Anatomy Halo-halo 2

Question 1

ligament of the apex of the bladder

Answer 1

the APEX of the bladder points anteriorly and lies behind the UPPER margin of the SYMPHYSIS PUBIS

it is connected to the UMBILICUS by the MEDIAN UMBILICAL LIGAMENT

Question 2

ligament attachments of the neck of the bladder

Answer 2

(neck of the bladder rests on the upper surface of the prostate)

the neck of the bladder is held in position by the PUBOPROSTATIC LIGAMENTS in the male (PUBOVESICAL LIGAMENTS in female)
these ligemantes are thickenings of the pelvic fascia

*at the neck of the bladder, the CIRCULAR component of muscular coat (DETRUSOR MUSCLE) is thickened to form the SPHINCTER VESICAE

Question 3

maximum capacity of urinary bladder

Answer 3

500 mL

Question 4

base of the bladder

Answer 4

faces posteriorly

triangular

Question 5

separates the seminal vesicles from each other

Answer 5

vasa deferentia (lies posterior of the bladder)

Question 6

shape of the bladder

Answer 6

empty: pyramidal
filled: oval

Question 7

muscle relations of the bladder

Answer 7

INFEROLATERAL SURFACE
Posterior part
-above: obturator internus
-below: levator ani

Question 8

the area of mucous membrane covering the internal surface of the *BASE of the bladder is called the

Answer 8

TRIGONE
-always smooth even when the bladder is empty because the mucus membrane is firmly adherent to the underlying MUSCULAR coat

*base: posterior surface of the bladder

Question 9

elevation produced by the median lobe of the prostate

Answer 9

uvula vesicae

-small elevation situated immediately behind the urethral orifice

Question 10

the muscular coat of the bladder

Answer 10

detrusor muscle

• the muscular coat of the bladder is composed smooth muscle and is arranged as 3 layers of interlacing bundles known as detrusor muscle”
• at the NECK of the bladder, the circular coat of the muscle coat is thickened to form the SPHINCTER VESICAE

Question 11

What is the trigone

Answer 11

the area of mucous membrane covering the internal surface of the BASE of the bladder
it is firmly adherent to the underlying muscular coat (detrusor muscle)

Question 12

Blood supply of the bladder

Answer 12

superior and inferior vesical arteries, branches of the internal iliac arteries

Question 13

venous drainage of the bladder

Answer 13

the veins form the vesical venous plexus that drains into the internal iiliac vein

Question 14

lymphatic drainage of the bladder

Answer 14

internal and external iliac nodes

Question 15

nerve supply of the bladder

Answer 15

the INFERIOR HYPOGASTRIC PLEXUSES

most affarent sensory fibers arising from the bladder reach the CNS via the PELVIC SPLANCHNIC NERVES (S2-S4; also the para preganglionic fibers)
-some travel with the sympathetic nerves and enter L1 and L2

Question 16

autonomics of the bladder

Answer 16

sympa:

• inhibits contraction of the DETRUSOR muscle
• stimulate closure of the SPHINCTER VESICAE

reverse for the para

Question 17

micturition relfex is initiated when the volume of urine reaches about

Answer 17

300 mL

Question 18

MICTURITION

Answer 18

reflex is initiated when the volum of urine reaches about 300 mL

Question 19

innervation of urethral sphincter

Answer 19

pudendal nerve (S2-S4, efferent signals, voluntary control)

Question 20

voluntary control of micturition is normally developed during

Answer 20

the 2nd or 3rd year of life

Question 21

remarks on the female bladder

Answer 21

the neck rests directly on the upper surface of the UROGENITAL DIAPHRAGM

the superior surface is related to the uterovesical pouch of peritoneum and to the body of the uterus

Question 22

remarks on the pericardial sinses

Answer 22

pericardial sinuses are spaces posterior to the heart formed by reflections of the serous pericardium around the great vessels

the reflecion around the large veins forms inverted U-shaped culd-de-sac called the OBLIEQUE SINUS (behind the LEFT ATRIUM)

these sinuses are extensions of the pericardial cavity and not separate compartmental spaces

Question 23

the relatively short horizontal space between the reflection of the serous pericardium around the AROTA and PULMONARY TRUNK and the relfection around the LARGE VEINS is the

Answer 23

transverse sinus

Question 24

a vertical groove running outside the heart at jxn bet right atrium and right ventricle

Answer 24

sulcus terminals

inside couterpart: crista terminals

Question 25

the atrium proper is smooth wallwed or adnd forms from the embryonic ______

Answer 25

sinus venosus

Question 26

opening of the coronary sinus

Answer 26

right atrium between the IVC and the AV orifice