Anatomy: Introduction to Myology

Question 1

the connection between a muscle and a tendon is called

Answer 1

musculotendinous junction (MTJ)

Question 2

the connection between a tendon and a bone is called the

Answer 2

tendoperiosteal junction (PTJ)

Question 3

the ______ is the central portion of the muscle (the meat of it)

Answer 3

belly

Question 4

_____: one of at least 2 extensions of a particular muscle belly that attaches via its own tendon

Answer 4

head

Question 5

___________: A sheet-like tendon

Answer 5

Aponeurosis

Question 6

when the tension is greater than the resistance, the muscle undergoes a shortening or _____________________

Answer 6

concentric contraction

Question 7

a _________________ pulls the two attachments closer together

Answer 7

concentric contraction

Question 8

when a muscle contracts against a resistance and there is no visible change in the muscle length (its attachments are NOT drawn together or pulled apart), it is called an _________________

Answer 8

isometric contraction

Question 9

when a muscle is generating force but is unable to overcome the force, the muscle will undergo a lengthening or _________________

Answer 9

eccentric contraction

Question 10

Muscle attachment reference: the attachment that is fixed is sometimes called the _____

Answer 10

origin

Question 11

Muscle attachment reference: the attachment that is moving is sometimes called the__________

Answer 11

insertion

Question 12

the primary muscle causing the desired movement:

Answer 12

primary mover

Question 13

prime mover for knee extension?

Answer 13

quadriceps

Question 14

the muscle that opposes a specific action

Answer 14

antagonist

Question 15

the muscles that stabilize the more proximal joints during actions of the more distal joints:

Answer 15

Stabilizers AKA fixators

Question 16

the muscle(s) that works to assist the prime mover in a given action:

Answer 16

Synergists AKA neutralizers AKA neutralizing synnergists

Question 17

connective tissue that runs throughout the body to provide structure and support:

Answer 17

fascia

Question 18

the fascia of the thigh is called the ________

Answer 18

fascia lata

Question 19

the iliotibial band attaches:

Answer 19

superiorly to the tubercle of the iliac crest and inferiorly to Gerdy’s tubercle and patella

Question 20

Psoas major actions when the low back is fixed and the femur is moving:

Answer 20

works with iliacus to flex the hip join

Question 21

when the femur is fixed and the low back is moving Psoas major (movement):

Answer 21

flexes the lumbar spine (low back)

Question 22

Psoas major superior/proximal attachments:

Answer 22

sides of T12 – L4 vertebrae and the associated intervertebral discs

Question 23

Psoas major inferior/distal attachment:

Answer 23

lesser trochanter of the femur

Question 24

Iliacus actions:

Answer 24

works with psoas major to flex the hip joint (when the pelvis is fixed and the femur is moving)

pulls the hip bone anteriorly (anterior pelvic tilt) (when the femur is fixed and the pelvis is moving)

Question 25

Gluteus maximus actions re: hip:

Answer 25

hip joint extension (Prime mover) hip joint lateral rotation hip abduction

Question 26

Gluteus medius (pelvic deltoid) actions:

Answer 26

hip joint abduction (Prime mover) hip joint flexion & medial rotation hip joint extension & lateral rotation

Question 27

what causes Trendelenburg gait?

Answer 27

Weakness in gluteus medius

Question 28

Gluteus minimus actions:

Answer 28

hip joint abduction hip joint flexion hip joint medial rotation

Question 29

Tensor fascia lata (TFL) actions:

Answer 29

hip joint abduction hip joint flexion hip joint medial rotation

Question 30

Piriformis actions:

Answer 30

- hip joint lateral rotation (in anatomical position) - hip joint medial rotation when the hip is flexed up to approx. 60o - hip joint abduction when the hip is flexed greater than 60o

Question 31

What action do all these short hip/deep glute muscles perform? (Gemellus superior, Obturator internus, Gemellus inferior, Obturator externus, Quadratus femoris)

Answer 31

hip joint lateral rotation

Question 32

Quadratus femoris attachment points:

Answer 32

superior/proximal attachment: lateral ischial tuberosity inferior/distal attachment: intertrochanteric crest

Question 33

what is a sesamoid bone?

Answer 33

a bone embedded in a tendon – usually shaped like a sesame seed

Question 34

the flat superior edge of the patella is called the?

Answer 34

base

Question 35

the more pointed inferior edge of the patella is called the?

Answer 35

apex

Question 36

what do the patellar facets articulate with?

Answer 36

the patellar surface of the femur and the medial and lateral condyles of the femur

Question 37

what function does the tibia have?

Answer 37

primary weight bearing bone of the leg

Question 38

how much weight does the fibula support?

Answer 38

1/6th

Question 39

The knee consists of 3 articulations:

Answer 39

1) the lateral condyle of the tibia articulates with the lateral femoral condyle 2) the medial condyle of the tibia articulates with the medial femoral condyle 3) the patella articulates with the femur

Question 40

Available movements at the knee (tibiofemoral joint):

Answer 40

``` flexion extension internal rotation (limited) external rotation (limited) (rotation occurs ONLY when the knee is flexed) ```

Question 41

what type of joint is the Tibiofemoral joint (movement-wise)?

Answer 41

modified hing, biaxial

Question 42

the patella moves ________ during flexion and _______________ during extension

Answer 42

down (inferiorly), up (superiorly and laterally)

Question 43

lateral deviation of the distal bone(s) of a joint (think knees):

Answer 43

valgus

Question 44

medial deviation of the distal bone of a joint (knees):

Answer 44

varus