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Anatomy > Anatomy Exam 2 Ch 10-14 > Flashcards

Anatomy Exam 2 Ch 10-14 Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of TMJ Muscles

A
  1. Axial – Functions of TMJ Muscles
    a. Masseter - chewing
    b. Temporalis – moving the lower jaw back and forth
    c. Lateral Pterygoid – Opens Jaw
    d. Medial Pterygoid – Closes Jaw
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2
Q

Function of the Facial Muscles

A

a. Frontalis
- Frontal belly - raises eyebrow
- Occipital belly - tenses and retracts scalp
b. Orbicularis Oculi - Closes Eyes
c. Orbicularis Oris - Compresses, purses lips
d. Calcaneal tendon. - The tendon on back of foot that you can palpate.
3. K

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3
Q

Superficial Boney Landmarks

A

a. Thyroid cartilage -
b. Cricoid cartilage - Small bony-like prominence below the Thyroid cartilage
c. Location of brachial plexus -levels for a plexus (network) of nerves
d. Acromiom - Lateral end of scapula. where clavicle ends.
e. Medial epicondyle - Inner elbow
f. Linea alba - Separates the abs in the medial line
g. Iliac crest
h. C7 - The most prominent spinous process (Bottom of neck)
i. Gluteal injection site (Gluteus medius is muscle in area) - Between top of crack and lateral side of buttocks.

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4
Q

Structures in Anterior Cervical Triangle

A
  • Palpitation of submandibular gland and lymph node
  • Carotid Palpitation
  • Hyoid bone
  • Thyroid cartilage
  • Jugular notch
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5
Q

Structures in Posterior Cervical Triangle

A
  • Location of Brachial Plexus
  • Clavicle
  • Acromium
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6
Q

Anatomical Position of forearms

A

Radial – Lateral side

Ulnar – Medial Side

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7
Q

Palpating Arteries

A
  • Brachial Artery - elbow
  • Radial Artery – thumb
    Lower Extremities
  • Popliteal Fossa - behind the knee
  • Dorsalis Pedis - on top of foot
  • Radial artery - on lateral side
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8
Q
  • Effectors or Effector Organ
A
  • Cell/Organ/Muscle that responds to stimuli and brings about a change
  • Skeletal Muscles – Skeletal Muscle Fibers
  • Visceral Effectors - Smooth Muscle, Cardiac Muscle, Glands, Adipose Tissue
  • Ie: Muscle contracts to move arm, muscle squeeze salivary
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9
Q

Glial Cells

A
  • PNS
  • Schwanns – forms myelin sheathes
  • Satellite Cells – support cell bodies
  • CNS
  • Oligodendrocytes – forms myelin sheaths
  • Astrocytes – forms blood brain barrier
    o Supplies neurons with nutrient/removes waste
    o Substrates for ATP
    o Maintains homeostasis in ECF (water and K+)
  • Microglia – eats, immune cell
  • Ependymal – Plasma goes through ependymal
    o Tweaks plasma to become CSF
    o Cilia to move
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10
Q

Where is Action Potential Generated?

A

Axon Hillock

Sodium Gated Channels found here also

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11
Q

Intereoceptors vs. Exteroceptors

A
  • Interoceptors – Monitor internal organ activity
     Ie: muscle spindle prevents overstretching
  • Exteroceptors – Provide info about the external environment
     Ie: Touch (hot stove), pressure, sound waves, smell
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12
Q
  • Proprioceptors
A

 Monitor position and movement

 Balance muscles that govern movement to smooth movement

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13
Q
  • Preganglionic
A

before ganglion

Preganglionic and pre-synaptic are synonymous but preganglionic specifically refers to if there is a ganglion is present.

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14
Q
  • Postganglionic
A

after ganglion

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15
Q

Nuclei vs. Ganglia

A
  • Nuclei – CNS group of cell bodies

- Ganglion – PNS group of cell bodies

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16
Q

Afferent Tracts vs. Efferent Tracts

A
  • Afferent Tracts – Sensory

- Efferent Tracts – Motor

17
Q

Chemical Synapse vs. Electrical Synapse

A

Electrical Synapse:

  • Transmits as electrical signal through Gap Junctions
  • Two-way transmissions
  • Faster than chemical synapse
  • Found in Retina, Olfactory Bulb, Cerebral Cortex, Lateral Vestibular Nucleus, Hippocampus

Chemical Synapse:

a. Non-Vesicular
b. Cell-to-cell junction – transmits through one direction
c. Transmits through neurotransmitters
e. Slower transmission
f. Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ)

18
Q

Ventral Root vs. Dorsal Root vs. Spinal Nerve

A
  • Dorsal Root carries sensory afferent (DRG)
  • Ventral Root carries motor efferent info
  • Spinal Nerve Exits through vertebral foramen
    i. Contains both motor and sensory
19
Q

CSF flow

A
  1. From Choroid Plexus made from Ependymal Cells
  2. To either 4 Ventricles (1 or 2) (3 to 4)
  3. Exits Subarachnoid Space
  4. Leaves into blood by the Arachnoid Villi
20
Q

Tracts vs. Columns

A

Tracts are myelinated axons found in columns in the white matter
Columns are segments in white matter of spinal cord

21
Q

Dorsal/Ventral/Lateral Horns

A
  • Visceral sensory neurons (organs like appendix)
  • Somatic sensory neurons (skin, muscle, joints)
    Ventral Horn
  • Somatic motor neurons
    Lateral Horn
  • Visceral motor neurons
  • Sympathetic (T1-L2)
  • Parasympathetic (S2-S4)
22
Q

white vs gray matter

A
  • White Matter
  • Inside of brain outside of spinal cord
  • Contain myelinated tracts
  • Gray Matter
    Outside of brain inside of spinal cord
    Contain neuronal cell bodies
23
Q

The Brachial Plexus (Really Tired Drink Coffee)

A 
23.	The Brachial Plexus (Really Tired Drink Coffee) 
C5 – T1
1.	Ventral Rami
2.	Trunks
3.	Divisions
4.	Cords
5.	Nerves
24
Q

Sciatic and Lateral Femoral Subcutaneous Nerve

A
  • Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve – Ventral Rami of L2 – L3
    Clinical: Meralgia Paresthetica
  • Sciatic Nerve – Ventral Rami L4 – S3
    Clinical: Sciatica
25
Q

Pathway of a Reflex Arc

A
  1. Pathway of a Reflex Arc
  2. Activation of sensory receptor
  3. Relay of info to CNS (integration center)
  4. Info processing
  5. Activation of motor neuron
  6. Response by the effector
26
Q

Deep Tendon Reflex

A
  1. Hammer strikes patellar ligament
  2. Stretches muscle spindles (receptors in belly of muscle)
  3. Reflex arc happens
  4. Thigh muscle contracts

Anatomy (8 decks)

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