Anatomy 2 Flashcards
the heart weight
350g
heart size
closed fist
number of heart beats a day
10,000 plus
hearts functions (TRI)
- transports=water,gases, proteins, hormones
- regulates=temp.
- immune system
location of heart
- middle mediastinum, 2/3 of heart is left of middle, base is tipped medially and posteriorly, apex of heart is inferiorly and laterally
pericardium function
- protects, maintain heart position
layers of pericardium
- tough outer fibrous pericardium= dense, non-flexible CT
- delicate inner serous pericardium= serous membrane
- serous pericardium subdivisions= partial and visceral
- parietal pericardium adheres= outer fibrous layer
- visceral pericardium is= outer wall of heart
cavity is…
between visceral and paretial pericardium
cavity is filled with..
pericardial fluid
heart wall layers…
- epicardium
- myocardium
-endocardium
epicardium
visceral layer of serous pericadium tissue
thin, transparent
myocardium
thick, cardiac muscle
endocardium
simple squamous epithelium
two types of heart chambers…
atria
ventricles
atria
superior, weak, pump to ventricles, myocardial
- thin because they deliver to ventricles
ventricles
inferior, strong, pump to pulomary (right) and systemic (left) circuits, myocardium
- thick because they push blood greater distance
right side of heart is
deoxygenated, takes from systemic from body, gives to pulmonary to lungs
left side of heat is…
oxygenated, takes from pulmonary/lungs, gives to systemic/body
arteries
carry from hearts, thick, oxygenated (expect pulmonary), high pressure, friction forces
veins
to heart, thin, deoxygenated, low pressure, minimal friction forces
heart valves
- pressure gradient for blood flow (high to low pressure)
- operates the valves of heart (flow of blood in response to difference in pressure)
tricuspid valve (AV)
biscuspid valve (AV)
pulmonary valve (semilunar)
aortic valve (semilunar)
oxygenated vessels
aorta and pulmonary veins
deoxygentated vessels
vena cava and pulmonary arteries
right ventricle vs left ventricle
right- thinner pump to lungs which is closer, little resistance
left- thicker because they pump throughout the body, greater resistance
fibrous skeleton of heart
- fundation for heart valves to attach, acts as insertion for cardiac muscle
- prevents overstretching when blood passes through
- at as an eletrical insulator prevents spread of action potentials