Anatomy: knee/lower leg/feet

Question 1

Checks anterior translation of the tibia on the femur (or posterior translation of the femur on the tibia) and knee extension:

Answer 1

Anterior cruciate ligament

Question 2

ACL attachment points:

Answer 2

Anterior intercondylar area of the tibia ⬄posterior and medial side of the lateral femoral condyle

Question 3

The ACL is ________ when the knee is flexed and ________ when the knee is in full extension

Answer 3

Slack/taut

Question 4

Checks posterior translation of the tibia on the femur (or anterior translation of the femur on the tibia) and knee flexion:

Answer 4

Posterior Cruciate Ligament

Question 5

The PCL attaches:

Answer 5

Posterior intercondylar area of the tibia ⬄anterior and lateral side of the medial femoral condyle

Question 6

Location of the Suprapatellar bursa

Answer 6

Superior to the patella between the tendon of the quadriceps muscle and the femur

Question 7

What holds the Suprapatellar bursa in place/retracts it during knee extension?

Answer 7

the articularis genus muscle

Question 8

Location of the Subcutaneous prepatellar bursa:

Answer 8

Between the skin and the anterior part of the patella

Question 9

Layman’s term for the subcutaneous prepatellar bursitis:

Answer 9

Housemaid’s knee

Question 10

Location of the Subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa:

Answer 10

Between the skin and the proximal tibia (in the area of the tibial tuberosity)

Question 11

Layman’s term for Subcutaneous infrapatellar bursitis=

Answer 11

“clergyman’s knee” or “carpetlayer’s knee”

Question 12

Deep infrapatellar bursa location:

Answer 12

Between the tendon of the quadriceps muscle and the anterior tibia (superior to the tibial tuberosity)

Question 13

Pes anserine bursa tendons:

Answer 13

Sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus muscles

Question 14

Pes anserinus muscles:

Answer 14

sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus

Question 15

Pes anserine looks like a:

Answer 15

goose foot

Question 16

Medial semimembranosus bursa layman’s term:

Answer 16

Baker’s cyst

Question 17

Bursa deep to the iliotibial band bursitis layman’s term:

Answer 17

“runner’s knee”

Question 18

Medical term for bursitis of the bursa deep to the IT band:

Answer 18

IT band friction syndrome

Question 19

Muscles of the quads:

Answer 19

Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis (& VMO), vastus intermedius

Question 20

Quads are prime movers for the ______:

Answer 20

Knee

Question 21

All quad muscles attach distally to the ______ via the _________ ligament

Answer 21

Tibial tuberosity; patellar

Question 22

Actions of Rectus femoris:

Answer 22

hip joint flexion

knee extension

Question 23

Vastus lateralis action:

Answer 23

knee joint extension

Question 24

Vastus lateralis attachment points:

Answer 24

superior/proximal attachment: lateral lip of linea aspera

inferior/distal attachment: tibial tuberosity (via the patellar ligament)

Question 25

Vastus medialis attachment points:

Answer 25

Superior/proximal attachment: medial lip of linea aspera Inferior/distal attachment: tibial tuberosity (via the patellar ligament)

Question 26

Vastus medialis action:

Answer 26

Knee joint extension

Question 27

Vastus medialis obliquus (VMO) actions:

Answer 27

knee joint extension pulls patella medially (to prevent excessive lateral tracking)

Question 28

What ligaments attach the medial and lateral menisci to their respective tibial plateaus?

Answer 28

medial and lateral coronary ligaments

Question 29

They function to deepen the articulation (provide a more stable articulation between the tibia and the femur) and are slightly mobile and aid in the spreading of synovial fluid during knee movement:

Answer 29

Menisci of the knee

Question 30

(Quads) Vastus intermedius action:

Answer 30

knee joint extension

Question 31

Ant. thigh muscles: Articularis genu action:

Answer 31

pulls the capsule proximally during knee extension to prevent pinching of the capsule

Question 32

Ant thigh: Sartorius actions:

Answer 32

action: hip joint flexion action: hip joint abduction action: hip joint lateral rotation action: knee joint flexion action: knee joint medial rotation (when the knee is already flexed)

Question 33

Med. thigh muscles: Pectineus actions:

Answer 33

action: hip adduction action: hip flexion (weak)

Question 34

Med. thigh muscles: Adductor brevis actions:

Answer 34

action: hip adduction action: hip flexion (weak)

Question 35

Med. thigh muscles: Adductor longus actions:

Answer 35

action: hip adduction action: hip flexion (weak)

Question 36

Med. thigh muscles: Gracilis actions:

Answer 36

action: hip adduction action: knee flexion action: knee medial rotation

Question 37

the only hip adductor that crosses the knee:

Answer 37

gracilis

Question 38

the most medial of the adductors:

Answer 38

gracilis

Question 39

Med thigh muscles: Adductor magnus – anterior fibres, action:

Answer 39

action: hip adduction action: hip flexion

Question 40

Adductor magnus – posterior fibres, action:

Answer 40

action: hip adduction action: hip extension

Question 41

Med. thigh muscles: In the inferior attachment of ______________ (about a hand-width above the adductor tubercle), is an opening called the adductor hiatus which allows for blood vessels to pass through

Answer 41

adductor magnus

Question 42

Post. thigh muscles: Biceps femoris – long head, actions:

Answer 42

action: hip extension (and lateral rotation) action: knee flexion action: knee lateral rotation

Question 43

Biceps femoris – short head, actions:

Answer 43

action: knee flexion action: knee lateral rotation

Question 44

Semitendinosus actions:

Answer 44

action: hip extension (and medial rotation) action: knee flexion action: knee medial rotation

Question 45

Semimembranosus actions:

Answer 45

action: hip extension (and medial rotation) action: knee flexion action: knee medial rotation

Question 46

most proximal bone of the foot:

Answer 46

talus

Question 47

largest and strongest of the foot bones

Answer 47

calcaneus

Question 48

this part of the calcaneus contacts the ground:

Answer 48

tuberosity of the calcaneus

Question 49

what articulates between the talus and the cuneiform bones and is palpable on the medial side?

Answer 49

navicular

Question 50

Articulates anteriorly with the 4th and 5th metatarsals and posteriorly with the calcaneus:

Answer 50

cuboid

Question 51

hindfoot: midfoot: forefoot:

Answer 51

talus and calcaneus navicular, cuboid & 3 cuneiforms 5 metatarsals and 14 phalanges