Anatomy I Exam 3 Flashcards by Adam Sklamberg

Anterior sacral foramina allow the passage of which of the following?

Dorsal rami of sacral spinal nerves
Ventral rami of sacral spinal nerves
Lower thoracic nerves via cauda equina
Upper lumbar nerves via the cauda equina

Ventral rami of sacral spinal nerves

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A typical thoracic vertebra includes all of the following components except:

A heart shaped body
Interior articular facets
Superior costal demifacets
Transverse foramina

Transverse foramina

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The sacral promontory is formed by which of the following structures?

Centrum of L1
Spinous process of L1
Centrum of S1
Spinous process of S2

Centrum of S1

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Which of the following ligaments extends along the roof of the neural canal?

Anterior longitudinal
Posterior longitudinal
Ligamentum flavum
Supraspinous ligament

Ligamentum flavum

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Transverse foramina are characteristic of which of the following?

All cervical
Only the first six cervical
All cervical vertebrae plus the first thoracic
Only cervical vertebrae 2-7

All cervical

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Which of the following is a correct statement regarding vertebrae?

Transverse processes arise from the vertebra at the intersection of the lamina and pedicle

The spinous process of a vertebra arises from the intersection of two pedicles

Mammillary bodies are associated with the anterior articulating processes of the lower thoracic vertebrae

Articular facets of typical thoracic vertebrae are organized into a sagittal plane

Transverse processes arise from the vertebra at the intersection of the lamina and the pedicle

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How many cervical vertebrae are present in the human vertebral column?

Five
Six
Seven
As many as you want

Seven

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An exaggeration of a secondary vertebral column curve is characterized by which of the following?

Mostly occurs int he thoracic region
Is referred to as kyphosis
Mostly occurs in the cervical region
Is referred to as lordosis

Is referred to as lordosis

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In the cervical region which of the following ligaments is referred to as the ligamentum nuchae?

Anterior longitudinal
Posterior longitudinal
Ligamentum flavum
Supraspinous ligament

Supraspinous ligament

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The anterior longitudinal ligament of the vertebral column has which of the following characteristics?

It anchors the emerging spinal nerves in place
It limits the direction of the nucleus pulposus extrusion during disk herniation
It narrows anteriorly to the intervertebral disc
It limits flexion

It limits the direction of the nucleus pulposus extrusion during disk herniation

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Which of the following statements characterizes the denticulate ligaments?

They are found in the oral cavity and are part of the gomphoses
They attach the serratus anterior to the ribs
They help to stabilize the spinal cord
They extend between the pia mater and the arachnoid layer

They help stabilize the spinal cord

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The spinal cord proper ends at what level?

L5/S1
S5
L2
L4

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How many pairs of cervical spinal nerves are present in the human?

Five
Six
Seven
Eight

Eight

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Which of the following spaces or membranes around the spinal cord is superficial to all the others?

Dura mater
Pia mater
Epidural space
Arachnoid layer

Epidural space

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Which of the following levels of the spinal cord form the cervical enlargement?

C1-C5
C3-C6
C3-T1
C5-T2

C3-T1

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Lateral horns of the spinal cord are found in which of the following regions?

Cervical through upper sacral
Lower cervical through the upper lumbar
Upper cervical through the lower thoracic
Thoracic through the upper lumbar

Thoracic through the upper lumbar

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Cell bodies of the alpha motor neurons originate from which of the following regions of the spinal cord?

Posterior columns
Lateral horns
Lateral columns
Anterior horns

Anterior horns

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Which of the following characteristics is NOT of autonomic preganglionic neurons?

Always myelinated
Originate from ganglia
Utilize acetylcholine
Synapse in ganglia

Originate from ganglia

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The stellate ganglion is formed from which of the following fused ganglia?

All three cervical plus T1
T1 through T5
Middle and inferior cervical plus T1
Inferior cervical plus T1

Inferior cervical plus T1

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Splanchnic nerves are composed of preganglionic fibers and the visceral sensory fibers. They supply abdominal viscera. The greater splanchnic nerve synapses in which of the following regions?

Wall of upper GI tract
Aorticorenal ganglion
Celiac ganglion
Superior mesenteric ganglion

Celiac ganglion

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The parasympathetic supply to the thoracic cavity is via which of the following?

Paravertebral chain ganglion pairs T1-T5
Splanchnic nerves
Vagus nerves
Stellate ganglion

Vagus nerves

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The medial arcuate ligaments of the diaphragm form the lumbocostal arches and anteriorly cross which of the following muscles?

Latissimus dorsi
Quadratus lumborum
Psoas major
Transversus thoracis

Psoas major

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The vagus nerves pass through the diaphragm at which vertebral level?

T6
T8
T10
T12

T10

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The aortic opening of the diaphragm is located at which vertebral level?

T6
T8
T10
T12

T12

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Which of the following structures is/are found in both the superior and the inferior mediastinum? ``` Thymus Vagus nerve Heart Trachea Phrenic nerves ```

Thymus

The heart is found in which of the following locations? ``` Anterior superior mediastinum Middle superior mediastinum Anterior inferior mediastinum Middle inferior mediastinum Posterior inferior mediastinum ```

Middle inferior mediastinum

Which of the following structures would NOT be found in the superior mediastinum? ``` Esophagus Azygos vein Vagus nerves Thymus Trachea ```

Azygos vein

In aspirating material from the right costodiaphragmatic recess, care must be taken to not penetrate which of the following? ``` Spleen The lower lobe of the right lung The middle lobe of the right lung The liver The right ventricle ```

The liver

Which of the following lobes would not be found in the right lung? Upper (superior) Middle Lower (inferior) Lingula

Lingula

Which of the following statements is CORRECT with regard to pulmonary veins? Pulmonary veins returned oxygenated blood to the left atrium and are intersegmental Pulmonary veins return deoxygenated blood from the lung interstitium to the right atrium and are intersegmental Pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to the left atrium and are intrasegmental Pulmonary veins return deoxygenated blood from the lung to the interstitium to the right atrium and are intrasegmental

Pulmonary veins returned oxygenated blood to the left atrium and are intersegmental.

Which level of the tracheobronchial tree branchings supply bronchopulmonary segments? ``` Primary bronchi Secondary bronchi Tertiary bronchi Respiratory bronchioles Terminal bronchioles ```

Tertiary bronchi

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding the vascular supply to the bronchopulmonary tree? Bronchial arteries that supply the left lung are branches off the thoracic aorta Bronchial veins on the right drain into the azygos vein Bronchial arteries supplying the right lung are branches off the thoracic aorta Bronchial veins on the left drain into the accessory hemiazygos vein

Bronchial arteries supplying the right lung are branches off the thoracic aorta

Which of the following structures lies anterior to the arch of the aorta? Left primary bronchus Left recurrent laryngeal nerve Left phrenic nerve Trachea

Left phrenic nerve

True or false: The posterior descending artery is a branch of the right coronary artery.

True

True or false: Arteries supplying the AV and SA nodes are branches from the right coronary artery.

False

Which of the following is normally NOT a direct branch off the aortic arch? Brachiocephalic Left common carotid Left subclavian Right subclavian

Right subclavian

Which of the following veins is involved in draining the left posterior intercostal spaces? Left internal thoracic Azygos vein Hemiazygos vein Lateral thoracic vein

Hemiazygos vein

Which of the following structures would NOT be found in both the left and right ventricles? Papillary muscles Moderator band Chordae tendinae Trabeculae carnae

Chordae Tendinae

Which of the following represents the proximal attachment of the inguinal ligament? ``` ASIS AIIS greater trochanter Intertrochanteric crest Public tubercle ```

ASIS

The deep inguinal ring is formed by an evagination of the fascia of which of the following muscles? ``` Transversus Internal oblique External oblique Sartorius Rectus femoris ```

Transversus

The inguinal ligament is attached to the ASIS and the public tubercle and is the inferior border of the aponeurosis of which of the following muscles? ``` Transversus Internal oblique External oblique Sartorius Rectus femoris ```

External Oblique

Remnants of the umbilical arteries are associated with which of the following landmarks on the posterior aspect of the anterior abdominal wall? ``` Falciform ligament Medial umbilical folds Median umbilical fold Later umbilical folds Ligamentum teres ```

Medial umbilical folds

Which of the following "ligaments" extends from the umbilicus to the liver? ``` Lesser omentum Ligamentum teres Falciform Greater omentum Epiploic ```

Ligamentum teres

The ligamentum teres hepatic is enclosed within which of the following ligaments? ``` Gastrosplenic ligament Gastrohepatic ligament Hepatoduodenal ligament Falciform ligament Coronary ligament ```

Falciform ligament

When full, the urinary bladder would be found in which of the following regions of the abdomen? Right hypochondriac Epigastric Hypogastric Right Lateral

Hypogastric

What types of hernias occur primarily in older men, does not pass through the inguinal canal, and does not extend into the scrotum? Direct inguinal hernia Indirect inguinal hernia Femoral hernia Umbilical hernia

Direct inguinal hernia

The portal hepatis lies between which two liver lobes? ``` Right and Left Right and caudate Left and caudate Right and quadrate Caudate and quadrate ```

Caudate and quadrate

The lesser omentum separates which two lobes of the liver? Right and Left Right and caudate Caudate and quadrate Left and caudate

Left and caudate

Which of the following is the largest lobe of the liver? ``` Right Left Quadrate Caudate Median ```

Right

Which of the following is the largest visceral organ in the body? Liver Spleen Stomach Kidney

Liver

The hepatic portal vein is formed by the union of the superior mesenteric vein and which of the following? ``` Inferior mesenteric vein Splenic vein Left gastroepiploic vein Right gastroepiploic vein gastroduodenal vein ```

Splenic vein

Which of the following is true of the hepatic portal vein? It is formed by the union of the superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric veins It receives venous blood from most of the gastrointestinal tract It passes to the liver through the falciform ligament It forms anterior to the head of the pancreas It terminates directly into the inferior vena cava

It receives venous blood from most of the gastrointestinal tract

Which of the follow structures is NOT part of the portal triad? Hepatic portal vein Common hepatic duct Inferior vena cava Common hepatic artery

Inferior vena cava

A strong sphincter muscle is associated with which of the following structures? Fundus of the stomach Body of the stomach Spleen Pylorus of the stomach

Pylorus of the stomach

Which of the following characteristic of the hepatoduodenal ligament? It is part of the greater omentum It is part of the lesser omentum It contains the found ligament of the liver It attaches to the bare area of the liver It attaches to the neck of the gallbladder

It is part of the lesser omentum

Which of the follow part of the GI tract is not suspended by a mesentery? ``` Transverse colon Sigmoid colon Ileum Jejunum Duodenum ```

Duodenum

The neck of the pancreas is crossed by which of the following structures? ``` Splenic artery Left gastric artery Common hepatic artery Abdominal aorta Superior mesenteric artery ```

Superior mesenteric artery

The proximal ends of the duodenum begins at which of the following levels: ``` T11 L1 L2 L3 L4 ```

The junction between the sigmoid colon and the rectum is anterior to which of the following landmarks? ``` S2 S3 S4 Pelvic brim Arcuate line ```

The small intestine is approximately 21 feet in length. Which of the following is the longest of the three subdivisions of the small intestine? Jejunum Duodenum Ileum Rectum

Ileum

Taenia coli are associated with which fo the following structures? Ileum Duodenum Jejunum Sigmoid colon

Sigmoid colon

The abdominal aorta gives off three pairs of visceral branches. Which of the following would NOT be included in this group? Renal Gonadal Middle suprarenal Phrenic

Phrenic

The superior suprarenal arteries are branches of which of the following vessels? ``` Inferior phrenic Abdominal aorta Renal Superior mesenteric Inferior mesenteric ```

Inferior phrenic

True or false: The short gastric arteries are branches of the left gastric artery.

False

Which of the following arteries is not a direct branch of the celiac trunk? Splenic Right gastric Common hepatic Left gastric

Right gastric

The vagus nerve passes through the diaphragm at which of the following levels? T6 T8 T10 T12

T10

The lesser curvature of the stomach is supplied by the: ``` Left gastric artery Splenic artery Common hepatic artery Greater epiploic artery None of the above ```

Left gastric artery

The ascending colon is supplied by which of the following? ``` Celiac trunk Superior mesenteric artery Inferior mesenteric artery Middle colic artery Median sacral artery ```

Superior mesenteric artery

The inferior suprarenal arteries are branches of which of the following arteries? ``` Inferior phrenic Common hepatic Left gastric Abdominal aorta Renal ```

Renal

The bifurcation of the abdominal aorta into the common iliacs is associated with which of the following landmarks? ``` L3 L4 L5 S1 S2 ```

The inguinal ligament attaches to which pair of the following structures? ASIS and AIIS AIIS and ischial spine ASIS and pubic tubercle ASIS and inferior public ramus

ASIS and pubic tubercle

The inferior vena cava passes through the diaphragm at which vertebral level? T6 T8 T10 T12

The greater splanchnic nerves pass through the diaphragm at which vertebral level? T6 T8 T10 T12

T12

The paired diaphragmatic crura are connected superiorly by which of the following structure(s)? Pyloric sphincter Median arcuate ligaments Medial arcuate ligaments Lateral arcuate ligaments

Median arcuate ligaments

The right lateral arcuate ligament is formed from the deep fascia of which of the following structures? Psoas major Quadratus lumborum Falciform ligament Right renal

Quadratus lumborum

Which of the follow structures is part of the portal triad? Hepatic portal vein Common hepatic duct Inferior vena cava Common hepatic artery

Hepatic portal vein Common hepatic duct Common hepatic artery