Anatomy FoM 3 Flashcards
Two types of fascia
Superficial
Deep
Definition of fascia
Connective tissue that separates skin from deeper structure (muscles and bones)
Characteristics of superficial fascia
Made of fatty layer and membranous layer
Gives body rounded form
Characteristics of deep fascia
Enclose muscle compartments
Affect way infection spreads
Limiting expansion can compromise blood supply when swelling happens
What does voluntary means?
Contraction controlled by nerves and under conscious control
Ending of skeletal muscle cell and nerve fibre
Motor end plate
(neuromuscular junction)
If nerve supply to skeletal muscle doesn’t occur, what happen?
Component muscle fibres atrophy rapidly
Shapes and size of skeletal muscle cells and fibres
Long and cylindrical
Multinucleated
2-35cm long
Role of myofibril
Responsible for muscle contraction
Why is cross striation shown?
Due to arrangement of cytoplasmic myofilaments that constitute myofibrils
Arrangement of collagen fascicles within the tendon permit…
Passive transmitter of force from muscle to bone
Compare stiffness and tensile strength of muscle and tendon
Tendon is stiffer and greater tensile strength
Junction between muscles and tendons
myotendinous junction
(common site of injuries)
How does tendon CT is repaired?
Activation of fibroblasts, which synthesise CT fibres including collagen
Major movements of trunk
Flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation
Muscles in anterior and lateral abdominal wall
External oblique
Internal oblique
Rectus abdominis
Transversus abdominis
What muscles actively involved in increasing pressure of abdominal cavity?
External oblique
Internal oblique
Rectus abdominis
Transversus abdominis
Extensor of the back
Erector spinae
Role of linea alba
Type of connective tissue that separate left and right rectus abdominal muscles and site of incision
Flexor of trunk
External oblique
Internal oblique
Rectus abdominis
Lateral flexor of trunk
External oblique
Internal oblique
Latissimus dorsi
Erector spinae
Role of serratus anterior
Scapula protraction
Scapula lateral rotation
Role of pectoralis major
Shoulder medial rotation
Shoulder adduction
Shoulder flexion
Role of deltoid
Anterior head: shoulder flexion
All heads: shoulder abduction
Posterior head: shoulder extension, shoulder lateral rotation
Role of trapezius
Scapula elevation
Scapula depression
Scapula retraction
Scapula lateral rotation
Role of latissimus dorsi
Shoulder extension
Shoulder adduction
Shoulder medial rotation
Only muscle that cross shoulder joint?
Latissimus dorsi
(other muscles act at scapulothoracic joint)
Origin and insertion of trapezius
O: Occipital and C7-T12 vertebra
I: spine of scapula and clavicle
Muscles in anterior compartment of arm and their role
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Main elbow flexor
Most powerful elbow flexor
Brachialis
Muscles of arm anterior that help shoulder movement
Biceps brachii (shoulder extension)
Muscles involve in supination of flexed forearm
Biceps brachii
Attachment of long head and short head of biceps brachii
Long: supraglenoid turbercle
Short: coracoid process
Muscle at posterior compartment of arm and main role
Triceps brachii
Elbow extensor
Small muscles located in the hand
Intrinsic muscle
Muscles lie in the forearm and their tendons pass to hand
Extrinsic muscle
Role of anterior compartment of extrinsic muscle
Wrist flexor
Role of posterior compartment of extrinsic muscle
Wrist extensor
(extensor digitorium is synergist)
Connective tissue that hold tendons at place
Retinaculum
Name anterior compartment superficial muscles of forearm
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor digitorium superficialis
Flexor carpi ulnas
Name posterior compartment superficial muscles of forearm
Extensor digitorium
Extensor carpi radialis(longus, brevis)
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Muscles of wrist abduction
Flexor carpi radialis
Extensor carpi radialis
Muscles of wrist adduction
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Major flexor of hip joint
Iliopsoas (iliacus + psoas major)
Role of gluteus Maximus
Extensor and lateral rotator of hip joint
Where does gluteus Maximus joins to laterally?
Iliotibial tract
Another name of medial compartment of thigh
Adductor compartment
(because muscles have common origin to pubis and act to adduct femur at hip joint)
Anterior compartment of thigh
Quadriceps femoris
Role of quadriceps femoris
Knee extensor
One particular role of rectus femoris
Assist in hip flexion
Posterior compartment of thigh
Hamstring ( 3 muscles)
Where does hamstring muscles lie?
Ischium to tibia or fibula
Role of hamstring
Knee flexor and hip extensor
Muscles of anterior compartment of leg and its role
Tibialis anterior
For dorsiflexion (extensor)
Muscles of posterior compartment of leg and its role
Soleus
Gastrocnemius
For Plantarflexion (flexion)
Where does soleus and gastrocnemius join?
Achilles tendon, which attaches until calcaneus
How do movements at trunk occur?
Compression between intervertebral discs and gliding movements of intervertebral facet joints
Why anterior muscle wall of abdomen increases pressure?
For straining (empty bowel, bladder…)
Why are upper limb muscles less bulky than lower limb?
Due to lack of weight bearing functions
Why does rotational movement is impossible when knee is fully extended?
Most of the ligaments are taut
