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anatomy integumentary system Flashcards

1
Q

functions of the integumentary system

A

synthesize vitamin D
regulate body temperature
balance bodily fluids
sensations from processing environmental stimuli
excretion

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2
Q

how does the skin create physical barriers

A

from its many layers of cells and its continuity

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3
Q

how does the skin create chemical barriers

A

skin secretes natural antibiotics and most secretions have low pH

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4
Q

melanin

A

chemical pigment shield to protect against UV damage; made by melanocytes

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5
Q

epidermis

A

made of epithelial cells
get all nutrients from dermis
made from 4 types of epidermal cells
has 4-5 layers

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6
Q

what are the 4 types of epidermal cells

A

keratinocytes, melanocytes, dendritic, tactile

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7
Q

what are the 5 layers of the epidermis

A

stratum corneum, stratum lucidium, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

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8
Q

stratum corneum

A

20-30 layers of dead cells bond tightly to prevent water loss and protect layers below

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9
Q

stratum lucidium

A

only in thick skin, thin band of flat, dead keratinocytes just below stratum corneum

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10
Q

stratum granulosum

A

1-5 layers of cells; where cells fill with keratin; tough and water resistant

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11
Q

stratum spinosum

A

contains intermediate filaments that resist tension; dendritic cells are most abundant

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12
Q

stratum basale

A

single row of stem cells attached to the dermis where most new cells are mast, actively divide

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13
Q

dermis

A

made of mostly dense connective tissue
majority of our skin (where blood works get done)
embedded with blood vessels, glands, hair follicles, and nerves
2 layers

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14
Q

what are the 2 layers of dermis

A

papillary dermis and reticular dermis

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15
Q

what is papillary dermis

A

made of aerolar connective tissue
interwoven loosely with collagen, elastic fibers, and blood
contains dermal papillae

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16
Q

what is the reticular dermis

A

made of dense irregular connective tissue
houses network of blood vessels and thick bundles of collagen fibers that give dermis strength and resiliency

17
Q

hypodermis

A

subcutaneous tissue
composed to adipose tissue
insulates against heat loss
energy storage
shock absorber
anchors skin to underlying structures (muscles)

18
Q

hair

A

long filaments made of dead keratinocytes
3 layers

19
Q

what are the three layers of hair

A

medulla
cortex
cuticle

20
Q

medulla

A

central core made of soft keratin

21
Q

cortex

A

bulky layer

22
Q

cuticle

A

single layer of overlapping cells
when cuticle wears away at tip of hair shaft, split ends are created

23
Q

hair follicles

A

tubular invaginations in the epidermis that hair grows out of
root hair plexus

24
Q

nails

A

made of heavily keratinized cells
3 parts
rests of part of epidermis called nail bed

25
Q

what are the 3 parts of nails

A

root
plate/body
free edge

26
Q

nail matrix

A

where the nail grows

27
Q

dermal papilla

A

has capillaries that supply hair with nutrients and signal growth

28
Q

sweat glands

A

work to keep us from overheating

29
Q

sebaceous gland

A

oily secretion
works to prevent water loss
lubricate/soften skin
antibacterial properties

30
Q

2 types of glands

A

eccrine
apocrine

31
Q

eccrine sweat gland

A

most abundant
extra in palms, forehead, soles of feet
sweat secretion
temperature control and antibacterial properties

32
Q

apocrine sweat gland

A

lie deeper in dermis
larger
come during puberty
empty in the hair follicles around armpit and groin
potential sexual sweat glands
secrete proteins and sweat

33
Q

2 types of modified apocrine glands

A

ceruminous and mammary

34
Q

ceruminous gland

A

in ear cannal
make ear wax

35
Q

mammary glands

A

secrete milk

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