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Year 1 > Anatomy FoM 3 > Flashcards

Anatomy FoM 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Two types of fascia

A

Superficial
Deep

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2
Q

Definition of fascia

A

Connective tissue that separates skin from deeper structure (muscles and bones)

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3
Q

Characteristics of superficial fascia

A

Made of fatty layer and membranous layer
Gives body rounded form

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4
Q

Characteristics of deep fascia

A

Enclose muscle compartments
Affect way infection spreads
Limiting expansion can compromise blood supply when swelling happens

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5
Q

What does voluntary means?

A

Contraction controlled by nerves and under conscious control

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6
Q

Ending of skeletal muscle cell and nerve fibre

A

Motor end plate
(neuromuscular junction)

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7
Q

If nerve supply to skeletal muscle doesn’t occur, what happen?

A

Component muscle fibres atrophy rapidly

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8
Q

Shapes and size of skeletal muscle cells and fibres

A

Long and cylindrical
Multinucleated
2-35cm long

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9
Q

Role of myofibril

A

Responsible for muscle contraction

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10
Q

Why is cross striation shown?

A

Due to arrangement of cytoplasmic myofilaments that constitute myofibrils

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11
Q

Arrangement of collagen fascicles within the tendon permit…

A

Passive transmitter of force from muscle to bone

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12
Q

Compare stiffness and tensile strength of muscle and tendon

A

Tendon is stiffer and greater tensile strength

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13
Q

Junction between muscles and tendons

A

myotendinous junction
(common site of injuries)

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14
Q

How does tendon CT is repaired?

A

Activation of fibroblasts, which synthesise CT fibres including collagen

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15
Q

Major movements of trunk

A

Flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation

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16
Q

Muscles in anterior and lateral abdominal wall

A

External oblique
Internal oblique
Rectus abdominis
Transversus abdominis

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17
Q

What muscles actively involved in increasing pressure of abdominal cavity?

A

External oblique
Internal oblique
Rectus abdominis
Transversus abdominis

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18
Q

Extensor of the back

A

Erector spinae

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19
Q

Role of linea alba

A

Type of connective tissue that separate left and right rectus abdominal muscles and site of incision

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20
Q

Flexor of trunk

A

External oblique
Internal oblique
Rectus abdominis

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21
Q

Lateral flexor of trunk

A

External oblique
Internal oblique
Latissimus dorsi
Erector spinae

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22
Q

Role of serratus anterior

A

Scapula protraction
Scapula lateral rotation

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23
Q

Role of pectoralis major

A

Shoulder medial rotation
Shoulder adduction
Shoulder flexion

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24
Q

Role of deltoid

A

Anterior head: shoulder flexion
All heads: shoulder abduction
Posterior head: shoulder extension, shoulder lateral rotation

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25
Q

Role of trapezius

A

Scapula elevation
Scapula depression
Scapula retraction
Scapula lateral rotation

26
Q

Role of latissimus dorsi

A

Shoulder extension
Shoulder adduction
Shoulder medial rotation

27
Q

Only muscle that cross shoulder joint?

A

Latissimus dorsi
(other muscles act at scapulothoracic joint)

28
Q

Origin and insertion of trapezius

A

O: Occipital and C7-T12 vertebra
I: spine of scapula and clavicle

29
Q

Muscles in anterior compartment of arm and their role

A

Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Main elbow flexor

30
Q

Most powerful elbow flexor

A

Brachialis

31
Q

Muscles of arm anterior that help shoulder movement

A

Biceps brachii (shoulder extension)

32
Q

Muscles involve in supination of flexed forearm

A

Biceps brachii

33
Q

Attachment of long head and short head of biceps brachii

A

Long: superaglenoid turbercle
Short: coracoid process

34
Q

Muscle at posterior compartment of arm and main role

A

Triceps brachii
Elbow extensor

35
Q

Small muscles located in the hand

A

Intrinsic muscle

36
Q

Muscles lie in the forearm and their tendons pass to hand

A

Extrinsic muscle

37
Q

Role of anterior compartment of extrinsic muscle

A

Wrist flexor

38
Q

Role of posterior compartment of extrinsic muscle

A

Wrist extensor
(extensor digitorium is synergist)

39
Q

Connective tissue that hold tendons at place

A

Retinaculum

40
Q

Name anterior compartment superficial muscles of forearm

A

Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi digitorium superficialis
Flexor carpi ulnas

41
Q

Name posterior compartment superficial muscles of forearm

A

Extensor digitorium
Extensor carpi radialis(longus, brevis)
Extensor carpi ulnaris

42
Q

Muscles of wrist abduction

A

Flexor carpi radialis
Extensor carpi radialis

43
Q

Muscles of wrist adduction

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris
Extensor carpi ulnaris

44
Q

Major flexor of hip joint

A

Iliopsoas (iliacus + psoas major)

45
Q

Role of gluteus Maximus

A

Extensor and lateral rotator of hip joint

46
Q

Where does gluteus Maximus joins to laterally?

A

Iliotibial tract

47
Q

Another name of medial compartment of thigh

A

Adductor compartment
(because muscles have common origin to pubis and act to adduct femur at hip joint)

48
Q

Anterior compartment of thigh

A

Quadriceps femoris

49
Q

Role of quadriceps femoris

A

Knee extensor

50
Q

One particular role of rectus femoris

A

Assist in hip flexion

51
Q

Posterior compartment of thigh

A

Hamstring ( 3 muscles)

52
Q

Where does hamstring muscles lie?

A

Ischium to tibia or fibula

53
Q

Role of hamstring

A

Knee flexor and hip extensor

54
Q

Muscles of anterior compartment of leg and its role

A

Tibialis anterior
For dorsiflexion (extensor)

55
Q

Muscles of posterior compartment of leg and its role

A

Soleus
Gastrocnemius
For Plantarflexion (flexion)

56
Q

Where does soleus and gastrocnemius join?

A

Achilles tendon, which attaches until calcaneus

57
Q

How do movements at trunk occur?

A

Compression between intervertebral discs and gliding movements of intervertebral facet joints

58
Q

Why anterior muscle wall of abdomen increases pressure?

A

For straining (empty bowel, bladder…)

59
Q

Why are upper limb muscles less bulky than lower limb?

A

Due to lack of weight bearing functions

60
Q

Why does rotational movement is impossible when knee is fully extended?

A

Most of the ligaments are taut

Year 1 (6 decks)

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