Anatomy 2 Flashcards
1
Q
the heart weight
A
350g
2
Q
heart size
A
closed fist
3
Q
number of heart beats a day
A
10,000 plus
4
Q
hearts functions (TRI)
A
- transports=water,gases, proteins, hormones
- regulates=temp.
- immune system
5
Q
location of heart
A
- middle mediastinum, 2/3 of heart is left of middle, base is tipped medially and posteriorly, apex of heart is inferiorly and laterally
6
Q
pericardium function
A
- protects, maintain heart position
7
Q
layers of pericardium
A
- tough outer fibrous pericardium= dense, non-flexible CT
- delicate inner serous pericardium= serous membrane
- serous pericardium subdivisions= partial and visceral
- parietal pericardium adheres= outer fibrous layer
- visceral pericardium is= outer wall of heart
8
Q
cavity is…
A
between visceral and paretial pericardium
9
Q
cavity is filled with..
A
pericardial fluid
10
Q
heart wall layers…
A
- epicardium
- myocardium
-endocardium
11
Q
epicardium
A
visceral layer of serous pericadium tissue
thin, transparent
12
Q
myocardium
A
thick, cardiac muscle
13
Q
endocardium
A
simple squamous epithelium
14
Q
two types of heart chambers…
A
atria
ventricles
15
Q
atria
A
superior, weak, pump to ventricles, myocardial
- thin because they deliver to ventricles
16
Q
ventricles
A
inferior, strong, pump to pulomary (right) and systemic (left) circuits, myocardium
- thick because they push blood greater distance
17
Q
right side of heart is
A
deoxygenated, takes from systemic from body, gives to pulmonary to lungs
18
Q
left side of heat is…
A
oxygenated, takes from pulmonary/lungs, gives to systemic/body
19
Q
arteries
A
carry from hearts, thick, oxygenated (expect pulmonary), high pressure, friction forces
20
Q
veins
A
to heart, thin, deoxygenated, low pressure, minimal friction forces
21
Q
heart valves
A
- pressure gradient for blood flow (high to low pressure)
- operates the valves of heart (flow of blood in response to difference in pressure)
22
Q
tricuspid valve (AV)
A
23
Q
biscuspid valve (AV)
A
24
Q
pulmonary valve (semilunar)
A
25
aortic valve (semilunar)
26
oxygenated vessels
aorta and pulmonary veins
27
deoxygentated vessels
vena cava and pulmonary arteries
28
right ventricle vs left ventricle
right- thinner pump to lungs which is closer, little resistance
left- thicker because they pump throughout the body, greater resistance
29
fibrous skeleton of heart
- fundation for heart valves to attach, acts as insertion for cardiac muscle
- prevents overstretching when blood passes through
- at as an eletrical insulator prevents spread of action potentials
30
pulmonary powered by...
right ventricle
31
pulmonary leaves through...
pulmonary artery
32
pulmonary returns through...
pulmonary veins
33
pulmonary return to the...
left arium
34
systemic powered by...
left ventricle
35
systemic leaves through...
aorta
36
systemic returns through the...
vena cava
37
systemic return through the...
right atrium
38
coronary vessels
source of nutrients for myocardium... blood flowing through coronary circulation
39
coronary perfusion pressure-during systole
coronary vessels are compressed and flow dreases
blood flows into aorta from left ventricle
40
coronary perfusion pressure- during diastole
coronary vessels are uncompressed
increased aortic pressure increases coronary blood flow
41
coronary perfusion pressure- during tachycardiac
duration of diastole decreases which decreases the coronary blood flow and can lead to ischemia
42
ischemia
condition where blood flow is reduced or restricted to a part of the body
43
autorhymic cells- pacemakers
membrane potential of autorhymic cells never rest at a constant value
they repeat generate action potentials by spontaneously depolarizing to threshold- THE PEACEMAKER POTENTIAL
CELLS ACT AS A PACEMAKER TO SET RHYTHM FOR THE ENTIRE HEART
44
ANS innervation
location of parasympathetic fibers
parasympathetic response-decrease heart rate response
45
ATP production in cardiac muscle
cardiac muscle relies on aerobic cellular respiration for atp
cardiac muscle also produces some atp from creatine phosphate
presence of creatine kinase in the blood indicates injury of cardiac muscle usually vaused by a myocardial infraction
46
electrocardiogram
-ECG- recording of electrical changes on the surface of the body resulting from depolarization and repolarization of the myocardium
-measured by placing electrodes on the skin
- sum of all the electrical activity of the heart
47
ecg p-qrs-t sequence
- p-q interval of electrocardiumgram time if take for atrail kick to fill ventricles
-s-t segments of elctrocardiogram- time for ventricle to empty before repolarizing
48
cardiac cycle
- everythine asociated with one heartbeat
49
diastole
relaxtion pahse of cardiac cycle
50
systole
contraction phase of cardiac cycle
51
cardiac reserve
ratio between the maximum cardiac output a person can axhieve and the cardiac out put at rest
52
regulation of stroke volume
preload:effect of stretching, frank-starling law of the heart= greater preload (stretch) on cardiac fibers just before the contact increaes their force of contection during systole
53
myocardial contractilily
strength of contaction at any given preload, affected by postive and negative inotropic agent
54
the largest blood vessel in the body that originates at the left ventricle
aorta
55
the inner most linning of the heart
endocardium
56
blood vessel that transports blood away from heart
artery
57
innervates the ventricles
purkinje fibers
58
conective tissue structures that help anroch the av valves
chordae tendineae
59
pacemaker cells of the heart
SA-sinoatrail node
60
contraction phase of the heart
systole
61
valve found on the left side of artia and ventricles
biscuspid valve or mitral valve
62
valve found in the right side between aitria and ventricles
tricuspid valve
63
electrical event repersenting the depolarization of the atria
p wave
64
large vein that drains blood into the right atria
inferior vena cava
65
each complete heart beat includes ontracttion, relaxation of ventricle and artia
complete cardiac cycle
66
valves that separt the atrias and ventricles from one another
av- atrioventricular valves
67
membrane that surrounds the heart
pericardium
68
relation pahse of the heart
diastole
69
blood flow is altered and distributed and ends with regulating blood pressure
hemodynamics
70
inner lining of blood vessels, makes direct contact with blood, made of endothelium
tunica interna
71
regulates diameter of vessel, made of smooth muscle, second layer of blood vessel
tunica media
72
helps anchor vessel to surrounding tissue, , elastic and collagen fibers
tunica externa
73
large, thin compared to overall size store and transmit mechanical energy, ex.aorta
elastic arteries- conducting
74
