Anatomy (Heart) Flashcards
Where is the normal position of the apex beat?
On the left, at or near the 5th intercostal space in the midclavicular line
When might the apex beat be displaced?
Cardiomegaly (enlargement of the heart)
What vessels drain into the right atrium?
Superior and inferior vena cava
What vessels drain into the left atrium?
Pulmonary vein
What vessels originate from the right ventricle?
Pulmonary artery
What vessels originate from the left ventricle?
Aorta
What makes up the anterior (sternocostal) surface of the heart?
Right atrium, right ventricle and a small part of the left ventricle
What makes up the posterior surface (the base) of the heart?
The left atrium
What does the inferior surface of the heart rest on?
The central tendon of the diaphragm
Describe the fibrous pericardium and its function
Tough sac that encloses the heart
- Protects the heart
- Stabilises the heart by attaching it to adjacent structures
What is the fibrous pericardium attached to?
Superiorly : Continuous with the adventitia around roots of great vessels
Anteriorly : Sternum
Inferiorly : Central tendon of diaphragm (firmly adherent)
What is adventitia?
Outermost fibrous CT covering vessels and organs
Describe the two layers of serous pericardium and what they are attached to?
Visceral layer (epicardium) attached to surface of the heart Parietal layer attached to fibrous pericardium
What is found between the two layers of serous pericardium, what is the function?
Pericardial cavity filled with pericardial fluid, acts as lubricant
Where are the two layers of serous pericardium continuous with each other?
Around the roots of the great vessels
What is the groove called that separates the atria from the ventricles?
Atrioventricular (coronary) groove
What are the grooves called that separates the ventricles?
Posterior and anterior interventricular groove
What vessels occupy the atrioventricular groove?
Coronary veins, coronary arteries and coronary sinus
What vessels occupy the posterior interventricular groove
Posterior interventricular artery and middle cardiac vein
What vessels occupy the anterior interventricular groove
Anterior branch of interventricular artery and great cardiac vein
B
Fibrous pericardium
C
Serous pericardium
E
Visceral pericardium
D
Parietal pericardium
A
Pericardium
F
Pericardial cavity filled with pericardial fluid
What are the 2 arrows pointing to?
Auricular Appendices
Where does the right coronary artery arise from?
Anterior aortic sinus
What does the left coronary artery arise from?
Left posterior aortic sinus
What two arteries branch off the right coronary artery?
Right marginal branch
Posterior interventricular branch
What two arteries branch off the left coronary artery?
Anterior interventricular branch
Circumflex branch
What artery supplies the interventricular septum?
Anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery
What is found in the slightly dilated part of the ascending aorta?
Aortic sinuses ( between the wall of the aorta and cusps of the aortic valve.)
What are the 4 functions of the fibrous skeleton of the heart (cardiac skeleton)?
- Ensure electrophysiology discontinuity between atrial and ventricular myocardium , except via AV node
- Provide mechanical attachment for ventricular tissue
- Maintain cardiac position within pericardium
- Provide attachment for aortic, pulmonary, tricuspid and mitral valve
Draw and label the heart and it’s accompanying vessels (use Notability)
Where do the coronary arteries arise from?
The root of the Aorta
Where does the left coronary artery lie and what does it branch into?
Beneath the left auricle of the heart, branching into the circumflex branch and the anterior interventricular artery
What is shown here?
Coronary sinus
Coronary sinus openings
