A&P Chapter 1 Test Flashcards
Anatomy
the structure of the body
Physiology
the function of the body parts
Why are anatomy and physiology difficult to separate
the structure of the body parts are closely related to its function
STRUCTURE FOLLOWS FUNCTION
What are the nine levels of organization
atom, molecules, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
What happens in terms of complexity as you move up the levels
It gets more complex as you move up because the human body is composed of parts made up of other parts
Characteristics of life
Growth
Reproduction
Responsiveness
Movement
Metabolism: (Respiration, Digestion, Circulation, Exertion)
What are the five requirements that organism need to sustain life?
Food, water, oxygen, heat, pressure
What is homeostasis
While the external environment is constantly changing, the internal environment needs to be stable.
A stable, internal environment
What are the three components of a homeostatic mechanism
Receptors: provide specific conditions of the internal environment
Set point: what is correct in the body and what the receptors compare to
Effectors: if something is wrong, it is how the body responds to the problem
Negative Feedback
Goes back towards the normal state. When you’re sweating your body is trying to cool you down
Positive Feedback
goes away from the norm. WHen you’re in labor your body continues contractions.
Five major body cavities
Cranial, vertebral, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic
What is the diaphragm
In between your thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity that assists your breathing
Parietal membranes
Lines the walls of the body cavities
Visceral membranes
It covers the internal organ
Serous fluid
It is to reduce friction within the body
Major organ and function: Integumentary system
skin; to protect the body and help regulate temperature
Major organ and function: skeleton system
bones; support, protection, and movement
Major organ and function: muscular system
muscles; movement and body heat
Major organ and function: nervous system
brain; controls the body
Major organ and function: endocrine system
pancreas; secretes hormones
Major organ and function: cardiovascular system
heart; circulate blood and nutrients
Major organ and function: lymphatic system
spleen; to defend the body against infections and to clean tissue fluids
Major organ and function: digestive system
stomach; to break down and absorb food
Major organ and function: respiratory system
lungs; gas exchange
Major organ and function: urinary system
kidneys; remove waste from the blood
Major organ and function: reproduction system
uterus; produce/transport sex cells
Saggital
Refers to the body being divided left and right
Transversal
Refers to the body being divided into top and bottom regions (superior and inferior)
Coronal
Refers the body being divided into front and back (anterior and posterior)
