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Year 2 Head and neck (JK) > Anatomy and physiology of hearing > Flashcards

Anatomy and physiology of hearing Flashcards

1
Q

3 main divisions of the ear and how you look in the ear

A

external, middle and inner

otoscope, microscope and speculum

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2
Q

pinna/auricle

A

Visible part of the ear from the outside

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3
Q

Name the outer visible parts of the ear

A

helix, triangular area, antihelix, lobule, tragus, concha, meatus and antitragus

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4
Q

Skin epithelium

A

stratified keratinised epithelium

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5
Q

What underlies the skin to give the pinna its structure?

A

elastic cartilage

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6
Q

External ear canal length

A

4cm long in adult

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7
Q

Lateral 1/3 of ear

A

cartilage and skin with ceruminous and sebaceous glands

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8
Q

Hair changes through the ear

A

thick on outside and finer inside

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9
Q

Hair purpose in ear

A

disinfectant and barrier

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10
Q

Medial 1/3 of ear

A

no hairs, cilia or wax

made of skin and bone

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11
Q

Where does skin grow from in the ear?

A

umbo in the tympanic membrane outwards

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12
Q

Where is the skin in ear shed?

A

lateral 1/3 and trapped in wax

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13
Q

Pinna haematoma

A

rugby ear

trauma separates cartilage and tears blood vessels

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14
Q

Outer, middle and inner layers of tympanic membrane

A

continuous with skin of EAC
fibrous layer
respiratory epithelium

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15
Q

dimensions of the tympanic membrane

A

1cm in diameter, 1/10 mm thick

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16
Q

ossicles part

A

head of malleus, incus and stapes

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17
Q

What is the clinical condition related to the respiratory epithelium of the middle ear?

A

glue ear due to mucous

18
Q

How is the middle ear connected to a) mastoid system and b) nasopharynx

A

a) aditus

b) Eustachian tube

19
Q

purpose of middle ear

A

conduct sound from tympanic membrane to the inner ear - SOUND CONDUCTION

20
Q

How can the middle ear be disrupted?

A

otosclerosis or trauma

21
Q

contents of the middle ear - nerve

A

facial nerve –> chorda tympani

22
Q

most important relations of the middle ear

A

middle cranial fossa, internal carotid artery, sigmoid sinus + internal jugular vein

23
Q

how many segments of the facial nerve?

A

6

24
Q

Which facial nerve segment has a fallopian tube which is 10% dehiscent?

A

tympanic

25
Q

Where does the facial nerve exit through the skull?

A

stylomastoid foramen

26
Q

What does the facial nerve supply?

A

motor supply of muscles of facial expression

taste anterior 2/3 tongue from chorda tympani

27
Q

Anatomical relations - complications of otitis media and cholesteatoma

A

meninges, middle cranial fossa, facial nerve, mastoid cavity, inner ear and sigmoid sinus/IJV

28
Q

What is cholesteatoma?

A

skin in wrong place - keratinised squamous epithelium in middle ear

29
Q

Cholesteatoma congenital or acquired?

A

both

30
Q

Inner ear parts

A

bony and membranous labyrinth
cochlear
peripheral vestibular apparatus
vestibulocochlear nerve

31
Q

Membranous labyrinth fluid

A

perilymph and endolymph

32
Q

hearing organ and balance organ

A

cochlear

peripheral vestibular apparatus

33
Q

Parts of peripheral vestibular apparatus

A

utricle, saccule and semicircular canal

34
Q

Briefly describe hearing

A

middle ear vibration –> nerve impulses
foot of stapes vibrates in oval window
pressure wave through fluid in cochlear
detected by hair cells in organ of corti
transmitted by brainstem by vestibulocochlear nerve

35
Q

Explain the importance of each part of the peripheral vestibular apparatus in balance

A

semi circular canals - head rotation
saccule - vertical plane
utricle - horizontal plane

36
Q

sensation to middle ear nerve

A

jacobsons nerve - glossopharyngeal tympanic branch

37
Q

sensation to posterior half of EAC nerve

A

Arnold’s nerve - auricular branch of vagus nerve

38
Q

anterior half of EAC sensation nerve

A

facial nerve

39
Q

pinna nerve supply

A

CN V3

40
Q

Why is shared innervation of the nerve supply important?

A

otalgia worrying if no ear cause

head and neck cancer

Year 2 Head and neck (JK) (13 decks)

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