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Spring 24 > Anatomy Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Anatomy Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Membranes

A

cover external/internal body surfaces, multicellular sheets composed of epithelia/connective tissue

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2
Q

3 types of body membranes

A

cutaneous, muscous, serous

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3
Q

Cutaneous

A

cover the outside of the body, exposed to air, cry membrane, skin

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4
Q

muscus

A

found in open body cavities, wet membrane, line body cavities that are open to the exterior, digestive, respiratory

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5
Q

serous

A

found only in closed body cavities, line only the closed ventral body cavities, wet membrane, abdominal cavity,double walled- visceral/parietal

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6
Q

visceral

A

lines of organs

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7
Q

parietal

A

lines the wall

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8
Q

goblet cells

A

secrete mucus, unicellular gland

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9
Q

Functions of the integumentary system

A

external body coverage/boundaries, protected deeper tissues from injury, synthesize vit D, temp regualtion, sensory receptors, excretion

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10
Q

3 protection barriers provided by the integumentary system

A

chemical barrier-acid mantle, physical barrier- keratin/glycolipids, biological layer-dendritic cells, macrophages

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11
Q

3 regions of the skin

A

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

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12
Q

location of the epidermis

A

above the dermis, superficial part of skin, what we see

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13
Q

function of the epidermis

A

protection

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14
Q

characteristics of epidermis

A

avascular, stratified squamous e epithelial tissue, one month to regenerate

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15
Q

4 cells found in epidermis

A

keratinocytes, melanocytes, epidermal dendritic, tactile

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16
Q

keratinocytes

A

produce the protein keratin fro hair and nails, can be used as a seal

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17
Q

melanocytes

A

produce skin pigment melanin, protect against uv damage, gets trigger by sun to produce melanin

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18
Q

epidermal dendritic

A

help activate immune function, found in stratum spinosum layer

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19
Q

tactile cells

A

touch receptors

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20
Q

5 layers of the epidermis

A
  1. stratum corneum
  2. stratum lucidum
  3. stratum granulosum
  4. stratum spinosum
  5. stratum basale
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21
Q

stratum corneum

A

20-30 rows of dead, flat keratinized sacs, protects from abrasion/penetration, waterproof, barrier against biological, chemical, physical assaults, horny layer

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22
Q

stratum lucidum

A

clear layer, only in thick skin, thin transparent band superficial to the granulosum, a few rows of flat, dead keratinocytes

23
Q

stratum granulosum

A

granular layer, thin, 3-5 flat cell layers, keratohyaline/lamellated granules

24
Q

stratum spinosum

A

prickly layer, cells contain a web-like system of intermediate prekeratin filaments attached to desmosomes, abundant melanin granules/dentritic cells, stratified squamous

25
Q

stratum basale

A

basal layer, deepest epidermal layer frimly attached to the dermis, single row of stem cells, rapid division(mitosis), about a month to get to the top, youngest/healithest, highly regenerative

26
Q

skin appendages

A

sweat glands, oil glands, hair, nails

27
Q

characteristics of the dermis

A

vascular, strong flexible connective tissue, rich nerve endings, two layers, temp regulation, synthesizes vit D, appendages are derived from epidermis

28
Q

papillary layer

A

upper 20% layer, consists of areolar CT, close of epidermis, supplies the epidermis with blood, produces vit D, dermal papillae, epidermal ridges, fingerprints

29
Q

reticular layer

A

consists mainly of dense irregular tissue, consists of 80% of the dermis, lowest layer of the dermis, responsible for tension, elastic fibers provide stretch, houses sweat/oil glands, pressure recptors

30
Q

epidermal ridges

A

lie atop deeper dermal papillary ridges to form friction ridges of fingerprints, papillary membrane pulling down epidermis to create ridges

31
Q

cleavage lines

A

collagen fibers arranged in bundles form cleavage tension lines

32
Q

hair bulb

A

in dermis, arrector pili muscle-activate to sensory(goosebumps)

33
Q

hypodermis

A

subcutaneous, adipose tissue, insulation against heat loss

34
Q

name for sweat glands and types

A

sudoriferous, eccrine, apocrine

35
Q

eccrine

A

ducts connect to pores, temp regulation, forehead, palms, soles, all over skin

36
Q

apocrine

A

confined to axillary/apogenital, body oder, functional from puberty

37
Q

name for oil gland

A

sebaceous

38
Q

sebaceous gland

A

oil gland, attached to hair follicle, oily hair, pimples

39
Q

nail bed color

A

due to hemoglobin in blood (makes it red/pink) vessels under the nail bed

40
Q

hair characteristics

A

dead keratinized cells, hard keratin, hair pigments

41
Q

hair functions

A

alreating the body to presence on the skin, guarding the scalp against physical trauma, heat loss, sunlight

42
Q

3 types of skin cancer

A

basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma

43
Q

basal cell carinoma

A

least malignant, most common, stratum basal cells proliferate/invade dermis/hypodermis,doesn’t travel

44
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

second most common, arises from keratinocytes of stratum spinosum

45
Q

melanoma

A

cancer of melanocytes, most dangerous but least common

46
Q

risk factors of melanoma

A

Asymmetry, Boarder irregular Colormuch darker Diameter greater in size Evolving mole

47
Q

2 types of burns

A

partial thickness, full thickness

48
Q

2 types of partial thickness

A

first/second degree

49
Q

type of full thickness burn

A

third degree

50
Q

first degree burn

A

damaged epidermis, heals 2-3 days, mildest form, redness, swelling, pain

51
Q

second degree burn

A

damaged epidermis/dermis, heals 3-4 weeks, blisters

52
Q

third degree burn

A

damaged all three layers, often painless due to damage to nerve receptors, gray, black, red, fluid loss

53
Q

Threat to life in 2nd/3rd degree burns

A

1st-dehydration and electrolyte imbalance, 2nd- infection to wound site

54
Q

rule of 9’s

A

only used in 2nd/3rd degree burns, measures % water loss

Spring 24 (4 decks)

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