Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 1 > Anatomy FoM 2 > Flashcards

Anatomy FoM 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Inorganic salts of bones

A

60% calcium phosphate
Calcium/Magnesium carbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Role of bone cells

A

Maintain bone
Maintain homeostasis of blood calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is tendon and what is it made of?

A

Between muscle and bone
Made of parallel bundle of collagen fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Aponeurosis

A

Flattened tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Place of secondary cartilaginous joint

A
  • pubic symphysis
  • manubriosternal joint
  • Intervertebral disc
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Occipital condyles

A

Articulate with atlas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why vertebral column exhibits curvatures which change during development?

A
  • Weight of head
  • Upright posture
  • Height difference between anterior and posterior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Scoliosis

A

Abnormal lateral curvature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Kyphosis

A

Abnormal antero-posterior curvature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Vertebral foramen occupied by…

A

Spinal cord and meninges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Role of spinous process

A

Provides muscle and ligament attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Joint between superior and inferior articular process of vertebrae

A

Synovial plane joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mastoid process

A

Irregular bump below ear to provide muscle attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Foramen only in cervical

A

Foramen transversarium that accommodate vertebral artery and vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Atlantoaxial joint

A

rotation (pivot joint)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Atlantooccipital joint

A

Nod forward and backward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Laminae of sacrum incompletely fused

A

Spinal canal open to allow access for anaesthetists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Movement of vertebral column

A

Flexion (bow)
Extension
Lateral flexion
Rotation (only in atlas, axis, thoracic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cervical vertebrae is not palpable due to strong ligament …

A

Ligamentum nuchae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Palpable vertebral column

A

Vertebra prominens (C7)
Spinous process of T1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Thoracic inlet consisted of

A

First rib, manubrium, T1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Sternal angle

A

Lies at second costal cartilage
Palpable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

A

Another useful landmark of living anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Joints of clavicle

A

Sternoclavicular joint
Aromioclavicular joint
(both are synovial plane joint)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Scapula’s joint with thorax

A

Scapulothoracic joint by ligaments and muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Movement of scapula

A

Protraction
Retraction
Depression
Elevation
Rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Radiograph of scapula

A

Coracoid is more medial and inferior than acromion

28
Q

Why is surgical neck of humerus more common site for fractures?

A

Surgical neck is thinner than anatomical neck

29
Q

Elbow joint is made by articulation between

A

Trochlea and ulna
Capitulum and radius

30
Q

Radio-ulnar joint is involved in

A

Pronation/Supination
(no elbow joint)

31
Q

Type of joint of radio-ulnar joint

A

Synovial, pivot joint

32
Q

No. of carpal
No. of metacarpal
No. of phalanx

A

8
5
14

33
Q

Wrist joint articulation between

A

Radius, scaphoid, lunate, triquetral

34
Q

Movement possible at metacarphophalangeal joint
(except thumb)

A

Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Circumduction

35
Q

Movement possible at interphalangeal joint

A

Flexion
Extension

36
Q

Role of ischial tuberosities

A

Support body weight when sitting

37
Q

Tibia is …. bone

A

Weight-bearing

38
Q

Fibula only associated with…

A

Muscle attachment

39
Q

Strong CT membrane binding tibia and fibula along their length and acts as attachment site for muscles

A

Interosseous membrane

40
Q

Connective tissue functions

A

Support organs and tissues
Protection and defence
Energy storage
Thermoregulation
Medium of transport for oxygen and nutrients

41
Q

Cells of connective tissue derived from…

A

Mesenchymal cells from mesoderm layer

42
Q

Collagen and elastic fibres are eiosinophilic/basophilic

A

Both are eosinophilic

43
Q

Main constituent of ground substance

A

Glycosaminoglycan

44
Q

GAG covalently binds to…

A

Proteoglycan

45
Q

Role of proteoglycan

A

Binds to water and give gel-like consistency

46
Q

Role of glycoproteins in connective tissue

A

Binding sites for both CT fibres and adhere cells to ECM

47
Q

Cells of cartilage

A

Chondroblast and chondrocytes

48
Q

Cartilage is vascular/avascular

A

Avascular

49
Q

Consequence of cartilage being avascular

A

Low metabolic rate
Limited capacity for regeneration following trauma

50
Q

Type of cartilages

A

Hyaline
Fibrocartilage
Elastic cartilage

51
Q

Cells of bone

A

Osteoblast, osteocytes

52
Q

Role of inorganic compounds in bone

A

Give hardness and rigidity

53
Q

Role of organic compounds in bone

A

Give elasticity and flexibility

54
Q

Two types of bone tissue

A

Compact
Spongy (cancellous)

55
Q

Why adipocytes look empty under microscope?

A

Most staining method dissolve fat

56
Q

Two types of adipose tissue

A

Unilocular (white fat)
Multilocular (brown fat)

57
Q

Characteristics of RBC

A

Eosinophilic
Enucleated
Biconcave
Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
Black disc under EM
7 micrometer

58
Q

Characteristics of neutrophil

A

Lightly eosinophilic
3-5 lobed nucleus
12-14 micrometer
Primary phagocytic cell in acute inflammation

59
Q

Characteristics of lymphocytes

A

Large circular nucleus
No cytoplasmic granules
Basophilic

60
Q

Characteristics of monocyte

A

16-20 micrometer
Motile due to pseudopodia
Kidney-shaped nucleus
No cytoplasmic granules
Basophilic
Precursor of macrophage

61
Q

Characteristics of macrophage

A

When monocyte extravasate into CT
Phagocyte cellular debris, foreign materials, GAGs
Secrete cytokines
Present antigens (major source of IL-1)

62
Q

Characteristics of platelets

A

1.5-3.5 micrometer
Non-nucleated
For clot formation and wound plugs

63
Q

Characteristics of basophil

A

Basophilic
Bi-lobed
Granules of histamine and heparin
Present in blood
For inflammation, allergic response
Express IgE receptors on cell surface

64
Q

Characteristics of eosinophil

A

Eosinophilic
Bi-lobed
Defend against protozoan
Involve in allergic reaction
Many granules
12-17 micrometer

65
Q

Cylindrical unit in compact bone

A

Osteon

66
Q

Why does individual vertebrae permits only a limited degree of movement?

A

To prevent distortion of the spinal cord

Year 1 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions