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Anatomy > Anatomy Chapter 1 - 4 Review Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Anatomy Chapter 1 - 4 Review Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the elements that make up 99% of the body

A
  • Hydrogen 62%
  • Oxygen 26%
  • Carbon 10%
  • Nitrogen 1.5%
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2
Q

What are the regions of the abdominopelvic region?

A

Right Hypochondriac Region
Right Lumbar Region
Right Inguinal Region

Epigastric Region
Umbilical Region
Hypogastric Region

Left Hypochondriac Region
Left Lumbar Region
Left Inguinal Region

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3
Q

What are the different anatomical planes?

A
  • Sagittal – Parasagittal/Midsagittal
  • Frontal/Coronal
  • Transverse
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4
Q

What are the phases of Mitosis?

A
  1. Interphase
  2. Prophase
  3. Metaphase
  4. Anaphase
  5. Telophase
    + cytokinesis
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5
Q

Gap Junctions

A

Communicating – embedded proteins allows diffusion of ions and molecules between two cells

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6
Q

Tight Junctions

A

Occluding – Tightly bound membranes in lipid portions preventing movement of water.

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7
Q

Desmosome

A

Anchoring – Strong adhesion between two cell membrane and their cytoskeleton, forming mechanical strength tissue – ie: skin cells

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8
Q

Plasma membrane

A

semipermeable membrane made of phosphate and lipid

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9
Q

Cytoplasm

A

watery medium in the cell called the cytoplasm

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10
Q

Ribosomes

A

manufactures proteins

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11
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains the DNA structure chromosomes

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12
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

folded membranes make proteins with ribosomes

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13
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

Synthesizes lipids and hormones

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14
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Stores and packages proteins for secretion. And producing lysosomes and transporting lipds

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15
Q

Lysosomes

A

breaks down worn out parts in cell

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16
Q

Peroxisomes

A

breaks down fatty acids for membranes, and converting hydrogen peroxide to water

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17
Q

What does Diploid and Haploid number of chromosomes mean?

A
  • 23 Haploid Sex Cells

- 46 Diploid Somatic Cells

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18
Q

What is Ionic Distribution? Which is more plentiful?

A

Ions have a concentration gradient across membrane.

potassium K+ is higher inside and at lower concentration outside the membrane. Na+ and Cl- is higher outside.

19
Q

What is a Lumen?

A
  • The inside space of a cellular component
20
Q

What are the Apical and Basal Portion of an epithelial tissue?

A
  • Apical – Top portion of the cell

- Basal – Bottom portion of the cell

21
Q

Simple Squamous

A

Location: blood and lymphatic vessels, air sacs of lungs, lining of the heart

Function: secretes lubricating substance, allows diffusion and filtration

22
Q

Simple Cuboidal

A

Location: secretory ducts of small glands, kidney tubules

Function: allows secretion and absorbtion

23
Q

Simple Columnar

A

Location: ciliated - bronchi, uterine tubes, uterus
Nonciliated - digestive tract, bladder

Function: allows absorbtion, secretes mucous and enzymes

24
Q

Stratified Squamous

A

Location: keratinized (skin); nonkeratinized – Lines the mucous

Function: protection (keratinized – waterproofing)

25
Q

Stratified Cuboidal

A

Location: rare – sweat glands

Function: structural reinforcement

26
Q

Stratified Columnar

A

Location: ciliated – pharynx, epiglottis, salivary glands
Nonciliated – Urethra

Function: protection and secretion

27
Q

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar

A

Location: trachea, bronchi, nasal cavity (ciliated cells)

Function: secretes mucus which is moved with cilia

28
Q

Transitional

A

Location: Urinary bladder, Renal pelvis, Ureters

Function: allows to stretch and expand

29
Q

What is the difference between the exocrine and the endocrine gland?

A
  • Exocrine – Gland secretes out into the epithelial tissue

- Endocrine – Gland secretes directly into the blood stream

30
Q

What cells are found in the Connective Tissue Proper?

A

Fixed Cells and Wandering Cells

31
Q

What are the fixed cells found in the Connective Tissue Proper?

A 
Fibroblasts 
Fibrocytes 
Fixed Macrophages 
Adipocytes
Mesenchymal Cells 
Melanocytes
32
Q

What are the wandering cells found in connective tissue proper

A

Free Macrophages
Mast Cells
Lymphocytes
Neutrophils and eosinophils

33
Q

What cells are found in the Fluid Connective Tissues, Blood

A

Erythrocytes (red blood)
Leukocytes (white blood)
Platelets

34
Q

What cells are found in the Fluid Connective Tissues, Lymph?

A

Lymphocytes

35
Q

What cells are found in the Supporting Connective Tissues, Bone?

A

Osteocytes

36
Q

What cells are found in the Supporting Connective Tissues, Cartilage?

A

Chondocytes

37
Q

Serous Membrane

A
  • Lines the body cavities, Parietal (walls), Visceral (organs)
  • Pleura – Lungs
  • Peritoneum – Stomach
  • Pericardium – Heart
38
Q

Mucous Membrane

A
  • Epithelia and connective tissue form mucous membrane
39
Q

Synovial Membrane

A
  • Lines the joint cavities
40
Q

What are the different types of muscles, how many nuclei does it contain, does it contract voluntarily or involuntarily, is it striated?

A

Skeletal Muscle – Multinucleated, voluntarily moves skeleton, striated

Cardiac Muscle – One Nucleus, involuntary, striated

Smooth Muscle – One Nucleus, Involuntary, non-striated

41
Q

What layers make up the Dermis?

A

Papillary Layer – nourishes and supports epidermis

Reticular Layer – Attaches skin to deeper tissues, sensory receptors, blood vessels

42
Q

What are 5 layers that make up the Epidermis and what cells are found in it?

(Basically Skin Grows Like Corn)

A

Stratum Basale
-Epidermal stem cell, Melanocytes, Merkel Cells (touch)

Stratum Spinosum
-Keratinocytes (bound by desmosomes), Langerhans Cells (imm une resonse), Melanocytes

Stratum Granulosum
- Keratinocytes – (produce keratinhyalin), Lamellar Granules (lipid form between keratinocytes)

Stratum Lucidum
(glassy layer ONLY ON THICK SKIN) palms and soles

Stratum Corneum
Flattened sheets of keratinocytes, Dead Cells

43
Q

Mitochondria

A

powerhouse of ATP

44
Q

Centrioles

A

group of microtubules, organizes chromosomes during mitosis

Anatomy (8 decks)

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