Anatomy (Heart)

Question 1

Where is the normal position of the apex beat?

Answer 1

On the left, at or near the 5th intercostal space in the midclavicular line

Question 2

When might the apex beat be displaced?

Answer 2

Cardiomegaly (enlargement of the heart)

Question 3

What vessels drain into the right atrium?

Answer 3

Superior and inferior vena cava

Question 4

What vessels drain into the left atrium?

Answer 4

Pulmonary vein

Question 5

What vessels originate from the right ventricle?

Answer 5

Pulmonary artery

Question 6

What vessels originate from the left ventricle?

Answer 6

Aorta

Question 7

What makes up the anterior (sternocostal) surface of the heart?

Answer 7

Right atrium, right ventricle and a small part of the left ventricle

Question 8

What makes up the posterior surface (the base) of the heart?

Answer 8

The left atrium

Question 9

What does the inferior surface of the heart rest on?

Answer 9

The central tendon of the diaphragm

Question 10

Describe the fibrous pericardium and its function

Answer 10

Tough sac that encloses the heart

1. Protects the heart
2. Stabilises the heart by attaching it to adjacent structures

Question 11

What is the fibrous pericardium attached to?

Answer 11

Superiorly : Continuous with the adventitia around roots of great vessels
Anteriorly : Sternum
Inferiorly : Central tendon of diaphragm (firmly adherent)

Question 12

What is adventitia?

Answer 12

Outermost fibrous CT covering vessels and organs

Question 13

Describe the two layers of serous pericardium and what they are attached to?

Answer 13

Visceral layer (epicardium) attached to surface of the heart
Parietal layer attached to fibrous pericardium

Question 14

What is found between the two layers of serous pericardium, what is the function?

Answer 14

Pericardial cavity filled with pericardial fluid, acts as lubricant

Question 15

Where are the two layers of serous pericardium continuous with each other?

Answer 15

Around the roots of the great vessels

Question 16

What is the groove called that separates the atria from the ventricles?

Answer 16

Atrioventricular (coronary) groove

Question 17

What are the grooves called that separates the ventricles?

Answer 17

Posterior and anterior interventricular groove

Question 18

What vessels occupy the atrioventricular groove?

Answer 18

Coronary veins, coronary arteries and coronary sinus

Question 19

What vessels occupy the posterior interventricular groove

Answer 19

Posterior interventricular artery and middle cardiac vein

Question 20

What vessels occupy the anterior interventricular groove

Answer 20

Anterior branch of interventricular artery and great cardiac vein

Question 21

B

Answer 21

Fibrous pericardium

Question 22

C

Answer 22

Serous pericardium

Question 23

E

Answer 23

Visceral pericardium

Question 24

D

Answer 24

Parietal pericardium

Question 25

A

Answer 25

Pericardium

Question 26

F

Answer 26

Pericardial cavity filled with pericardial fluid

Question 27

What are the 2 arrows pointing to?

Answer 27

Auricular Appendices

Question 28

Where does the right coronary artery arise from?

Answer 28

Anterior aortic sinus

Question 29

What does the left coronary artery arise from?

Answer 29

Left posterior aortic sinus

Question 30

What two arteries branch off the right coronary artery?

Answer 30

Right marginal branch | Posterior interventricular branch

Question 31

What two arteries branch off the left coronary artery?

Answer 31

Anterior interventricular branch | Circumflex branch

Question 32

What artery supplies the interventricular septum?

Answer 32

Anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery

Question 33

What is found in the slightly dilated part of the ascending aorta?

Answer 33

Aortic sinuses ( between the wall of the aorta and cusps of the aortic valve.)

Question 34

What are the 4 functions of the fibrous skeleton of the heart (cardiac skeleton)?

Answer 34

1. Ensure electrophysiology discontinuity between atrial and ventricular myocardium , except via AV node 2. Provide mechanical attachment for ventricular tissue 3. Maintain cardiac position within pericardium 4. Provide attachment for aortic, pulmonary, tricuspid and mitral valve

Question 35

Draw and label the heart and it’s accompanying vessels (use Notability)

Answer 35

Question 36

Where do the coronary arteries arise from?

Answer 36

The root of the Aorta

Question 37

Where does the left coronary artery lie and what does it branch into?

Answer 37

Beneath the left auricle of the heart, branching into the circumflex branch and the anterior interventricular artery

Question 38

What is shown here?

Answer 38

Coronary sinus

Question 39

Answer 39

Coronary sinus openings