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anatomy > anatomy ch 5 > Flashcards

anatomy ch 5 Flashcards

1
Q

what does the integumentary system consist of

A

skin
hair
nails
sweat glands
sebaceous glands

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2
Q

epidermis

A

superficial region
epithelial tissue
avascular

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3
Q

dermis

A

underneath epidermis
fibrous connective tissue
vascular

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4
Q

hypodermis

A

subcutaneous layer
adipose tissue
absorbs shock and insulates

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5
Q

another name for hypodermis

A

superficial fascia

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6
Q

what type of epithelial cell makes up the epidermis

A

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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7
Q

what are the four cell types found in the epidermis

A

keratinocytes
melanocytes
dendritic cells
tactile cells

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8
Q

keratinocytes

A

produce keratin
connected via desmosomes

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9
Q

melanocytes

A

spider shaped
located in deepest epidermis
produce melanin

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10
Q

dendritic (langerhans) cells

A

star shaped macrophages
deep epidermis
key activators of immune system

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11
Q

tactile (merkel) cells

A

sensory receptors

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12
Q

how many layers thick is thick skin

A

5
hands and feet

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13
Q

how many layers thick is thin skin

A

4

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14
Q

what are the layers of skin from top to bottom

A

corneum
lucidum
granulosum
spinosum
basale

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15
Q

what layer of skin is only in thick skin

A

stratum lucidum

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16
Q

characterisitics of stratum basale

A

deepest layer
attached to dermis
single row of stem cells
actively mitotic (divides fast!!)
10-25% of layer composed of melanocytes

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17
Q

characteristics of stratum spinosum

A

prickly layer
several layers thick
resists tension and pulling

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18
Q

characteristics of stratum granulosum

A

granular layer
flattened cells, thin layer
TRANSITIONAL LAYER
keratinization begins

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19
Q

cells above what layer die

A

stratum granulosum

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20
Q

characteristics of stratum lucidum

A

found only in THICK SKIN
thin, translucent band of flat dead keratinocytes

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21
Q

stratum corneum

A

horny layer
20-30 rows
anucleated, keratinized
protection, prevent water loss

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22
Q

apoptosis

A

programed cell death

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23
Q

what are the two layers in the dermis

A

papillary
reticular

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24
Q

characteristics of the dermis

A

fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, white blood cells
contains nerves, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels
contains hair follicles, oil glands, sweat glands

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25
Q

papillary layer

A

superior layer of dermis
contains dermal papillae

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26
Q

dermal papillae

A

superficial region of dermis
fingerlike projections into epidermis
lie on top of dermal ridges

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27
Q

friction ridges

A

fingerprint pattern

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28
Q

reticular layer

A

lower layer of dermis
contains cleavage lines

29
Q

cleavage (tension) lines

A

collagen fibers running parallel to skin surface
externally invisible

30
Q

flexure lines

A

externally visible
reticular layer

31
Q

what pigments contributes to skin color

A

melanin
carotene
hemoglobin

32
Q

melanin

A

made in skin by melanocytes
freckles and moles made of local accumulations of melanin
made from amino acid tyrosine

33
Q

carotene

A

yellow to orange pigment
most obvious in palms and soles
accumulates in stratum corneum and hypodermis

34
Q

hemoglobin

A

contributes to pinkish hue of fair skin

35
Q

cyanosis

A

blue skin color
low oxygen of hemoglobin

36
Q

pallor

A

blanching, pale

37
Q

erythema

A

redness (skin)

38
Q

jaundice

A

yellow shin

39
Q

hair

A

dead keratinized cells

aka pili

40
Q

vellus hair

A

pale, fine body hair

children and adult females

41
Q

terminal hair

A

course, long hair

scalp and eyebrows
axillary + pubic areas at puberty

42
Q

nail matrix

A

thickened portion of nail bed responsible for nail growth

43
Q

nail folds

A

skin folds that overlap border of nail

44
Q

cuticle

A

nail fold that projects onto surface of nail body

45
Q

another name for cuticle

A

eponychium

46
Q

hyponychium

A

area under free edge of nail plate that accumulates dirt

47
Q

lunule

A

half moon near cuticle

thickened nail matrix
appears white

48
Q

sudoriferous glands

A

sweat glands

49
Q

what are the two types of sweat glands

A

eccrine
apocrine

50
Q

what cell type makes up sweat glands

A

myoepithelial cells

51
Q

eccrine sweat gland characteristics

A

most numerous types
palms, soles, forehead
ducts connect to pores
secrete sweat

52
Q

apocrine sweat gland characteristics

A

axillary and anogenital areas
bacteria breaks down sweat, producing SMELL
begins functioning at puberty

53
Q

what are the two modified apocrine glands

A

ceruminous glands
mammary glands

54
Q

ceruminous glands

A

lining of external ear canal
secretes cerumen (EARWAX)

55
Q

mammary glands

A

secrete milk

56
Q

sebaceous glands

A

secrete sebum
everywhere except for thick skin (palms, soles)

57
Q

functions of skin

A

protection
body temperature regulation
cutaneous sensations
metabolic functions
blood reservoir
excretion of wastes

58
Q

what are the three barriers in the skin

A

chemical
physical
biological

59
Q

does the skin have a high or low pH

A

low pH

60
Q

what are the three major types of skin cancer

A

basal cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
melanoma

61
Q

basal cell carcinoma characterics

A

least malignant
most common
dermis and epidermis
surgical excision

62
Q

squamous cell carcinoma characteristics

A

second most common type
keratinocytes of stratum spinosum
scaly reddened papule

63
Q

melanoma characteristics

A

melanocytes
most dangerous type
highly metastatic & resistant to chemotherapy
ABCD rule

64
Q

ABCD rule

A

for melanomas

A: asymmetry
B: border irregularity
C: color
D: diameter

65
Q

first degree burn

A

epidermal damage only
localized redness
edema
pain

66
Q

second degree burn

A

epidermal and upper dermal damage
blisters appear
partial-thickness burns

67
Q

third degree burn

A

entire thickness of skin
skin color turns grey-white, red, blackened
nerve ending destroyed
need skin grafting

68
Q

debridement

A

removal of burned skin

anatomy (8 decks)

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