Anatomy: Introduction to Myology Flashcards
the connection between a muscle and a tendon is called
musculotendinous junction (MTJ)
the connection between a tendon and a bone is called the
tendoperiosteal junction (PTJ)
the ______ is the central portion of the muscle (the meat of it)
belly
_____: one of at least 2 extensions of a particular muscle belly that attaches via its own tendon
head
___________: A sheet-like tendon
Aponeurosis
when the tension is greater than the resistance, the muscle undergoes a shortening or _____________________
concentric contraction
a _________________ pulls the two attachments closer together
concentric contraction
when a muscle contracts against a resistance and there is no visible change in the muscle length (its attachments are NOT drawn together or pulled apart), it is called an _________________
isometric contraction
when a muscle is generating force but is unable to overcome the force, the muscle will undergo a lengthening or _________________
eccentric contraction
Muscle attachment reference: the attachment that is fixed is sometimes called the _____
origin
Muscle attachment reference: the attachment that is moving is sometimes called the__________
insertion
the primary muscle causing the desired movement:
primary mover
prime mover for knee extension?
quadriceps
the muscle that opposes a specific action
antagonist
the muscles that stabilize the more proximal joints during actions of the more distal joints:
Stabilizers AKA fixators
the muscle(s) that works to assist the prime mover in a given action:
Synergists AKA neutralizers AKA neutralizing synnergists
connective tissue that runs throughout the body to provide structure and support:
fascia
the fascia of the thigh is called the ________
fascia lata
the iliotibial band attaches:
superiorly to the tubercle of the iliac crest and inferiorly to Gerdy’s tubercle and patella
Psoas major actions when the low back is fixed and the femur is moving:
works with iliacus to flex the hip join
when the femur is fixed and the low back is moving Psoas major (movement):
flexes the lumbar spine (low back)
Psoas major superior/proximal attachments:
sides of T12 – L4 vertebrae and the associated intervertebral discs
Psoas major inferior/distal attachment:
lesser trochanter of the femur
Iliacus actions:
works with psoas major to flex the hip joint (when the pelvis is fixed and the femur is moving)
pulls the hip bone anteriorly (anterior pelvic tilt) (when the femur is fixed and the pelvis is moving)
Gluteus maximus actions re: hip:
hip joint extension (Prime mover)
hip joint lateral rotation
hip abduction
Gluteus medius (pelvic deltoid) actions:
hip joint abduction (Prime mover)
hip joint flexion & medial rotation
hip joint extension & lateral rotation
what causes Trendelenburg gait?
Weakness in gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus actions:
hip joint abduction
hip joint flexion
hip joint medial rotation
Tensor fascia lata (TFL) actions:
hip joint abduction
hip joint flexion
hip joint medial rotation
Piriformis actions:
- hip joint lateral rotation (in anatomical position)
- hip joint medial rotation when the hip is flexed up to approx. 60o
- hip joint abduction when the hip is flexed greater than 60o
What action do all these short hip/deep glute muscles perform? (Gemellus superior, Obturator internus, Gemellus inferior, Obturator externus, Quadratus femoris)
hip joint lateral rotation
Quadratus femoris attachment points:
superior/proximal attachment: lateral ischial tuberosity
inferior/distal attachment: intertrochanteric crest
what is a sesamoid bone?
a bone embedded in a tendon – usually shaped like a sesame seed
the flat superior edge of the patella is called the?
base
the more pointed inferior edge of the patella is called the?
apex
what do the patellar facets articulate with?
the patellar surface of the femur and the medial and lateral condyles of the femur
what function does the tibia have?
primary weight bearing bone of the leg
how much weight does the fibula support?
1/6th
The knee consists of 3 articulations:
1) the lateral condyle of the tibia articulates with the lateral femoral condyle
2) the medial condyle of the tibia articulates with the medial femoral condyle
3) the patella articulates with the femur
Available movements at the knee (tibiofemoral joint):
flexion extension internal rotation (limited) external rotation (limited) (rotation occurs ONLY when the knee is flexed)
what type of joint is the Tibiofemoral joint (movement-wise)?
modified hing, biaxial
the patella moves ________ during flexion and _______________ during extension
down (inferiorly), up (superiorly and laterally)
lateral deviation of the distal bone(s) of a joint (think knees):
valgus
medial deviation of the distal bone of a joint (knees):
varus
