
Pes anserine looks like a:
goose foot
Medial semimembranosus bursa layman’s term:
Baker’s cyst
Bursa deep to the iliotibial band bursitis layman’s term:
“runner’s knee”
Medical term for bursitis of the bursa deep to the IT band:
IT band friction syndrome
Muscles of the quads:
Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis (& VMO), vastus intermedius
Quads are prime movers for the ______:
Knee
All quad muscles attach distally to the ______ via the _________ ligament
Tibial tuberosity; patellar
Actions of Rectus femoris:
hip joint flexion
knee extension
Vastus lateralis action:
knee joint extension
Vastus lateralis attachment points:
superior/proximal attachment: lateral lip of linea aspera
inferior/distal attachment: tibial tuberosity (via the patellar ligament)
Vastus medialis attachment points:
Superior/proximal attachment: medial lip of linea aspera
Inferior/distal attachment: tibial tuberosity (via the patellar ligament)
Vastus medialis action:
Knee joint extension
Vastus medialis obliquus (VMO) actions:
knee joint extension
pulls patella medially (to prevent excessive lateral tracking)
What ligaments attach the medial and lateral menisci to their respective tibial plateaus?
medial and lateral coronary ligaments
They function to deepen the articulation (provide a more stable articulation between the tibia and the femur) and are slightly mobile and aid in the spreading of synovial fluid during knee movement:
Menisci of the knee
(Quads) Vastus intermedius action:
knee joint extension
Ant. thigh muscles: Articularis genu action:
pulls the capsule proximally during knee extension to prevent pinching of the capsule
Ant thigh: Sartorius actions:
action: hip joint flexion
action: hip joint abduction
action: hip joint lateral rotation
action: knee joint flexion
action: knee joint medial rotation (when the knee is already flexed)
Med. thigh muscles: Pectineus actions:
action: hip adduction
action: hip flexion (weak)
Med. thigh muscles: Adductor brevis actions:
action: hip adduction
action: hip flexion (weak)
Med. thigh muscles: Adductor longus actions:
action: hip adduction
action: hip flexion (weak)
Med. thigh muscles: Gracilis actions:
action: hip adduction
action: knee flexion
action: knee medial rotation
the only hip adductor that crosses the knee:
gracilis
the most medial of the adductors:
gracilis
Med thigh muscles: Adductor magnus – anterior fibres, action:
action: hip adduction
action: hip flexion
Adductor magnus – posterior fibres, action:
action: hip adduction
action: hip extension
Med. thigh muscles: In the inferior attachment of ______________ (about a hand-width above the adductor tubercle), is an opening called the adductor hiatus which allows for blood vessels to pass through
adductor magnus
Post. thigh muscles: Biceps femoris – long head, actions:
action: hip extension (and lateral rotation)
action: knee flexion
action: knee lateral rotation
Biceps femoris – short head, actions:
action: knee flexion
action: knee lateral rotation
Semitendinosus actions:
action: hip extension (and medial rotation)
action: knee flexion
action: knee medial rotation
Semimembranosus actions:
action: hip extension (and medial rotation)
action: knee flexion
action: knee medial rotation
most proximal bone of the foot:
talus
largest and strongest of the foot bones
calcaneus
this part of the calcaneus contacts the ground:
tuberosity of the calcaneus
what articulates between the talus and the cuneiform bones and is palpable on the medial side?
navicular
Articulates anteriorly with the 4th and 5th metatarsals and posteriorly with the calcaneus:
cuboid
hindfoot:
midfoot:
forefoot:
talus and calcaneus
navicular, cuboid & 3 cuneiforms
5 metatarsals and 14 phalanges
