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Spring 24 > Anatomy Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Anatomy Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

4 primary tissues

A

epithelial, connective, nervous, muscle

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2
Q

epithelial tissue

A

forms linings, coverings, glands, protection, absorbtion, filtration, excretion, highly regenerative, avascular, defined by cell, lack abundant extracellular matrix

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3
Q

connective tissue

A

binding/support, protection, insulation, transportation, vascular, made up of widely spaced cells, abundant extracellular matrix, defined by nonliving extracellular matrix

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4
Q

muscle tissue

A

ability to contract/cause movement, vascular, defined by cell

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5
Q

nervous tissue

A

forms the brain, spinal cord, nerves, vascular, excitable tissue, defined by cell

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6
Q

2 types of epithelial tissue defined by location

A

covering/lining and glandular epithelia

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7
Q

covering/lining epithelia

A

external surfaces(skin) internal surfaces(digestive,respiratory, chest cavity, abdominal cavity)
create boarder, line/cover everything

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8
Q

glandular epithelia

A

clusters deep to covering/lining epithelium, form the secretory tissue in glands, secrete oil, sweat, hormones, vascular lots of blood flow

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9
Q

Characteristics of epithelial tissue

A

defined by cells, held by tight junctions/desmosomes, apical/basal layers, rest on basement membrane, anchored to CT, high regeneration, no abundant extracellular matrix

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10
Q

Apical surface

A

free side, may have microvilli or cilia, open to the lumen

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11
Q

basal surface

A

lower, attached to the basement membrane

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12
Q

simple epithelium

A

1 layer of cells

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13
Q

stratified epithelium

A

2 layers or more

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14
Q

different shapes of epithelium

A

squamous, cuboidal, columnar

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15
Q

simple squamous epithelium

A

simplest, single layer of flat cells, allows for diffusion and filtration, found where protection is not important, forms lining of lymphatic vessels, blood vessels, heart, kidneys, air sacs

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16
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium

A

single layer of cube like cells, with spherical nuclei, secretion/absorption, found in ducts/secretory portions of small glands and the tubules of the kidneys

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17
Q

simple columnar epithelium

A

single layer of column like cells with oval nuclei near bas of cells, contains microvilli at apical surface and goblet cells, secretion/absorption, found in mucus lining of digestive system, respiratory, reproductive/urinary

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18
Q

stratified squamous epithelial

A

most abundant epi. tissue, forms a thin membrane of several cell layers, keratinized surface cells are dead, designed to protect underlying tissue, lining the mouth, skin, protect from abrasion, keratin creates a seal making it stronger

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19
Q

stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

consists of two cell layers, rare, found only on some sweat/mammary glands

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20
Q

stratified columnar epithelium

A

not very common, found in small amounts in pharynx, urethra, some glandular ducts

21
Q

pseudo stratified columnar epithelium

A

several layers with nuclei at different levels, gives the impression of multi layers tissues, absorption/secretion, lines epididymis, larger ducts of many glands, respiratory system

22
Q

transitional epithelium tissue

A

resembles both stratified squamous/cuboidal, dome shaped, found in organs that stretch, bladder, uterus

23
Q

exocrine glands

A

secrete into a duct, more abundant, release into body cavities or skin, sweat/oil

24
Q

endocrine gland

A

do not secrete into a duct, secreted directly into the blood, secrete hormones, never leave the body

25
Q

characteristic of CT

A

most abundant/wildly distributed, defined by extracellular matrix, made up of specialized living cells seperated by nonliving extracellular matrix

26
Q

major functions of CT

A

binding/support, protection, insulation, transportation(blood)

27
Q

four classes of CT

A

connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone tissue, blood

28
Q

What is in the extracellular matrix

A

fluid=ground substance, adhesion proteins(glue), protein fibers= collagen,elastic, reticular

29
Q

hystology

A

study of tissues

30
Q

collagen

A

white fibers, strongest/most abundant, provides high tensile strength, dense proteins

31
Q

elastic

A

networks of long, thin, elastic fibers that allow for stretch, rubber bands

32
Q

reticular

A

short, fine, highly branched collagenous fibers, spider webs, organs/tissues in lymphatic system

33
Q

connective tissue proper contains?

A

areolar loose, adipose loose, reticular loose, dense regular, dense irregular, elastic

34
Q

areolar loose

A

has all 3 fibers, gel like matrix, its everywhere, good protection, skin, most abundant CT, wrap and cushion organs, cotton candy

35
Q

adipose loose

A

closely packed, fat cells, nutrient storage, insulates against heat loss, bottom layer of skin, marshmallows

36
Q

reticular loose

A

lymphatic system, made of network of reticular fibers in a typical loose ground substance, grapes/branches

37
Q

dense regular

A

collagen fibers in 1 direction, strong, tendons/ligaments, withstands great force in one direction

38
Q

dense irregular

A

fibers going in multiple directions, withstand force in different directions, joint capsule, in the dermis

39
Q

elastic CT

A

lots of elastic fibers, blood vessels, able to stretch, found in walls of arteries

40
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

fibers not visible in extracellular matrix, avascular, embryonic skeleton, ends of mature bones, rib cage, cartilage of nose, bouncy, bug eyes, costal cartilage, trachea

41
Q

elastic cartilage

A

similar to hyaline but more elastic fibers, maintains shape wjile providing great amounf of flexability,external ear,epiglottis,nose

42
Q

fibrocartilage

A

contains think collagen fibers, absrob shock and withstand compression, goes in one direction, disks, meniscus,auditory tube, public symphysis, articular cartilage

43
Q

bone CT

A

hard, calcified matrix contains many collagen fibers, vascular, provides support and protects internal organs, strongest/hardest tissue, produce blood cells. stores calcium, tree trunk

44
Q

blood CT

A

consists of cell (red/white) surrounded by liquid matrix (plasma), transports respiratory gases, nutrients, hormones, wastes.

45
Q

types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal, caradiac, smooth

46
Q

skeletal muscle

A

voluntary, needs signal from nervous system to contract, attach to bones or skin to help the body move/manipulate the environment, striatited

47
Q

smooth muscle

A

involuntary, not strained, contractions are longer/slower, lines organs, bladder and stomach

47
Q

cardiac muscle

A

involuntary can generate it own contraction rhythm, found in the wall of the heart, striated

Spring 24 (6 decks)

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