A&P Chapter 6 Test Flashcards
What are the general functions of the integumentary system?
-Prevent water loss
-Regulate body temperature
-Serves as coverings to protect other systems
Layer of skin order from outside to inside
Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous
Epidermis
the most outer layer of the skin
Dermis
This is where blood is drawn
Subcutaneous
Contain adipose tissue to insulate/conserve heat
Explain the process of keratinization
New cells pushing out, dying off, and filling with keratin
Keratinization occurs in
The skin, hair, and nails
What is melanin and what factors determine skin color?
Melanin protect deeper cells from the sun’s ultraviolet rays and is made up of Melanocytes. The factors are genetic, environmental, and physiological factors.
What major accessory structures are located in the dermis?
It has collagen fibers, elastic fibers, nerve fibers, sensory fibers, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands.
Explain the purpose of hair
It protects the body against trauma nad ultraviolet rays
Hair Follicle
Living part of hair where cell division occurs
Hair Shaft
Hair composed of dead epidermal cells
Explain the purpose of nails
Nails are protective coverings over the ends of fingers and toes.
Nail Plate
It overlies the nail bed
Nail bed
Epithelial cells that are continuous with the epithelium of the skin
Lunala
Most actively growing region of the nail root
Explain the purpose of Sebaceous glands.
Secretes oily mixture to waterproof hair
Distinguish between the activities used to heal a wound in the epidermis and those to heal a wound in the dermis.
When the dermis is affected (first degree burn) then use a cream. If the epidermis is damaged (third degree burn) then a transplant may be needed
What are the different symptoms of inflammation
-Itchy
-Red
-Preamble
What are the two different types of sweat glands
Eccrine and Apocrine
Eccrine Glands
Sweat glands that are active throughout life
Apocrine Glands
Glands that are activated at puberty
Ceruminous Glands
Modified sweat gland to secrete earwax
Mammary Glands
Modified sweat glands to secrete milk
Merocrine Glands
The body’s response to temperature from the environment or physical exertion.
Explain the mechanism the body uses to conserve heat
WHen the body is cold, blood vessels constrict. This decrease the hot-blood flow. Can cause shivering and goosebumps
Explain the mechanism the body uses to lose heat
Blood vessels dilate. The nervous system stimulates the skin and organ to release heat. This can cause sweating
Phagocytic cells
They remove dead cells and other debris. This lets the damaged tissues be replaced and a scab to happen. If the damage is extensive, then there may be a scar.
What are the corresponding causes to acute and chronic inflammation
Acute: Injuries or infections
Chronic: Cancer, obesity, heart disease, stress, Type 2 Diabetes.
