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CP > Anatomy (Heart) > Flashcards

Anatomy (Heart) Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the normal position of the apex beat?

A

On the left, at or near the 5th intercostal space in the midclavicular line

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2
Q

When might the apex beat be displaced?

A

Cardiomegaly (enlargement of the heart)

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3
Q

What vessels drain into the right atrium?

A

Superior and inferior vena cava

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4
Q

What vessels drain into the left atrium?

A

Pulmonary vein

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5
Q

What vessels originate from the right ventricle?

A

Pulmonary artery

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6
Q

What vessels originate from the left ventricle?

A

Aorta

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7
Q

What makes up the anterior (sternocostal) surface of the heart?

A

Right atrium, right ventricle and a small part of the left ventricle

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8
Q

What makes up the posterior surface (the base) of the heart?

A

The left atrium

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9
Q

What does the inferior surface of the heart rest on?

A

The central tendon of the diaphragm

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10
Q

Describe the fibrous pericardium and its function

A

Tough sac that encloses the heart

  1. Protects the heart
  2. Stabilises the heart by attaching it to adjacent structures
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11
Q

What is the fibrous pericardium attached to?

A

Superiorly : Continuous with the adventitia around roots of great vessels
Anteriorly : Sternum
Inferiorly : Central tendon of diaphragm (firmly adherent)

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12
Q

What is adventitia?

A

Outermost fibrous CT covering vessels and organs

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13
Q

Describe the two layers of serous pericardium and what they are attached to?

A 
Visceral layer (epicardium) attached to surface of the heart
Parietal layer attached to fibrous pericardium
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14
Q

What is found between the two layers of serous pericardium, what is the function?

A

Pericardial cavity filled with pericardial fluid, acts as lubricant

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15
Q

Where are the two layers of serous pericardium continuous with each other?

A

Around the roots of the great vessels

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16
Q

What is the groove called that separates the atria from the ventricles?

A

Atrioventricular (coronary) groove

17
Q

What are the grooves called that separates the ventricles?

A

Posterior and anterior interventricular groove

18
Q

What vessels occupy the atrioventricular groove?

A

Coronary veins, coronary arteries and coronary sinus

19
Q

What vessels occupy the posterior interventricular groove

A

Posterior interventricular artery and middle cardiac vein

20
Q

What vessels occupy the anterior interventricular groove

A

Anterior branch of interventricular artery and great cardiac vein

21
Q

B

A

Fibrous pericardium

22
Q

C

A

Serous pericardium

23
Q

E

A

Visceral pericardium

24
Q

D

A

Parietal pericardium

25
Q

A

A

Pericardium

26
Q

F

A

Pericardial cavity filled with pericardial fluid

27
Q

What are the 2 arrows pointing to?

A

Auricular Appendices

28
Q

Where does the right coronary artery arise from?

A

Anterior aortic sinus

29
Q

What does the left coronary artery arise from?

A

Left posterior aortic sinus

30
Q

What two arteries branch off the right coronary artery?

A

Right marginal branch

Posterior interventricular branch

31
Q

What two arteries branch off the left coronary artery?

A

Anterior interventricular branch

Circumflex branch

32
Q

What artery supplies the interventricular septum?

A

Anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery

33
Q

What is found in the slightly dilated part of the ascending aorta?

A

Aortic sinuses ( between the wall of the aorta and cusps of the aortic valve.)

34
Q

What are the 4 functions of the fibrous skeleton of the heart (cardiac skeleton)?

A
  1. Ensure electrophysiology discontinuity between atrial and ventricular myocardium , except via AV node
  2. Provide mechanical attachment for ventricular tissue
  3. Maintain cardiac position within pericardium
  4. Provide attachment for aortic, pulmonary, tricuspid and mitral valve
35
Q

Draw and label the heart and it’s accompanying vessels (use Notability)

A
36
Q

Where do the coronary arteries arise from?

A

The root of the Aorta

37
Q

Where does the left coronary artery lie and what does it branch into?

A

Beneath the left auricle of the heart, branching into the circumflex branch and the anterior interventricular artery

38
Q

What is shown here?

A

Coronary sinus

39
Q
A

Coronary sinus openings

CP (9 decks)

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