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Anatomy and Physiology > Anatomy and Physiology Semester 1 Final > Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology Semester 1 Final Flashcards

1
Q

What is anatomy?

A

Branch of science concerned with bodily structure

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2
Q

What is physiology?

A

How the body works

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3
Q

Why are anatomy and physiology difficult to separate

A

The structure of body parts are closely related to its function

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4
Q

9 levels of organization (least to greatest)

A

Atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell ,tissue, organ, organ systems, organism

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5
Q

What is not a characteristic of life

A

Exfoliation

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6
Q

What is not a requirement that organism needs to sustain life

A

Intellect

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7
Q

What is homeostasis

A

Condition of a stable internal environment

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8
Q

Positive feedback

A

Goes away from normal state (a mom going into labor)

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9
Q

Negative feedback

A

Goes towards normal state, your body sweating to cool off

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10
Q

What are the five major body cavities of a human

A

Cranial cavity, spinal cavity, thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity

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11
Q

What separates the thoracic cavity and the abdominal-pelvic cavity?

A

The diaphram

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12
Q

What is the purpose of serous fluid?

A

Secretion that provides lubrication between parietal and visceral membranes to reduce friction

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13
Q

What are the three major planes of the body

A

Transverse: upper and lower halves
Sagittal: left and right
Coronal: front and back

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14
Q

What are the 11 major systems of the human body

A

Nervous, cardiovascular, digestive, endocrines, integument, skeletal, muscular, lymphatic, reproductive, urinary, respiratory

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15
Q

Nervous System (brain)

A

Controls the body; sends chemical impulses

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16
Q

Cardiovascular System (heart)

A

Circulates blood; delivers oxygen/nutrients

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17
Q

Digestive System (stomach)

A

Breaks down and absorbs food

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18
Q

Endocrine System

A

Secretes/regulates hormones

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19
Q

Integument System

A

Protects body/retain water

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20
Q

Skeletal System

A

Provide support, protection, and movement

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21
Q

Muscular System

A

Provides movement and body heat

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22
Q

Lymphatic System

A

Defends against infection/cleans fluid

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23
Q

Reproductive System

A

Produces/transports sex cells

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24
Q

Urinary System (kidneys)

A

Remove waste from blood

25
Q

Respiratory System (lungs)

A

Exchanges gases with external environment

26
Q

Three components of a homeostatic mechanism

A

Receptor: to detect if anything is wrong within the body
Set point: What the receptors compare to; the correct/normal state of body
Effectors: How the body deals with the conflict

27
Q

What is not a major function of the integumentary system

A

Transmit impulses

28
Q

Correct order of the major layers in the skin (outer to inner)

A

Epidermis, dermic, subcutaneous layer

29
Q

Purpose of subcutaneous layer

A

Contains adipose tissue, insulation to conserve body heat

30
Q

Specialized cells locates in the dermis responsible for pigmentation

A

Melanocytes

31
Q

What affects skin color

A

genetic and environmental factors

32
Q

What is not a major part of the nails

A

Nail shaft

33
Q

How are meccrine (eccrine sweat glands different from apocrine sweat glands

A

Eccrine sweat gland are active throughout life, apocrine are active at puberty

34
Q

How is healing a wound in the epidermis different from healing a wound in the dermis

A

The dermis involves blood vlots and scabs in the healing process

35
Q

Hair composed of dead epidermal cells

A

Hair shaft

36
Q

Living part of the hair

A

Hair follicle

37
Q

Gland that secreates an oily mixture

A

Sebaceous gland

38
Q

Gland that secretes a mixture of salt and water

A

Sweat glands

39
Q

Attached to hair and contract to cause goosebumps

A

Arrector pili muscles

40
Q

Two modified sweat glands

A

Mammary: milk/feed young
Ceruminous: earwax

41
Q

Histology can be defined as

A

the study of tissues

42
Q

What are the shapes of epithelial tissue

A

Columnar, squamous, cuboidal NOT DENSE

43
Q

General characteristics of epithelial tissues

A

Tightly packed tissue used to protect other tissue

44
Q

Asipose tissue

A

Stores fat

45
Q

Difference between cartilage and bone

A

Cartilage does not heal as quickly as bone because it doesn’t have a good of a vascular system/blood supply

46
Q

Major components of blood

A

Plasma, reb blood cells, platelets

47
Q

Collagen protein

A

Thicker fibers that are used for strength

48
Q

Elastin protein

A

Weaker and stretchy

49
Q

General characteristics of connective tissues

A

Tissue that serves as. a framework of the body and helps bind structures together

50
Q

General characterstics of nerbous

A

Tissue that uses chemical signal impulses to control the body/send messages

51
Q

General characteristics of muscular tiisue

A

Tissues used in contractions

52
Q

Three types of muscular tissues

A

Skeletal: voluntary and striated
Smooth: involuntary, not striated
Cardiac: involuntary and striated

53
Q

What is a neurotransmitter

A

Chemicals released by neurons to communicate with other cells

54
Q

List the five levels of organization for muscles (smallest to largest)

A

filaments, myofibrils, muscle fibers, fascicles, muscle

55
Q

Which of the following is not a connective tissue associated with the muscular sustem

A

Osseous

56
Q

What describes the general structure of skeletal muscle fibers

A

Myofibrils consisting of actin and myosin

57
Q

What is the correct order of organization for muscles from smallest to largest

A

Filaments, myofibrils, muscle fibers, fascicles, muscle

58
Q

What is neuromuscular junction

A

Connection between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber

Anatomy and Physiology (4 decks)

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