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Anatomy 101 > Anatomy and physiology ch.1 The Human Organism > Flashcards

Anatomy and physiology ch.1 The Human Organism Flashcards

1
Q

systemic anatomy

A

study of the body by systems

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2
Q

regional anatomy

A

the study of the body by regions

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3
Q

anatomy

A

the study of the structure of the body

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4
Q

anatomical imaging

A

the use of x-rays, mris, cat scans.

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5
Q

physiology

A

the study of the function of body parts

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6
Q

6 levels of the human body

A
  1. atom
  2. cellular
  3. tissue
  4. organ
  5. organ system
  6. organism
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7
Q

atomic level

A

atoms combine to form molecules

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8
Q

cellular level

A

molecules combine to form a cell

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9
Q

tissue level

A

similar cells combine to form tissue

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10
Q

organ level

A

similar tissues combine to form organs

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11
Q

organ system

A

organs with similar functions make an organ system

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12
Q

organism

A

a combination of organ systems

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13
Q

integumentary system

A

provides protection, regulates temp, prevents water loss, and helps produce vitamin D.
consists of hair, skin, nails, sweat glands

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14
Q

skeletal system

A

provides protection, movement, makes blood cells, stores minerals and fat, consists of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and joints

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15
Q

muscular system

A

provides movement and produces body heat. consists of muscles attached to the skeleton by tendons. 3 types of muscle: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal

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16
Q

lymphatic system

A

removes foreign substances from the blood, assists in the production of lymphocytes, maintains fluid in tissues, and absorbs fat/ fat soluble materials from the digestive tract. consists of the lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, thymus, pancreas

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17
Q

respiratory system

A

consists of the nose, the nasal cavity, the larynx, the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the lungs.
used for breathing, serves to extract oxygen and release carbon dioxide buildup (gas exchange). helps to maintain the ph balance of the body.

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18
Q

digestive system

A

consists of the mouth, the throat, the esophagus, the stomach, the small intestine, the large intestine, the rectum, and the anus. functions to ingest food, digest, absorb nutrients from food, and eliminates waste.

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19
Q

nervous system

A

consists of the brain, the spinal cord, nerves, detects changes outside and inside of the body. serves the body to control the muscles

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20
Q

endocrine system

A

introduces hormones into the body, regulates growth, controls blood sugars, regulates metabolism.

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21
Q

cardiovascular system

A

moves blood around the body. used to move nutrients, respiratory gases, waste products, and hormones.

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22
Q

urinary system

A

consists of the kidneys, the ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra. moves nitrogenous wastes, regulates body PH, and maintains fluids and ion balance.

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23
Q

reproductive system

A

consists of the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, testes, seminal vesicle, vas deferens, and the penis.

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24
Q

negative feedback

A

maintains homeostasis

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25
Q

receptor

A

monitors the value of a varible

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26
Q

control center

A

establishes a set point which a variable is to be maintained around

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27
Q

effector

A

something that can change the value of the variable

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28
Q

positive feedback

A

goes away from homeostasis. i.e. during birth, the brain will tell the body to contract more to release the baby

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29
Q

anatomical position

A

standing straight up, feet forward, and palms facing out.

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30
Q

prone

A

belly down

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31
Q

supine

A

belly up

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32
Q

superior

A

going towards the head or cephalically

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33
Q

inferior

A

moving towards the feet

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34
Q

caudal

A

dealing with the feet

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35
Q

medial

A

going to the center line of the body

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36
Q

lateral

A

going away from the center line of the body

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37
Q

proximal

A

meaning close by to a point

38
Q

distal

A

meaning far away from a point

39
Q

anterior

A

ventral of the front of the body

40
Q

posterior

A

dorsal or the back of the body

41
Q

sagittal

A

separating the left and right halves of the body

42
Q

midsagittal

A

line in the middle of the body separating left and right halves

43
Q

transverse

A

splits the body into superior and inferior halves

44
Q

frontal

A

the coronal plane, splits the body into a posterior half and an anterior half

45
Q

oblique

A

splits the body into a diagonal plane

46
Q

cephalad

A

the head area

47
Q

frontal

A

the forehead

48
Q

orbital

A

the eye region

49
Q

nasal

A

the nose region

50
Q

oral

A

the mouth region

51
Q

otic

A

the ear region

52
Q

buccal

A

the cheek region

53
Q

mental

A

the brain

54
Q

cervical

A

the front of the neck

55
Q

thoracic

A

the trunk of the body above the diaphragm

56
Q

pectoral

A

the chest area

57
Q

sternal

A

the sternum

58
Q

mammary

A

the nipple region

59
Q

coxal

A

the hip region

60
Q

iguinal

A

the area around the genitals

61
Q

axillary

A

the armpit

62
Q

brachial

A

the arm

63
Q

antecubital

A

the bend in the elbow

64
Q

antebrachial

A

the forearm

65
Q

carpal

A

the wrist

66
Q

palmar

A

the palm

67
Q

phalanges

A

digits of the hand and the foot

68
Q

femoral

A

the thigh region

69
Q

patellar

A

the knee

70
Q

crural

A

the shin

71
Q

sural

A

the calf

72
Q

popliteal

A

the back of the knee

73
Q

olecranal

A

the elbow

74
Q

tarsal

A

the ankle

75
Q

plantar

A

the sole of the foot

76
Q

calcaneal

A

the heel

77
Q

sacral

A

point between hips

78
Q

occipital

A

the back of the head

79
Q

nuchal

A

the back of the neck

80
Q

acromial

A

the point of the shoulder

81
Q

lumbar

A

the lower back

82
Q

thoracic cavity

A

contains the heart, the lungs, and the mediastinum

83
Q

mediastinum

A

contains part of the heart, the thymus, the trachea, the esophagus

84
Q

pleural cavity

A

contains the lungs

85
Q

pericardium

A

sac that contains the heart

86
Q

tic tac toe grid of the abdomen

A

r hypochondriac, r lumbar, r iliac, epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric, l hypochondriac, l lumbar, l iliac

87
Q

visceral membrane

A

inner wall of the serous membrane

88
Q

parietal membrane

A

outer wall of the serous membrane

89
Q

peritoneum

A

the abdominal membrane that covers the abdominal wall and the organs

90
Q

mesenteries

A

attaches the organ to the abdominal wall

91
Q

retroperitoneal

A

organs located behind the peritoneum; includes the kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas,parts of the intestines, and part of the urinary bladder

Anatomy 101 (10 decks)

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