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Head and Neck > Anatomy and Physiology of Hearing > Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology of Hearing Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 parts of the ear?

A

External
Middle
Inner

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2
Q

What is the entire outer ear referred to as?

A

Pinna or auricle

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3
Q

What type of tissue is present on the outer ear?

A

Stratified keratinised epithelium

Elastic cartilage

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4
Q

What is the external ear canal comprised of?

A

Lateral 1/3 made of skin and cartilage

Medial 1/3 made of skin and bone

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5
Q

What comprises the lateral 1/3 of the external ear canal?

A

Skin containing ceruminous and sebaceous glands

Thick hairs, becoming finer

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6
Q

What is the role of the lateral 1/3 of the external ear canal?

A

Produces wax

Protective barrier and disinfectant

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7
Q

What are the features of the medial 1/3 of the external ear canal?

A

No hairs or cilia

Doesn’t produce wax

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8
Q

What can cause otitis media?

A

Staph aureus

Pseudomonis

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9
Q

What groups are otitis externa more common in?

A

Swimmers

Those who use hearing aids

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10
Q

Where does the skin of the external ear canal grow from?

A

Umbo of the tympanic membrane outwards

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11
Q

What is pinna haematoma?

A

Blood clot pushes ear away from cartilage causing a knobbly appearance

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12
Q

How is pinna haematoma treated?

A

Incision under local anaesthetic to the helix, drained and stitched up to close dead space

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13
Q

What groups can malignant otitis media be more common in?

A

Elderly

Diabetics

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14
Q

How is malignant otitis media treated

A

Admission for IV antibiotics

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15
Q

What is the treatment for a living creature in the ear?

A

Drown in oil or water before extraction

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16
Q

What is the top of the ear known as?

A

Attic

17
Q

What is the annulus?

A

Outside part of the middle ear

18
Q

What are the 3 layers of the tympanic membrane?

A

Outer layer continuous with skin of EAC
Middle fibrous layer
Inner layer of respiratory epithelium (ciliated columnar with goblet cells)

19
Q

What is the function of the ossicles?

A

Conduct sound waves from tympanic membrane to inner ear

20
Q

What can cause disruption of the ossicles?

A 
Trauma 
Bony sclerosis (otosclerosis)
21
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the middle ear?

A

Ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

22
Q

What does the middle ear connect to?

A

Mastoid system via aditus and nasopharynx via eustachian tube

23
Q

What does the middle ear contain?

A

Facial nerve (chords tympani)

24
Q

What are the important relations of the middle ear?

A

Middle cranial fossa
Internal carotid artery
Sigmoid sinus and internal jugular vein

25
Q

What are the 6 segments of the facial nerve?

A 
Intracranial 
Meatal segment (internal auditory meatus) 
Labyrinthine segment 
Tympanic segment 
Mastoid segment
Extratemporal segment
26
Q

What muscles does the facial nerve give motor supply to?

A

Stapedius
Posterior belly of digastric
Stylohyoid

27
Q

What does the facial nerve give taste sensation to?

A

Anteriror 2/3 of tongue from chord tympani

28
Q

What is otitis media

A

Infection of the middle ear

29
Q

What are the complications of otitis media and cholesteatoma?

A 
Meninges 
Middle cranial fossa 
Facial nerve 
Mastoid cavity 
Inner ear
Sigmoid sinus/internal jugular vein
30
Q

What is cholesteatoma?

A

Keratinised squamous epithelium in the wrong place

31
Q

What does the inner ear contain?

A

Bony and membranous labyrinth
Conhlear
Peripheral vestibular apparatus
Vestibulocochlear nerve (CR N VIII)

32
Q

What does the membranous labyrinth contain?

A

Fluid (perilymph and endolymph)

33
Q

What comprises the peripheral vestibular apparatus?

A

Utricle
Saccule
Semicircular canals

34
Q

What is the process of hearing?

A

Foot of stapes vibrates in oval window
Causes pressure wave though fluid in cochlear
Detected by hair cells in organ of corti
Transmitted to brainstem (junction of pons and medulla) by CR N VIII

35
Q

What is the process of balance?

A

Semicircular canals detect head rotation
Saccule detects linear acceleration in vertical plane
Utricle detects linear acceleration in horizontal plane

36
Q

What nerve provides sensation to the middle ear?

A

Tympanic branch of glossopharyngeal nerve (Jacobsons nerve)

37
Q

What nerve provides sensation to the posterior half of the EAC?

A

Auricular branch of the vagus nerve (Arnolds nerve)

38
Q

What nerve provides sensation to the anterior half of the EAC?

A

Facial nerve

39
Q

What nerve provides sensation to the pinna?

A

Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve

Head and Neck (7 decks)

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