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NURSING SCHOOL YEAR ONE > Anatomy 2 > Flashcards

Anatomy 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

the heart weight

A

350g

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2
Q

heart size

A

closed fist

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3
Q

number of heart beats a day

A

10,000 plus

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4
Q

hearts functions (TRI)

A
  • transports=water,gases, proteins, hormones
  • regulates=temp.
  • immune system
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5
Q

location of heart

A
  • middle mediastinum, 2/3 of heart is left of middle, base is tipped medially and posteriorly, apex of heart is inferiorly and laterally
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6
Q

pericardium function

A
  • protects, maintain heart position
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7
Q

layers of pericardium

A
  • tough outer fibrous pericardium= dense, non-flexible CT
  • delicate inner serous pericardium= serous membrane
  • serous pericardium subdivisions= partial and visceral
  • parietal pericardium adheres= outer fibrous layer
  • visceral pericardium is= outer wall of heart
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8
Q

cavity is…

A

between visceral and paretial pericardium

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9
Q

cavity is filled with..

A

pericardial fluid

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10
Q

heart wall layers…

A
  • epicardium
  • myocardium
    -endocardium
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11
Q

epicardium

A

visceral layer of serous pericadium tissue

thin, transparent

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12
Q

myocardium

A

thick, cardiac muscle

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13
Q

endocardium

A

simple squamous epithelium

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14
Q

two types of heart chambers…

A

atria
ventricles

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15
Q

atria

A

superior, weak, pump to ventricles, myocardial

  • thin because they deliver to ventricles
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16
Q

ventricles

A

inferior, strong, pump to pulomary (right) and systemic (left) circuits, myocardium

  • thick because they push blood greater distance
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17
Q

right side of heart is

A

deoxygenated, takes from systemic from body, gives to pulmonary to lungs

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18
Q

left side of heat is…

A

oxygenated, takes from pulmonary/lungs, gives to systemic/body

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19
Q

arteries

A

carry from hearts, thick, oxygenated (expect pulmonary), high pressure, friction forces

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20
Q

veins

A

to heart, thin, deoxygenated, low pressure, minimal friction forces

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21
Q

heart valves

A
  • pressure gradient for blood flow (high to low pressure)
  • operates the valves of heart (flow of blood in response to difference in pressure)
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22
Q

tricuspid valve (AV)

A
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23
Q

biscuspid valve (AV)

A
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24
Q

pulmonary valve (semilunar)

A
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25
Q

aortic valve (semilunar)

A
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26
Q

oxygenated vessels

A

aorta and pulmonary veins

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27
Q

deoxygentated vessels

A

vena cava and pulmonary arteries

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28
Q

right ventricle vs left ventricle

A

right- thinner pump to lungs which is closer, little resistance

left- thicker because they pump throughout the body, greater resistance

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29
Q

fibrous skeleton of heart

A
  • fundation for heart valves to attach, acts as insertion for cardiac muscle
  • prevents overstretching when blood passes through
  • at as an eletrical insulator prevents spread of action potentials
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30
Q

pulmonary powered by…

A

right ventricle

31
Q

pulmonary leaves through…

A

pulmonary artery

32
Q

pulmonary returns through…

A

pulmonary veins

33
Q

pulmonary return to the…

A

left arium

34
Q

systemic powered by…

A

left ventricle

35
Q

systemic leaves through…

A

aorta

36
Q

systemic returns through the…

A

vena cava

37
Q

systemic return through the…

A

right atrium

38
Q

coronary vessels

A

source of nutrients for myocardium… blood flowing through coronary circulation

39
Q

coronary perfusion pressure-during systole

A

coronary vessels are compressed and flow dreases

blood flows into aorta from left ventricle

40
Q

coronary perfusion pressure- during diastole

A

coronary vessels are uncompressed

increased aortic pressure increases coronary blood flow

41
Q

coronary perfusion pressure- during tachycardiac

A

duration of diastole decreases which decreases the coronary blood flow and can lead to ischemia

42
Q

ischemia

A

condition where blood flow is reduced or restricted to a part of the body

43
Q

autorhymic cells- pacemakers

A

membrane potential of autorhymic cells never rest at a constant value

they repeat generate action potentials by spontaneously depolarizing to threshold- THE PEACEMAKER POTENTIAL

CELLS ACT AS A PACEMAKER TO SET RHYTHM FOR THE ENTIRE HEART

44
Q

ANS innervation

A

location of parasympathetic fibers

parasympathetic response-decrease heart rate response

45
Q

ATP production in cardiac muscle

A

cardiac muscle relies on aerobic cellular respiration for atp

cardiac muscle also produces some atp from creatine phosphate

presence of creatine kinase in the blood indicates injury of cardiac muscle usually vaused by a myocardial infraction

46
Q

electrocardiogram

A

-ECG- recording of electrical changes on the surface of the body resulting from depolarization and repolarization of the myocardium

-measured by placing electrodes on the skin

  • sum of all the electrical activity of the heart
47
Q

ecg p-qrs-t sequence

A
  • p-q interval of electrocardiumgram time if take for atrail kick to fill ventricles

-s-t segments of elctrocardiogram- time for ventricle to empty before repolarizing

48
Q

cardiac cycle

A
  • everythine asociated with one heartbeat
49
Q

diastole

A

relaxtion pahse of cardiac cycle

50
Q

systole

A

contraction phase of cardiac cycle

51
Q

cardiac reserve

A

ratio between the maximum cardiac output a person can axhieve and the cardiac out put at rest

52
Q

regulation of stroke volume

A

preload:effect of stretching, frank-starling law of the heart= greater preload (stretch) on cardiac fibers just before the contact increaes their force of contection during systole

53
Q

myocardial contractilily

A

strength of contaction at any given preload, affected by postive and negative inotropic agent

54
Q

the largest blood vessel in the body that originates at the left ventricle

A

aorta

55
Q

the inner most linning of the heart

A

endocardium

56
Q

blood vessel that transports blood away from heart

A

artery

57
Q

innervates the ventricles

A

purkinje fibers

58
Q

conective tissue structures that help anroch the av valves

A

chordae tendineae

59
Q

pacemaker cells of the heart

A

SA-sinoatrail node

60
Q

contraction phase of the heart

A

systole

61
Q

valve found on the left side of artia and ventricles

A

biscuspid valve or mitral valve

62
Q

valve found in the right side between aitria and ventricles

A

tricuspid valve

63
Q

electrical event repersenting the depolarization of the atria

A

p wave

64
Q

large vein that drains blood into the right atria

A

inferior vena cava

65
Q

each complete heart beat includes ontracttion, relaxation of ventricle and artia

A

complete cardiac cycle

66
Q

valves that separt the atrias and ventricles from one another

A

av- atrioventricular valves

67
Q

membrane that surrounds the heart

A

pericardium

68
Q

relation pahse of the heart

A

diastole

69
Q

blood flow is altered and distributed and ends with regulating blood pressure

A

hemodynamics

70
Q

inner lining of blood vessels, makes direct contact with blood, made of endothelium

A

tunica interna

71
Q

regulates diameter of vessel, made of smooth muscle, second layer of blood vessel

A

tunica media

72
Q

helps anchor vessel to surrounding tissue, , elastic and collagen fibers

A

tunica externa

73
Q

large, thin compared to overall size store and transmit mechanical energy, ex.aorta

A

elastic arteries- conducting

74
Q
A

NURSING SCHOOL YEAR ONE (9 decks)

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