Anatomy Chapter 1 - 4 Review Quiz 1

Question 1

Name the elements that make up 99% of the body

Answer 1

• Hydrogen 62%
• Oxygen 26%
• Carbon 10%
• Nitrogen 1.5%

Question 2

What are the regions of the abdominopelvic region?

Answer 2

Right Hypochondriac Region
Right Lumbar Region
Right Inguinal Region

Epigastric Region
Umbilical Region
Hypogastric Region

Left Hypochondriac Region
Left Lumbar Region
Left Inguinal Region

Question 3

What are the different anatomical planes?

Answer 3

• Sagittal – Parasagittal/Midsagittal
• Frontal/Coronal
• Transverse

Question 4

What are the phases of Mitosis?

Answer 4

1. Interphase
2. Prophase
3. Metaphase
4. Anaphase
5. Telophase
   + cytokinesis

Question 5

Gap Junctions

Answer 5

Communicating – embedded proteins allows diffusion of ions and molecules between two cells

Question 6

Tight Junctions

Answer 6

Occluding – Tightly bound membranes in lipid portions preventing movement of water.

Question 7

Desmosome

Answer 7

Anchoring – Strong adhesion between two cell membrane and their cytoskeleton, forming mechanical strength tissue – ie: skin cells

Question 8

Plasma membrane

Answer 8

semipermeable membrane made of phosphate and lipid

Question 9

Cytoplasm

Answer 9

watery medium in the cell called the cytoplasm

Question 10

Ribosomes

Answer 10

manufactures proteins

Question 11

Nucleus

Answer 11

Contains the DNA structure chromosomes

Question 12

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 12

folded membranes make proteins with ribosomes

Question 13

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 13

Synthesizes lipids and hormones

Question 14

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 14

Stores and packages proteins for secretion. And producing lysosomes and transporting lipds

Question 15

Lysosomes

Answer 15

breaks down worn out parts in cell

Question 16

Peroxisomes

Answer 16

breaks down fatty acids for membranes, and converting hydrogen peroxide to water

Question 17

What does Diploid and Haploid number of chromosomes mean?

Answer 17

• 23 Haploid Sex Cells

- 46 Diploid Somatic Cells

Question 18

What is Ionic Distribution? Which is more plentiful?

Answer 18

Ions have a concentration gradient across membrane.

potassium K+ is higher inside and at lower concentration outside the membrane. Na+ and Cl- is higher outside.

Question 19

What is a Lumen?

Answer 19

• The inside space of a cellular component

Question 20

What are the Apical and Basal Portion of an epithelial tissue?

Answer 20

• Apical – Top portion of the cell

- Basal – Bottom portion of the cell

Question 21

Simple Squamous

Answer 21

Location: blood and lymphatic vessels, air sacs of lungs, lining of the heart

Function: secretes lubricating substance, allows diffusion and filtration

Question 22

Simple Cuboidal

Answer 22

Location: secretory ducts of small glands, kidney tubules

Function: allows secretion and absorbtion

Question 23

Simple Columnar

Answer 23

Location: ciliated - bronchi, uterine tubes, uterus
Nonciliated - digestive tract, bladder

Function: allows absorbtion, secretes mucous and enzymes

Question 24

Stratified Squamous

Answer 24

Location: keratinized (skin); nonkeratinized – Lines the mucous

Function: protection (keratinized – waterproofing)

Question 25

Stratified Cuboidal

Answer 25

Location: rare – sweat glands Function: structural reinforcement

Question 26

Stratified Columnar

Answer 26

Location: ciliated – pharynx, epiglottis, salivary glands Nonciliated – Urethra Function: protection and secretion

Question 27

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar

Answer 27

Location: trachea, bronchi, nasal cavity (ciliated cells) Function: secretes mucus which is moved with cilia

Question 28

Transitional

Answer 28

Location: Urinary bladder, Renal pelvis, Ureters Function: allows to stretch and expand

Question 29

What is the difference between the exocrine and the endocrine gland?

Answer 29

- Exocrine – Gland secretes out into the epithelial tissue | - Endocrine – Gland secretes directly into the blood stream

Question 30

What cells are found in the Connective Tissue Proper?

Answer 30

Fixed Cells and Wandering Cells

Question 31

What are the fixed cells found in the Connective Tissue Proper?

Answer 31

``` Fibroblasts Fibrocytes Fixed Macrophages Adipocytes Mesenchymal Cells Melanocytes ```

Question 32

What are the wandering cells found in connective tissue proper

Answer 32

Free Macrophages Mast Cells Lymphocytes Neutrophils and eosinophils

Question 33

What cells are found in the Fluid Connective Tissues, Blood

Answer 33

Erythrocytes (red blood) Leukocytes (white blood) Platelets

Question 34

What cells are found in the Fluid Connective Tissues, Lymph?

Answer 34

Lymphocytes

Question 35

What cells are found in the Supporting Connective Tissues, Bone?

Answer 35

Osteocytes

Question 36

What cells are found in the Supporting Connective Tissues, Cartilage?

Answer 36

Chondocytes

Question 37

Serous Membrane

Answer 37

- Lines the body cavities, Parietal (walls), Visceral (organs) - Pleura – Lungs - Peritoneum – Stomach - Pericardium – Heart

Question 38

Mucous Membrane

Answer 38

- Epithelia and connective tissue form mucous membrane

Question 39

Synovial Membrane

Answer 39

- Lines the joint cavities

Question 40

What are the different types of muscles, how many nuclei does it contain, does it contract voluntarily or involuntarily, is it striated?

Answer 40

Skeletal Muscle – Multinucleated, voluntarily moves skeleton, striated Cardiac Muscle – One Nucleus, involuntary, striated Smooth Muscle – One Nucleus, Involuntary, non-striated

Question 41

What layers make up the Dermis?

Answer 41

Papillary Layer – nourishes and supports epidermis Reticular Layer – Attaches skin to deeper tissues, sensory receptors, blood vessels

Question 42

What are 5 layers that make up the Epidermis and what cells are found in it? (Basically Skin Grows Like Corn)

Answer 42

Stratum Basale -Epidermal stem cell, Melanocytes, Merkel Cells (touch) Stratum Spinosum -Keratinocytes (bound by desmosomes), Langerhans Cells (imm une resonse), Melanocytes Stratum Granulosum - Keratinocytes – (produce keratinhyalin), Lamellar Granules (lipid form between keratinocytes) Stratum Lucidum (glassy layer ONLY ON THICK SKIN) palms and soles Stratum Corneum Flattened sheets of keratinocytes, Dead Cells

Question 43

Mitochondria

Answer 43

powerhouse of ATP

Question 44

Centrioles

Answer 44

group of microtubules, organizes chromosomes during mitosis