Anatomy: Introduction to Myology Flashcards

1
Q

the connection between a muscle and a tendon is called

A

musculotendinous junction (MTJ)

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2
Q

the connection between a tendon and a bone is called the

A

tendoperiosteal junction (PTJ)

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3
Q

the ______ is the central portion of the muscle (the meat of it)

A

belly

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4
Q

_____: one of at least 2 extensions of a particular muscle belly that attaches via its own tendon

A

head

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5
Q

___________: A sheet-like tendon

A

Aponeurosis

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6
Q

when the tension is greater than the resistance, the muscle undergoes a shortening or _____________________

A

concentric contraction

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7
Q

a _________________ pulls the two attachments closer together

A

concentric contraction

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8
Q

when a muscle contracts against a resistance and there is no visible change in the muscle length (its attachments are NOT drawn together or pulled apart), it is called an _________________

A

isometric contraction

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9
Q

when a muscle is generating force but is unable to overcome the force, the muscle will undergo a lengthening or _________________

A

eccentric contraction

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10
Q

Muscle attachment reference: the attachment that is fixed is sometimes called the _____

A

origin

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11
Q

Muscle attachment reference: the attachment that is moving is sometimes called the__________

A

insertion

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12
Q

the primary muscle causing the desired movement:

A

primary mover

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13
Q

prime mover for knee extension?

A

quadriceps

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14
Q

the muscle that opposes a specific action

A

antagonist

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15
Q

the muscles that stabilize the more proximal joints during actions of the more distal joints:

A

Stabilizers AKA fixators

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16
Q

the muscle(s) that works to assist the prime mover in a given action:

A

Synergists AKA neutralizers AKA neutralizing synnergists

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17
Q

connective tissue that runs throughout the body to provide structure and support:

A

fascia

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18
Q

the fascia of the thigh is called the ________

A

fascia lata

19
Q

the iliotibial band attaches:

A

superiorly to the tubercle of the iliac crest and inferiorly to Gerdy’s tubercle and patella

20
Q

Psoas major actions when the low back is fixed and the femur is moving:

A

works with iliacus to flex the hip join

21
Q

when the femur is fixed and the low back is moving Psoas major (movement):

A

flexes the lumbar spine (low back)

22
Q

Psoas major superior/proximal attachments:

A

sides of T12 – L4 vertebrae and the associated intervertebral discs

23
Q

Psoas major inferior/distal attachment:

A

lesser trochanter of the femur

24
Q

Iliacus actions:

A

works with psoas major to flex the hip joint (when the pelvis is fixed and the femur is moving)

pulls the hip bone anteriorly (anterior pelvic tilt) (when the femur is fixed and the pelvis is moving)

25
Q

Gluteus maximus actions re: hip:

A

hip joint extension (Prime mover)
hip joint lateral rotation
hip abduction

26
Q

Gluteus medius (pelvic deltoid) actions:

A

hip joint abduction (Prime mover)
hip joint flexion & medial rotation
hip joint extension & lateral rotation

27
Q

what causes Trendelenburg gait?

A

Weakness in gluteus medius

28
Q

Gluteus minimus actions:

A

hip joint abduction
hip joint flexion
hip joint medial rotation

29
Q

Tensor fascia lata (TFL) actions:

A

hip joint abduction
hip joint flexion
hip joint medial rotation

30
Q

Piriformis actions:

A
  • hip joint lateral rotation (in anatomical position)
  • hip joint medial rotation when the hip is flexed up to approx. 60o
  • hip joint abduction when the hip is flexed greater than 60o
31
Q

What action do all these short hip/deep glute muscles perform? (Gemellus superior, Obturator internus, Gemellus inferior, Obturator externus, Quadratus femoris)

A

hip joint lateral rotation

32
Q

Quadratus femoris attachment points:

A

superior/proximal attachment: lateral ischial tuberosity

inferior/distal attachment: intertrochanteric crest

33
Q

what is a sesamoid bone?

A

a bone embedded in a tendon – usually shaped like a sesame seed

34
Q

the flat superior edge of the patella is called the?

A

base

35
Q

the more pointed inferior edge of the patella is called the?

A

apex

36
Q

what do the patellar facets articulate with?

A

the patellar surface of the femur and the medial and lateral condyles of the femur

37
Q

what function does the tibia have?

A

primary weight bearing bone of the leg

38
Q

how much weight does the fibula support?

A

1/6th

39
Q

The knee consists of 3 articulations:

A

1) the lateral condyle of the tibia articulates with the lateral femoral condyle
2) the medial condyle of the tibia articulates with the medial femoral condyle
3) the patella articulates with the femur

40
Q

Available movements at the knee (tibiofemoral joint):

A
flexion
extension
internal rotation (limited)
external rotation (limited)
(rotation occurs ONLY when the knee is flexed)
41
Q

what type of joint is the Tibiofemoral joint (movement-wise)?

A

modified hing, biaxial

42
Q

the patella moves ________ during flexion and _______________ during extension

A

down (inferiorly), up (superiorly and laterally)

43
Q

lateral deviation of the distal bone(s) of a joint (think knees):

A

valgus

44
Q

medial deviation of the distal bone of a joint (knees):

A

varus