ANATOMY EXAM Flashcards
1
Q
WHATS THE STUDY OF THE SKIN
A
DERMATOLOGY
2
Q
SKINS OTHER NAMES
A
CUTANEOUS MEMBRANE
3
Q
LARGEST ORGAN IN BODY
A
SKIN/ CUTANEOUS MEMBRANE
4
Q
SUPERFICIAL, THINNER PORTION COMPOSED OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE
A
EPIDERMIS
5
Q
LAYERS OF EPIDERMIS
A
STRATUM CORNEUM, STRATUM LUCIDUM ( IN THICK SKIN), STRATUM GRANULSOUM, STRATUM SPINOSUM, STRATUM BASLSE
6
Q
DEEPER, THICKER CONNECTIVE TISSUE, COMPOSED OF IRREGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE, ELASTIC AND RECOIL
A
DERMIS
7
Q
COLLAGEN FIBERS, ELASTIC FIBERS, CONTAINS CAPPILARY LOOPS, DERMAL PAPILLAE CONTAINING FREE NERVES
A
PAPILLARY DERMIS
8
Q
ATTACHED TO THE SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, CONTAINING BUNDLES OF THICK COLLAGEN FIBERS
A
RETICULAR DERMIS
9
Q
SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE DEEP TO THE DERMIS
A
HYPODERMIS
10
Q
ELEVATION SOF PALMS,FEET AND STRAIGHT LINES OT PATTERNS OF LOOPS
A
EPIDERMAL RIDGES (FINGERPRINTS)
11
Q
EXTENSIONS OF THE EPIDERMIS THAT PROJECT INTO DERMIS BETWEEN PAPILLAE
A
EPIDERMAL PEGS
12
Q
FUNCTION OF INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
A
REGULATES BODY TEMP.
STORES BLOOD,
PROTECTS BODY FROM EXTERNAL ENVIROMENT ,
DETECTS CUTANEOUS SENSATION,
EXCRETES AND ABSORBS SUBSTANCES, SYNTHESIZES VITAMIN D
13
Q
KERATINZATION
A
NEW CELLS OF KERATIN PUSHED FROM STRATUM BASLE TO STRATUM CORNEUM
NUTREINTS PASSED UP THOUGH STARTUMS
14
Q
PSORIASIS
A
COMMON AND CHRONIC SKIN DISORDER IN WHICH KERATINOCYTES DIVIDE MORE AND MORE RESLUTING FLAKEY, SLIVERLY SCALE SKIN
15
Q
STRIAE
A
STRETCH MARKS
16
Q
CREATES SKIN COLOUR
A
MELANIN
17
Q
CAROTENE
A
YELLOW-ORANGE PIGMENT
18
Q
PARTS OF HAIR
A
HAIR SHAFT, HAIR ROOT, MEDULLA, CORTEX, CUTICLE, HAIR FOLLICLE, HAIR BULB, PAPILLA OF THE HAIR
19
Q
HAIR GROWTH STAGES
A
ONE: GRWOTH STAGE
TWO: REGESSION STAGE
THREE: RESTING STAGE
20
Q
LANUGO
A
COVERS HAIR AS BABY
21
Q
TERMINAL HAIR
A
HEAVILY PIGMENTED HAIR
22
Q
VELLUS HAIR
A
PEACH FUZZ
23
Q
HAIR COLOUR
A
CAUSE BY MELINAN SYNTHESIZED BY MELANOCYTES
24
Q
SKELETON SYSTEM FUNCTION
A
SUPPORT, PROTECTION, MOVEMENT, MINERALS IN HOMEOSTASIS, BLOOD CELL PRODUCTION, TRIGLYCERIDE STORAGE
25
BODY OF BONE
DIAPHYSIS
26
ENDS OF BONE
EPIPHYSES
27
GROWTH PLATE
METAPHYSES
28
THIN LAYER COVERING WHERE BONE FORM JOINTS
ARTICULAR CARTILAGE
29
CONNECTIVE TISSUE ASSOCIATED WITH BLOOD SUPPLY
PERIOSTEUM
30
HOLLOW CAVITY IN THE MIDDLE OF THE BONE
MEDULLARY CAVITY
31
ENDOSYEUM
thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity
32
SEBACEOUS GALNDS
OIL GLAND
CONNECTS TO HAIR
33
SUDORIFEROUS GLAND
SWEAT GLANDS, HELP WITH THERMOREGULATIONS
34
ECCRINE SWEAT GLAND
DONT SMELL
35
APOCRINE SWEAT GLAND
SMELLY
36
BONE TISSUE
ABUNDANT EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX THAT SURROUNDS WIDELY SEPARATED CELLS
37
OSTEOPROGENTIOR CELLS
BONE STEM CELLS
38
OSTEOBLASTS
BUILDING BONE CELLS
39
OSTEOCYTES
MATURE BONE CELL
40
OSTEOCLASTS
DESTROYS BONE CELL
41
COMPACT BONES
STRONG BONE TISSUE, PROTECTION AND SUPPORT
42
SPONGY BONE
AIR HOLES, NO OSTEONS, INSIDE BONE
43
BLOOD AND NERVE SUPPLY
LONG BONE SUPPLIED BY PERIOSTEAL, METAPHYSEAL, EPEPHYSEAL ARTIRES
44
BONE FORMATIONS
DEVELOP DURING SIX AND SEVENTH WEEK OF BEING A BABY
45
OPEN FRACTURE
BONE BREAKS SKIN
46
GREENSTICK FRACTURE
ONE SIDE OF BONE IS BROKEN
47
COMMINUTED
BONE PEICES INBETWEEN MAIN BREAK
48
STRESS
NO INGURY CAUSED IT
49
POTT
FRACTURE IN DISTAL END OF FOOT
50
COLLES
FRACTURE IN DISTAL END OF ARM
51
FRACTURE REPAIRS
INVOLVES FORMING HEMATOME DURING THE REACTIVE PHASE
52
BONE ROLE IN CALCUIM HOMESTASIS
RESERVE CALCIUM, PARATHYROID RELEASES IN BLOOD INCREASES CALCUIM LEVELS
53
APPENDICULAR SKELETON
UPPER AND LOWER LIMBS, PELVIS, SHOULDERS
54
AXIAL SKELETON
SKULL, VERTEBRAE, RIBS
55
TYPES OF BONES
LONG BONES, SHORT BONES, IRREGULAR, FLAT, SESAMOID, SUTURAL
56
HOW MANY BONES IN SKULL
22
57
FORMS FOREHEAD AND ROOFS OF THE ORBITS
FRONTAL
58
FORMS SIDE OF HEAD, ROOF OF CRANIAL
PARIENTALS
59
SIDES OF HEAD, BASE OF HEAD
TEMPORAL
60
BASE OF SKULL
OCCITICAL
61
BUTTERFLY SHAPED, BEHIND ETHMOID BONE
SPHENOID
62
INFRONT OF SPHENOID, BEHIND NOSE
ETHMOID
63
BRIDGE OF THE NOSE
NASAL
64
CONNECTED TO TOP OF TEETH
MAXILLAE
65
CHEEK BONES
ZYGOMATIC
66
LACRIMAL
TEAR DROPS
67
BACK AND FLOOR OF NASAL CAVITY
PALATINE
68
SEPARATES BOTH SIDE OF NASAL CAVITY
VOMER
69
CONNECT BOTTOM TEETH
MANDIBLE
70
NASAL SEPTUMS CONSIST OF
VOMER, ETHMOID, NASAL CARTILAGE
71
FORAMINA OF SKULL PROVIDES
NERVES AND BLOOD VESSELS
72
HYOID BONES
SHAPED LIKE U, SUPPORTS TOUNGE, ATTACHES TOUNGE MUSCLES
73
C-1
ATLAS
74
C-2
AXIS
75
AMOUNT OF TRUE RIBS
7
76
AMOUNT OF FALSE RIBS
3
77
AMOUNT OF FLOATING RIBS
2
78
FEET AMOUNT OF BONES
26
BIGGEST CALCANEOUS
79
SYNOVIAL JOINTS
FLUID-FILLED SPACE BETWEEN BONE CALLED ARTICULAR CAVITY
80
PLANE JOINT
FLAT SURFACES GLIDE BACK AND FORTH
81
HINGE JOINT
CONVEX SURFACE OF ONE FIT INTO ANOTHER BONE
82
SADDLE
ONE SHAPE LIKE SADDLE OTHER BONE FIT THE SADDLE
83
ELLIPSOID-CONDYLE
OVAL PROJECTION OF THE BONE FITS IN A OVAL IN OVAL CAVITY
84
BALL AND SOCKET
BALL SHAPE FIT INTO OTHER BONE
85
CONDYLE BETWEEN MANDIBLE AND MANDIBLUAR FOSSA AND ARTICULAR TUBERCLE
TEMPOROMANDIBULAR
86
HUMERUS AN DGLENOID CAVITY OF SCAPULA
GLENOHUMERAL JOINT
87
MUSCLE SYSTEM FUNCTION
BODY MOVEMENT, STABILIZING BODY POSITIONS , MOVING SUBSTANCES WITHIN BODY, REGULATING ORGAN FUNCTION, PRODUCING HEAT
88
ATTACHES TO BONES AND IS VOLUNTARY, SUBCUTANEOUS SEPARATES MUSCLE AND SKIN,
SKELETON MUSCLE
89
IN HEART, INVOLUNTARY
CARDIAC
90
MAKES UP ORGANS
SMOOTH
91
CREATINE
MAKES ENERGY, CARRIES PHOSPHATE
92
GLUSOCE
MAKES ENERGY
93
CONCENTRIC CONTACTION
SHORTENS MUSCLE
94
ISOMETRIC CONTRACTIONS
LENGHTS MUSCLE
95
WAVE SUMMATION
INCREASING THE STRENGHT OF CONCRATION OCCURS WHEN MUSCLE HAS BEEN RELAXED FOLLOWING PERVIOUS STIMULI
96
CONSIST OF BRAIN AND SPINE
CNS
97
EVERYTHING OUT SIDE OF CNS
PNS
98
SENDS SIGNALS TO BRAIN
AFFERENT
99
SENDS SIGNALS BACK TO BODY
EFFERENT
100
HELPS MAINTAIN HOMESTASIS AND INTEGRATES ALL BODY ACTIVITIES BY SENSIGN CHANGING
NERVOUS SYSTEM
101
RESPONSABLIE FOR FUNCTIONS OF NERVOUS SYSTEM, SENSING, THICKENING, REMEBERING, CONTROLLING
NEURONS
102
GULE FOR NERVOUS CELLS
NEUROGILA
103
COMMUNICATE WITH ONE ANOTHER USING GRADED POTENTIALS, SHORT-DISTANCE COMMUNICATION
NEURONS
104
SMALL DEVIATIONS FROM THE RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL THAT OCCURS BECAUSE LIGAND-GATED OR MECHANICALLY GATED CHANNELS OPEN OR CLOSED
GRADED POTENTIALS
105
FUNCTIONAL JUNCTION BETWEEN ONE NEURONS AND ANOTHER
SYNPASE
106
ELECTRICAL SYNAPSE
USE GAP JUNTION
107
CHEMICAL SYNPASE
SYNAPSE CLEFT
108
NUEROTRANSMITTER BINDING SITE AND ION CHANNEL
IONOTROPIC RECEPTORS
109
NEURONTRANSMITTER BONDING SITE AND IS COUPLED TO A SEPARATE ION CHANNELS BY A G PROTEIN
METABOTROPIC RECEPTOR
110
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ORGANIZED INTO NETWORKS CALLED
NEURAL CIRCUITS
111
THREE MENINGES COVERING THE SPINAL CORD
DURA MATER ,ARACHNOID MATER, PIA MATER
112
CRANIAL NERVES
8
113
THORAIC NERVES
12
114
LUMAR NERVES
5
115
SACRAL
5
116
COCCEXGEAL
1
117
SPINAL CORD TRAVELS THROUGH
VERTEBRAL CANAL
118
POSTERIOR ROOT OF SPINAL NERVE IS
SENSORY
119
ANTERIOE ROOT OF SPINAL NERVE IS
MOTOR
120
FROMED BY ROOTS OF FOUR FIRST CRANIAL NERVES
CERVICAL PLEXUS
121
ROOTS OF C5-C8 AND T1, SUPPLIES THE UPPER LIMBS
BRACHIAL PLEXUS
122
ROOTS OF SPINAL NERVES L1-L4, GENITALS AND LOWER LIMBS
LUMBAR PLEXUS
123
L1-S5, SUPPLY COCCYGEAL AREA
SACRAL AND COCCYGEALPLEXUS
124
SENSORY RECEPTORS, SENSORY NERVES, INTEGRATING CENTER, MOTOR NEURONS, EFFECTOR
REFLECT ARCH
125
SPINAL MENINGES
DURA, ARACNORD, PIA
126
SKELETON MUSCLE, SUBDIVISON OF PNS, ALL NERVES EXPECT SPINE AND BRAIN, VOLUNTARY
SOMATIC SYSTEM
127
INVOLUNTARY, SPINE AND BRAIN, SMOOTH MUSCLE, CARDIAC MSUCLE
AUTONOMIC SYSTEM
128
REST AND DIGEST
PARASYMPATHETIC
129
FIGHT OR FLIGHT, FREEZE
SYMPATHETIC
130
TOUCH, PRESSURE, VIBRATION
TACTILE NERVES
131
HOT AND COLD
THERMALRECEPTORS
132
PAIN
NOCICEPTORS
133
IN ORGANS
PROPRIOCEPTORS
134
SECERTS PRODUCT INTO DUCTS OF BODY, ORGANS
EXOCRINE GLAND
135
SECERTS PRODUCT DIRECTLY INTO INTERSTITAL FLUID SURROUNDING CELL
ENDOCRINE GLANDS
136
HOROMES TRAVEL THROUGH BLOOD STREAM TO EFFECT ONE CELL, ACHIEVED BY PROTEIN RECEPTORS
TARGET CELLS
137
INFLUENCES THEIR TARGET CELLS BY CHEMICALLY BINDING TO THESE SPECIFIC PROTEINS RECEPTORS
RECEPTOR BINDING
138
HAVE BETWEEN 2000-100,000 RECEPTORS FOR A PARTICULAR HORMONE
RECEPTOR QUANLITY
139
NUMBER OF RECEPTORS ON THE TARGET CELL MAY DECREASE
DOWN-REUGLATOR
140
INCREASE NUMBER OF RECEPTORS
UP-REGULATION
141
SECERT SPECIFIC CELL PASS INTO INTERSTITIAL FLUID TO ENTER BLOODSTREAM
CIRCULATING HORMONE
142
PRODUCED BY NERVE GLAND, CONNECTS TO NERVE GLAND
LOCAL HORMONE
143
HORMONE TAKES A SECOND TO HAVE AN EFFECT
PERMISSIVE EFFECT
144
WHEN THE EFFECT OF TWO HORMONES ACT TOGETHER IS GREATER THEN IF ONE WAS ACTING
SYNERGISTIC EFFECT
145
REGULATING BY SIGNALS FROM NERVOUS SYSTEM, CHEMICAL IN BLOOD, INFLUENCE OF OTHER HORMONES
CONTROL OF HORMONE SECERTION
146
THE MAJOUR INTERGRATING LINK BETWEEN NERVOUS AND ENDCRINE SYSTEM
HYPOTHALMUS
147
SECERTS HOROMNES IN RESPONSE TO HYPOTHALAMIC RELEASING HROOMNES SECERTED BY NEUROSECETORY CELL
CONTROL OF THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND
148
LOCATED INFERIOR TO THE LARYNX, hGH AND ISULINE HELPS THE BODY GROW,
THYROID GLAND
149
CALCITIONIN
SECERTS WHEN CALCUIM LEVELS ARE HIGH
150
SMALL ROUND MASSES OF TISSUE ATTCHED TO THE BACK OF THE THYROID GLAND
PARATHYROID GLAND
151
REGULATES TH CONCENTRATION OF NA AND K IN BLOOD
ADERNAL GLAND
152
SMALL ENDOCRINE GLAND ATTACHE TO ROOF OF THRID VENTRICLE
PINEAL GLAND
153
LOCATED BETWEEN LUNGS AND PRODUCES HORMONES RELATED TO IMMUNITY
THYMUS GLANDS
154
STRESS RESPONSE
THREE STAGES, ALARM REACTION, RESISTANCE REACTION, EXHAUSTION
155
ALARM RESPONE OTHER NAME
FIGHT OR FLIGHT
156
INITIATED BY SECERTING HORMONES BY THE HYPOTHALAMUS
RESISTANCE REACTION
157
RESULT WHEN OTHER TWO STAGES ARE OVER
RESTING STAGE
158
TRANSPORTATION, REGULATING BODY PH, REGULATING TEMP., PROVIDES PROETCION THROUGH ITS CLOTTING MECHANIAM AND IMMUNE
BLOOD FUNCTION
159
WHOLE BLOOD IS
8%
160
BLOOD PLASMA IS
55%
161
BI-CONCAVE DISCS, MATURE RBC LACK NUCLEUS, PROTEIN MAKING, LIFE SPAN 120
RBC
162
4 POLYPEPTIDE CHAINS, IRON CONTAINING HEME CENTER
HEMOGLOBIN
163
CAUSES KIDNEY TO RELEASE HOROMNES WHICH ACT ON RED BONE MARROW TO PRODUCE RED BLOOD CELLS
ERYTHROPOIESIS
164
LEUKOCYTES
WHITE BLOOD CELLS
165
UNDER 10,000/MM
INDICATES INFECTION
166
OVER 5,000
SEVER DISEASE
167
HEMOPOIETIC STERM CELLS DIFFERENTIATE INTO PLATELETS,
PLATELETS
168
HOMEOSTATSIS
STOPS BLEEDING, USES VASCULAR SPASM, FORMATION OF PLATELET PLIG, BLOOD CLOTTING
169
DISSOLVES SMALL, INAPPROPRIATE CLOTS
FIBRINOLYSIS
170
CLOTTING IN AN UNBROKEN BLOOD VESSEL IS CALLED THROMBOSIS
INTERVASCULAR CLOTTING
171
PROCESS OF TRANSFERING BLOOD OR BLOOD PRDUCTS
BLOOD TRANSFUSION
172
PLASMA WITHOUT CLOTTING FACTORS, STABLE ROOM TEMP
SERUM
173
SAME ANTIGENS AND ANTIBODIES ARE MIXED TOGETHER THEY WILL BOND THE ANTIBODIES WILL LINK THE RED BLOOD CELLS TOGETHER
AGGLUTINATION
174
FOUND SURFACE OF RED BLOOD CELLS, ANTIGEN ARE CALLED RN POSITIVE
RN FACTORS
175
RUNS DOWN THE FRONT OF THE SPINE
ANTERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT
176
RUNS DOWN BACK THE BAKC OF THE SPINE
POSTERIORNLOGITUDINAL LIGAMENT
177
FOUND BETWEEN THE TRANSVERSE PROCESSES OF EACH VERTEBRA
INTERTRANSVERSE LIGAMENT
178
HOLDS HEAD UP
NUCHAL LIGAMENT
179
ALLOWS FOR BENDING OVER
LIGAMENTUM FLAVUM
180
OUTTER MOST NERVE COVERIGN
EPINEURIUM
181
INNER MOST LAYER COVERING NERVE
ENDONEURIUM
182
WRAPPED AROUNDS A BUNDLE
PERINEURIUM
183
OCCURS WHEN SPINAL CORD GRAY MATTER INTEGRATES
SPINAL REFLECT
184
INTEGRATES IN THE BRAINSTEM RATHER THEN SPINAL CORD
CRANIAL REFLECT
185
MID-LAYER OF THE EYE
VASCULAR LAYER
186
INNER LAYER OF EYE
RETINA
187
BEHIND THE PUPIL
LENS
188
COLLECTS SOUND WAVES,
ENTERNAL EAR
189
CURVED OUTIDE OF THE EYE
EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS
190
COVERED BY EPDERMIS
TYNPANIC MEMBRANE/EARDRUM
191
MALLEUS, INCUS AND STAPES, COCHLEAR
MIDDLE EAR
192
LABYRINTH, CANALS, ENDOLYMOH- EQUILIBRIUM, VESTIBULE, COCHLEA
INTERNAL INNER EAR
193
SOUNDS WAVES ENTER ACOUSTIC MEATUS, TYMPANIC MEMBRANE VIBRATES IN RESPONSE, SENDS VIBRATION TO MALLUS, INCUS, STAPES,, STAPES MOVES AT THE OVAL SHAPED, PRESSURE WAVES TRAVEL CAUSING COCHLEAR WINDOW TO BULGE, PUSHING THE VESTIBULAR MEMBRANE, PRESSURE WAVES IN THE ENDOLYMPH AND MOVING HAIR CELLS OF SPIRAL ORGAN AGIANT THE TECTORIAL MEMBRANE
HEARING PROCESS
